全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1308篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 13篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 293篇 |
口腔科学 | 156篇 |
临床医学 | 138篇 |
内科学 | 88篇 |
皮肤病学 | 11篇 |
神经病学 | 87篇 |
特种医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 43篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
预防医学 | 54篇 |
眼科学 | 18篇 |
药学 | 307篇 |
中国医学 | 59篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 71篇 |
2013年 | 63篇 |
2012年 | 60篇 |
2011年 | 92篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 68篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 52篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 59篇 |
1984年 | 41篇 |
1983年 | 57篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1341条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
2.
EDTA-induced urothelial cell shedding for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer in the mouse 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
OFER NATIV EILATA DALAL GUY HIDAS MOSHE ARONSON 《International journal of urology》2006,13(10):1344-1346
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intravesical EDTA instillation on the development of intravesically implanted tumor cells in normal mice. METHODS: The mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) model was used in female C3H/eb mice to evaluate the amount of normal urothelial cell shedding, and the degree of tumor growth inhibition following intravesical EDTA instillation in comparison with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) instillation. RESULTS: At 1 h after instillation, the number of urothelial cells aspirated was 500-1000 per PBS-treated mouse and 10,000-20,000 per EDTA-treated mouse (P < 0.00001). The bladder weight, which reflected the effect of the agent on the tumor, was similar in the untreated and PBS-treated mice (105.46 +/- 46 mg and 106.2 +/- 50 mg, respectively). It was significantly lower in the EDTA-treated mice (80.4 +/- 42 mg) (P = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical administration of EDTA results in significant normal and neoplastic urothelial cell shedding. Intravesical irrigation with EDTA may prevent adherence of the malignant cells to the bladder wall following tumor resection. 相似文献
3.
G Tufveson W Geelings M Broyer F P Brunner H Brynger S R Dykes J H Ehrich W Fassbinder G Rizzoni N H Selwood 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1989,4(3):161-171
This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provided. 相似文献
4.
Li Shihong Schöneich Christian Wilson George S. Borchardt Ronald T. 《Pharmaceutical research》1993,10(11):1572-1579
The effect of primary structure and external conditions on the oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide by the ascorbate/Fe3+ system was studied in small model peptides. Degradation kinetics and yield of sulfoxide formation were dependent on the concentration of ascorbate and H+, with a maximum rate observed at pH 6–7. Phosphate buffer significantly accelerated the peptide degradation compared to Tris, HEPES, and MOPS buffers; however, the formation of sulfoxide was low. The oxidation could not be inhibited by the addition of EDTA. Other side products besides sulfoxide were observed, indicating the existence of various other pathways. The influence of methionine location at the C terminus, at the N terminus, and in the middle of the sequence was investigated. The presence of histidine in the sequence markedly increased the degradation rate as well as the sulfoxide production. The histidine catalysis of methionine oxidation occurred intramolecularly with a maximum enhancement of the oxidation rate and sulfoxide production when one residue was placed between the histidine and the methionine residue. 相似文献
5.
6.
van Hoogdalem Ewoud J. Heijligers-Feijen Cornelia D. de Boer Albertus G. Verhoef J. Coos Breimer Douwe D. 《Pharmaceutical research》1989,6(1):91-95
The stability of the neuroleptic peptide des-enkephalin--endorphin (DEE; Org 5878) in the rectal lumen and the rectal bioavailability of DEE were investigated in conscious rats. Furthermore, the influence of peptidase inhibition, peptidase saturation, and absorption enhancement on DEE bio-availability were evaluated. Na2EDTA (0.25%, w/v) prolonged the degradation half-life of DEE in the ligated colon from 33 ± 7 to 93 ± 45 min. Without adjuvant, tritium-labeled DEE was absorbed from the rat rectum to a very low extent (0–4%). After administration of an excess of unlabeled DEE or with Na2EDTA, comparable results were obtained. The medium-chain glyceride preparation MGK markedly enhanced the rectal DEE bioavailability, up to 8–20%, which was further increased to 10–44% by coadministration of Na2EDTA. No substantial influence of varying the rectal delivery rate was observed. The results suggest that absorption enhancement and enzyme inhibition both are essential for effective increase of rectal peptide bioavailability. 相似文献
7.
The problem of synaptosome formation in the electric organ of Torpedo has been re-investigated using tissue from juvenile fish. This tissue is softer than adult material and can be easily homogenized in an Aldridge-type homogenizer. Homogenates so prepared contain a significant number of synaptosome-like structures which can be purified by differential and density gradient centrifugation. The purified particles are enriched in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase; they also contain lactate dehydrogenase activity, most of which is in an occluded form. The structure of these particles as revealed by electron microscopy is unusual in that they have no post-synaptic adhesions, relatively few synaptic vesicles and no intraterminal mitochondria. Because of their unusual morphology we have named these particles nerve terminal sacs (T-sacs). A high-affinity, hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline uptake system with an apparent Km of 1–3 μm is associated with the T-sacs. 相似文献
8.
Histidine-rich protein genes and their transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum and P. lophurae 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M Wallach D F Cully L O Haas W Trager G A Cross 《Molecular and biochemical parasitology》1984,12(1):85-94
The presence of histidine-rich protein (HRP) related genes and gene products in Plasmodium falciparum was demonstrated using a synthetic pentahistidine-encoding oligonucleotide and a cloned HRP cDNA probe prepared from the avian parasite P. lophurae. In Northern blotting experiments, two knobby clones of P. falciparum were found to contain a 3500 nucleotide RNA species that hybridized with the oligonucleotide and HRP cDNA probes. As this component had the expected size for an mRNA encoding an 80-90 kDa protein and was absent from two knobless clones of P. falciparum, we concluded that it represented a 'knob protein' mRNA. Using the restriction enzyme EcoRI, three identical cross-hydribizing HRP gene fragments were found in the DNA of both knobby and knobless clones of P. falciparum. These fragments differed in size from those present in P. lophurae. These results suggest that the absence of knob protein mRNA in knobless clones is not due to loss of the corresponding gene(s). 相似文献
9.
Experiments on (CBA x C57BL)F1 mice showed that injection of hydrocortisone into the animals in a dose of 1 mg per mouse 24 h after immunization with sheep's erythrocytes, and against the background of repeated injections of EDTA, leads to a reduction in the relative number of plaque-forming cells by more than two-thirds in the spleen of the mice compared with the effect of the two agents separately, and by more than five-sixths compared with the control. It is suggested that this may be the result of the more intensive incorporation of hydrocortisone associated with the prolonged hypocalcemic action of the complexone, EDTA.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 320–322, March, 1978. 相似文献
10.
Membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase in Torpedo electric organ: A marker for synaptosomal plasma membranes? 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The enzyme choline-O-acetyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A and choline and is considered as one of the best markers for cholinergic nerve endings. The distribution of this enzymatic activity was analysed during the purification of plasma membranes of purely cholinergic nerve endings isolated from the electric organ of the fish Torpedo marmorata. This tissue, which receives a profuse and purely cholinergic innervation, can be considered as being a "giant" neuromuscular synapse. The isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) were first osmotically disrupted and their plasma membranes isolated by equilibrium density centrifugation (discontinuous followed by continuous sucrose gradients). Choline acetyltransferase activity was found to exist in three forms: (1) a soluble form (the major one) present in the cytoplasm of the nerve endings, (2) a form which is ionically associated with membranes and which can be solubilized by washing exhaustively the membrane fraction with solutions of high ionic strength (0.5 M NaCl) and (iii) a form which is non-ionically bound to membranes and cannot be solubilized with high salt solution. The soluble and the non-ionically bound activities exhibited very similar affinities for choline (1.34 and 1.64 mM, respectively). The non-ionically membrane-associated form of choline acetyltransferase was found to "copurify" with the cholinergic synaptosomal plasma membranes of Torpedo, its specific activity being increased from 122 (crude fraction) to 475 (purified membrane fraction) nmol/h/mg protein. An enrichment was also observed for another cholinergic marker, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, but not for the nicotinic receptor to acetylcholine, a marker for postsynaptic membranes. No choline acetyltransferase activity could be detected in preparations of synaptic vesicles that were highly purified from the electric organ. Also, the non-ionically associated form of choline acetyltransferase activity was hardly detectable (2.4 nmol/h/mg protein) in fractions enriched in axonal membranes prepared from the cholinergic electric nerves innervating the electric organ. The partition into soluble and membrane-bound activity was also analysed for choline acetyltransferase present in human placenta, a rich source for the enzyme but a non-innervated tissue. In this case the great majority of the enzyme appeared as soluble activity. Very low levels of non-ionically membrane-bound activity were found to be present in a crude membrane fraction from human placenta (2.8 nmol/h/mg protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献