胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后患者复发情况及危险因素分析

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(CBDS)术后患者复发情况及危险因素。方法 纳入114例2019年1月~2020年12月在本院行ECRP联合LC治疗的胆囊结石合并CBDS患者,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据所选患者ECRP联合LC术后随访1年内是否复发(REC)将其分为REC组(32例)和未REC组(82例)。回顾性统计胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC情况,比较REC组和未REC组的临床资料,并分析胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素。结果 114例胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC32例,发生率28.07%。胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素为胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍(OR=4.170、4.047、3.568、3.367,P<0.05)。结论 胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素与胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍密切相关,可据此针对性制定临床治疗及护理干预措施方案,以降低胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC率。     

腹腔镜术中经胆囊管纤维胆道镜取石术的应用体会(附18例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术中应用胆道镜经胆囊管途径进行胆总管探查、取石的方法及临床价值。方法:对18例腹腔镜手术中经胆囊管途径行胆道镜胆总管探查、取石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:经胆囊管途径胆道镜成功取出胆总管结石共17例,失败1例,取石成功94.4%(17/18)。结论:腹腔镜手术中应用经胆囊管途径取出胆总管内结石的方法安全可行,较之腹腔镜术中胆总管切开取石的方法创伤更小。     

Is ERCP manometry useful in the choice of treatment of stones of the common bile duct?

Summary To verify the appropriateness of sphincterotomy as the treatment of choice of choledocholithiasis, since 1980 we have been using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) manometry of the sphincter of Oddi (SO). This method allows direct investigation of SO motor activity and provides useful information regarding the presence of benign papillary stenosis (BPS). Thirty-four patients were investigated because the radiological examination indicated BPS might be present. Of these, 20 had common bile duct (CBD) stones, while the remaining 14 presented with biliarylike pain and one or more of the following: CBD dilation (larger than 12 mm); emptying of the ERCP contrast medium took longer than 45 min; abnormal liver function tests. Moreover, 8 healthy volunteers served as controls. Our results show that the incidence of SO motor anomalies is very low in the presence of choledocholithiasis, while it is substantial in patients with suspected SO dysfunction. These observations would suggest that, unlike the traditional view, BPS is rarely secondary to biliary lithiasis. Therefore, most of the sphincterotomies performed that are based on the assumption of underlying SO pathology should be considered unnecessary. Under these circumstances, the physiological role of a functioning SO has induced us to advocate sphincterotomy, surgical or endoscopic, in selected cases only.     

经剑突下孔直接取石法在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用

目的 探讨经剑突下孔直接取石法在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术中的应用效果,并总结手术经验。方法 回顾性分析蚌埠市第一人民医院2014年11月-2018年4月86例胆总管结石患者的临床资料,其中男28例、女58例,年龄25~78(50.8±10.5)岁,均观察行腹腔镜手术,术中于胆总管切开后经剑突下孔直接取石。记录成功实施腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后排气时间、引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间、手术成功率及随访并发症,并总结技术经验。结果 成功完成腹腔镜下手术81例,成功率94.2%(81/86),其中1例因末端结石嵌顿难以取出,后经胆道镜下碎石取出。其余5例中,1例因胆囊十二指肠漏中转开放手术,4例因胆囊炎急性发作后三角区纤维化难以分离而中转开腹。81例成功手术者:手术时间为(80.2±18.6)min,术中出血量为 (20.0±3.0) mL,术后下床时间为(15.5±5.7)h,术后排气时间为(30.2±10.2)h,引流管拔除时间为术后(2.4±0.4)d,术后住院时间 (10.4±2.6) d。术后4~6周拔除T管;随访6~12个月,平均8.5个月,无术后胆漏、胆道狭窄、再发胆管结石等并发症。结论 经剑突下孔直接取石法使腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术变得简单易行且安全,通过选择合适的患者,调整剑突下孔的位置、注意手术细节,改进手术流程,可减少了手术时间、创伤,并能取尽结石,获得满意的疗效。     

胆总管结石治疗后复发因素的研究进展

胆总管结石是外科最常见的良性疾病之一,随着科技的进步、医疗技术的提升以及医院硬件设施的完善,经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术（ERCP）及腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）已经成为胆总管结石的主要治疗手段,且具创伤小、恢复快的临床优势。但是,临床多中心研究数据显示,胆总管结石术后复发率为4%~24%,因此,胆总管结石术后复发是外科医生必须面对的挑战和亟待解决的问题。胆总管结石的形成是一个复杂的遗传和环境因素相互作用的过程,其具体机制尚未完全阐明,术后复发机制及相关因素亦成为临床研究的难点和热点。笔者通过整理归纳相关文献,从十二指肠乳头括约肌功能、胆道微生态、胆道解剖三个维度,阐述胆总管结石术后复发的相关机制与研究进展,为预防胆总管结石术后复发提供新的策略和研究方向。     

2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术临床研究

目的:探讨胆总管结石合并2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(LCBDE)的可行性、安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性分析2009年12月-2012年12月采用LCBDE治疗的58例合并2型糖尿病(糖尿病组)及同期58例无糖尿病(非糖尿病组)胆总管结石患者的临床资料,比较两组术前、术中及术后的情况.结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、开始进食时间、术后住院时间及中转开腹方面,差异均无统计学意义(t/x 2=3.921,6.940,1.332,1.270,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组术后电解质紊乱、胆管炎、胆瘘、切口感染、肺部感染发生率比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(×2=0.438,0.537,0.342,1.036,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组均无术后结石残余、胆管狭窄及死亡病例.结论:合并2型糖尿病的胆总管结石患者在围手术期严格控制血糖,术中仔细操作的前提下,行LCBDE是可行的、安全的、有效的.     

磁共振MRCP在诊断胆总管结石中的价值

目的:分析总结MRCP诊断胆总管结石的重要性。方法:通过30例经过手术确诊的胆总管结石病例,进行分析比较。结果:29例MRCP术前诊断胆总管结石,术后予以确诊,1例可疑结石,诊断准确率96.6%,B超术诊断结石16例,检出率53.3%,明显低于MRCP。结论:MRCP辅以常规MR扫描诊断胆总管结石准确率高,是安全、有效的检查方法,得到临床的广泛应用。     

An impressive choledochal cyst and its surgical resection

IntroductionCholedochal cysts are rare congenital dilations of the biliary tree that can present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, cholelithiasis and pancreatitis. Although most commonly identified in children, they can be found in the adult population. However, because of the non-specific symptoms, this diagnosis may be difficult to make in the adult. A physician therefore must keep this diagnosis within their differential, as it may arise in an unexpected patient population who may present with a convoluted work up.Case presentationIn this report, we present the case of a 50-year-old African American woman with recurrent cholelithiasis, cholangitis and eventually obstructive jaundice despite undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy six years prior. Her only work up at that point was a right upper quadrant ultrasound revealing gallbladder sludge, which led to her cholecystectomy. It was the persistence of her symptoms—abdominal pain, cholangitis and obstructive jaundice—previously attributed to chronic cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis that warranted further work up. After multiple physician visits, she was referred to our academic center after an ERCP was performed and she was found to have a dilation of her common bile duct consistent with a choledochal cyst. Furthermore, the ERCP identified multiple bile duct stones within the cyst. This was not identified on her original ultrasound or prior ERCPs. The patient underwent a complete cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and did well post-operatively.DiscussionThis report illustrates how choledochal cysts can be an elusive diagnosis, but may present with repeated infections, recurrent biliary stones, and biliary obstruction despite a cholecystectomy. Had she an MRCP prior to her cholecystectomy, she would likely have avoided multiple surgeries, and years of persistent symptoms. Choledochal cysts are associated with an increased risk of biliary malignancy and therefore cyst excision is the standard of care.ConclusionAlthough rare, physicians need to keep this diagnosis in mind, and be aware of the clinical and imaging findings consistent with a choledochal cyst in order to facilitate appropriate work up, referral and treatment.     

Revision of the common bile duct in a combined PTCD/ERC approach – A case report

Introduction and importanceThe endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) represents the standard treatment for choledocholithiasis. However, ERC in patients with previous gastrectomy and anastomosis is difficult due to altered access.Case presentationIn our case, we report on a patient with previous gastrectomy and Y-Roux-anastomosis suffering from choledocholithiasis. Operative revision with simultaneous cholecystectomy failed. In a combined procedure of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) and endoscopic cholangiography the stone removal of the common bile duct was finally successful.Clinical discussionThere are some approaches for treatment of choledocholithiasis in pre-operated patients. However, prospective multi-center studies for complication and success rates are not available due to the rarity of such cases.ConclusionInterdisciplinary procedures seem to be the safest and most promising way to succeed in the treatment of choledocholithiasis in challenging cases.