60岁以上老年慢性下腰痛和肌肉减少症及维生素D的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性下腰痛(chronic low back pain,CLBP)患者与肌肉减少症及维生素D之间的相互关系。明确CLBP的发病机制。方法选取我院在2015年10月至2018年12月收治的疑似CLBP患者341例。根据CLBP诊断标准将疑似CLBP患者分为无CLBP组(n=235)及CLBP组(n=106)。根据肌肉减少症诊断标准将确诊的CLBP患者分为无肌肉减少症组(n=62)及肌肉减少症组(n=44)。24 h内收集患者临床资料[年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、危险因素(吸烟、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病)、微型营养评估精法(MNA-SF)];血液指标[总蛋白(TP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)];采用VAS评分评估CLBP疼痛程度。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)来测定血清中25-羟维生素D[25(OH) D]水平。结果 CLBP组患者的年龄、CRP高于无CLBP组(P0.05); BMI、MNA-SF、25(OH) D、GS、CC低于无CLBP组(P0.05)。CLBP组患者中的25(OH) D不足、25(OH) D缺乏及肌肉减少症比例高于无CLBP组(P0.05)。CLBP组患者VAS与25(OH) D、握力(GS)、小腿围(CC)呈现负相关性(r=-0.523、-0.343、-0.584,P均0.05)。年龄(OR:1.640,95%CI:1.008～2.147)、肌肉减少症(OR:3.575,95%CI:2.196～5.819)、维生素D不足(OR:2.034,95%CI:1.228～4.352)、维生素D缺乏(OR:6.969,95%CI:3.702～13.120)是CLBP发生的独立危险因素,MNA-SF(OR:0.349,95%CI:0.211～0.578)是CLBP发生的独立保护因素。肌肉减少症组患者年龄、吸烟比例、CRP、维生素D不足、维生素D缺乏高于无肌肉减少症组(P0.05); MNA-SF低于无肌肉减少症组(P0.05)。维生素D不足(OR:2.070,95%CI:1.009～3.861)、维生素D缺乏(OR:7.122,95%CI:3.776～13.434)是肌肉减少症发生的独立危险因素,MNA-SF(OR:0.257,95%CI:0.135～0.487)是CLBP发生的独立保护因素。结论通过临床观察发现维生素D水平降低可能是肌肉减少症导致CLBP发生的潜在机制。该研究强化了常规评估CLBP患者的维生素D水平并补充至正常的重要。     

Altered body composition profiles in young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often develop alterations in body composition in terms of their proportions of lean mass and fat mass, as well as reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, there are limited data on the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and percentage fat (fat %) for young adults with childhood-onset IBD. Our aim was to investigate the body compositions of these patients, with the focus on SMI and fat %.

Methods: Body composition was estimated by dual x-ray absorptiometry for 94 young adults with childhood-onset IBD aged 18–27?years, 65 of whom had ulcerative colitis. The Z-scores for SMI, fat %, and BMD were calculated using the normative data from 1,289 individuals with corresponding age. Based on the SMI and fat % Z-scores, each patient was classified as having a body composition profile that was: (i) normal; (ii) obese (fat % Z-score >1); (iii) myopenic (SMI Z-score <??1); or (iv) myopenic-obese.

Results: A higher proportion of young adults with childhood-onset IBD had a body composition profile classified as myopenic (24%) or myopenic-obese (9%), as compared to the controls (myopenic [16%, p?=?.016]; myopenic-obese [2%, p?=?.002]). Patients with the myopenic or myopenic-obese profile had significantly lower total body BMD Z-scores (?1.3?±?0.7 and ?1.4?±?0.9, respectively) than patients with the normal profile (?0.2?±?1.1; p?<?.001 and p?=?.004, respectively). Diagnosis of IBD in childhood represented an additional risk for low BMD, regardless of SMI Z-score.

Conclusion: Young adults with childhood-onset IBD have a high risk for having altered body composition traits.

• Summary

• Young adults with childhood-onset IBD carry a high risk for altered body composition traits. The myopenic and myopenic-obese body composition profiles were more frequently observed in patients with IBD than controls, and these profiles were strongly associated with low BMD.

     

肌少症的血清生物标志物

肌少症是一种以肌肉量减少、伴有肌肉力量和(或)躯体功能减退为特征的老年综合征。近年来肌少症已成为老年医学研究的热点,对肌少症血清生物标志物的探索也取得了新进展。本文全面综述了肌少症的相关血清生物标志物,除传统的炎症相关生物标志物外,重点探讨了肌肉特异性生物标志物、氧化应激相关生物标志物、营养相关生物标志物、内分泌相关生物标志物、神经肌肉连接(NMJ)功能障碍相关生物标志物、小分子核糖核酸(MicroRNA)标志物等对诊断肌少症的潜在价值。鉴于肌少症的表型和致病机制复杂,难以通过单一生物标志物反映,整合多种生物标志物和其他临床特征的临床预测模型是未来研究的方向。     

慢性心力衰竭合并肌少症的研究进展

慢性心力衰竭(CHF)是一种常见的心脏疾病,而肌少症则是世界卫生组织2016年新认定的一种疾病,以进行性骨骼肌量、肌力和(或)躯体功能下降为特征,两者均在老年人群高发。本文全面综述了CHF合并肌少症的流行病学特点、发病机制、干预措施和预后。现有研究证据表明,肌少症在CHF患者中具有较高患病率,CHF患者发生肌少症的机制尚未阐明,可能与CHF导致的厌食症、营养不良、活动量减少、慢性炎症和激素水平变化等相关。对于CHF合并肌少症患者而言,适当的体力活动和营养补剂可能有益。对于血清维生素D水平降低的CHF患者,补充维生素D可能有益。鉴于肌少症可导致CHF患者生存时间缩短、再入住院率增加和生活质量下降,有必要提高CHF患者和临床工作者对肌少症的认识,及早对CHF患者进行肌少症的筛查、预防和干预。     

Association of myostatin,a cytokine released by muscle,with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study

Myostatin is a cytokine produced and released by myocytes that might have an outstanding role not only in muscle wasting during cachexia but also in inflammation. Herein we explore the association between myostatin levels and inflammatory parameters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).One hundred twenty-seven women without rheumatic diseases and 84 women with a diagnosis of RA were assessed in a cross-sectional study. Outcomes reflecting the activity of the arthritis including Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR) and impairment in functioning by the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index were assessed in RA. We obtained Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum myostatin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Myostatin levels were correlated with disease activity and parameters of muscle mass.The SMI was lower and concentration of myostatin was higher in RA patients than in controls (P = .008 and P < .001, respectively). Myostatin significantly positively correlated with C-reactive protein (rho = 0.48, P < .001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rho = 0.28, P = .009), and DAS28-ESR (rho = 0.22, P = .04), and negatively correlated with SMI (rho = −0.29, P = .008), (FFMI) (rho = −0.24, P = .027). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, levels of myostatin remained associated with disease activity in RA (P = .027).In our study, myostatin was associated with disease activity in RA patients, suggesting a mechanistic link between myostatin, muscle wasting and inflammation in RA.     

急性肌少症的研究进展

急性肌少症是指持续时间少于6个月的肌少症,常由急性应激事件(如急性疾病、手术、创伤等)诱发。作为一种新近被认识和定义的综合征,急性肌少症概念的提出不过数年,尚未引起学界广泛关注。急性肌少症与患者不良预后密切相关,增加重症监护室入住率,延长机械通气时间和住院时间,并增加死亡风险。其诊断标准是在肌少症诊断标准基础上联合诱因和发病时间。目前国内外对急性肌少症研究甚少,其发病机制尚不清楚,可能与炎症、卧床、营养不良、激素水平等相关。急性肌少症的干预措施主要包括运动锻炼、营养干预和神经肌肉电刺激,目前还没有成熟的治疗药物。