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排序方式: 共有363条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
目的了解人体前胸矢状面倾斜度的大小及对放疗剂量分布的影响。方法选择126例患者行胸部CT扫描并予正中矢状面重建。分别测定上中下胸廓层面前后体表中线至脊髓距离及各层上下间距,计算出前胸倾斜度。查TMR表得出中平面深度及脊髓深度处上中胸及中下胸层面剂量误差。结果前野各层面至脊髓距离变化较大,后野变化较小。人体前胸倾斜度范围为25~56°。上中胸段组的上下缘剂量误差较大,躯体中平面平均相差8%,脊髓17%。中下胸段组剂量误差较小,躯体中平面4%,脊髓7%。误差随倾斜角度增加而增加。根据倾斜度得出合适的楔形板修正角度大约为10~35°。结论人体前胸矢状面存在自然倾斜度,这种倾斜影响前野剂量分布,应予以个体化修正。建议根据角度的大小选择合适的头足向楔形板优化。 相似文献
2.
Congenital lung malformations are not infrequent and can be discovered in adults. It is, therefore, necessary to know their radiological manifestations in order to avoid diagnostic errors. We classify the congenital lung malformations in two main groups: dysmorphic lung and focal pulmonary malformations. We review the radiological spectrum of dysmorphic lung, based on a classification that emphasises the pulmonary abnormality, adding variants when diaphragmatic or venous abnormalities are present. In our opinion this approach allows for a rational use of advanced imaging techniques (CT, MRI).
Correspondence to: Josep M. Mata. 相似文献
3.
Axial rotation component of thoracic scoliosis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
I A Stokes 《Journal of orthopaedic research》1989,7(5):702-708
The axial rotation (rotation about a vertical axis) of the vertebrae, of the ribs, and of the back surface are components of the deformity recognized clinically as the "rib hump" in thoracic scoliosis. Relationships of these rotations to the lateral deviation and lateral curvature of the spine were studied in 40 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Stereoradiographs of the spine and rib cage were used to measure three components of axial rotation: rotation of the vertebrae, of the rib cage, and of the plane of maximum curvature of the spine. Stereotopographs of the back surface were digitized to measure the axial rotation of the back surface. In individual patients, there were high correlations of all components of axial rotation at each spinal level with the corresponding vertebral lateral deviation from the spinal axis. By regression analyses of the maximum values of each rotation in each curve, the rotation of the apex vertebra was found to be generally of lesser magnitude than the rotation of the plane of maximum curvature of the spine and in an opposite sense in kyphotic curves. The rib cage rotation was generally of lesser magnitude than the vertebra rotation, and the back surface rotation was less than both of these skeletal rotations. Vertebra rotation correlated most closely with lateral deviation of the spine. Simple segmental coupling of axial rotation and lateral bending could not be responsible for this axial rotation. 相似文献
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5.
This review presents the options and limitations of MRI in non-vascular diseases of the mediastinum and the chest wall. In
numerous thoracic pathologies, MRI is a useful supplement to spiral CT. This imaging procedure also allows a contrast-media-free
differentiation of solid tumors and vascular lesions (e. g., aortic aneurysms). The advantages of MRI over CT are particularly
useful when multiplanar tumor imaging is required prior to surgery to establish the exact spatial relationship between tumor
and the other mediastinal structures. Primary indications for MRI in diseases of the mediastinum and chest wall are therefore:
(a) tumors of the posterior mediastinum for determining their position in relation to the neural foramina and the spinal canal;
(b) chest wall tumors; (c) preoperative multiplanar imaging of primary mediastinal tumors; and (d) contraindications against
CT exams with iodine contrast media. 相似文献
6.
胸段食管癌根治性手术切除范围研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨胸段食管癌根治性手术切除的长度和广度。方法 对1994年2月至1999年10月胸段食管癌320例的切除标本连续切片结果及淋巴结转移情况进行研究。结果 粘膜下漫润长度小于3.27cm,粘膜下癌栓扩散小于2.46cm;10.9%患者有多灶癌,多灶癌相距最长长度7.40cm,食管中段癌淋巴结呈上、下双向转移,食管下段癌主要下行转移至腹腔淋巴结。结论 食管癌可浸润全胸段食管和胸、腹腔淋巴结,胸段食管癌均作全胸段食管切除及纵隔和腹腔淋巴结清扫,有利于癌瘤彻底切除。 相似文献
7.
Imaging of blunt chest trauma 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
In western European countries most blunt chest traumas are associated with motor vehicle and sport-related accidents. In
Switzerland, 39 of 10,000 inhabitants were involved and severely injured in road accidents in 1998. Fifty two percent of them
suffered from blunt chest trauma. According to the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics, traumas represented in men the fourth
major cause of death (4 %) after cardiovascular disease (38 %), cancer (28 %), and respiratory disease (7 %) in 1998. The
outcome of chest trauma patients is determined mainly by the severity of the lesions, the prompt appropriate treatment delivered
on the scene of the accident, the time needed to transport the patient to a trauma center, and the immediate recognition of
the lesions by a trained emergency team. Other determining factors include age as well as coexisting cardiac, pulmonary, and
renal diseases. Our purpose was to review the wide spectrum of pathologies related to blunt chest trauma involving the chest
wall, pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi, aorta, aortic arch vessels, and diaphragm. A particular focus on the diagnostic
impact of CT is demonstrated.
Received: 29 November 1999; Accepted: 28 January 2000 相似文献
8.
Mediastinal lymphangioma in adults: CT and MR imaging features 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charruau L Parrens M Jougon J Montaudon M Blachère H Latrabe V Laurent F 《European radiology》2000,10(8):1310-1314
Adult mediastinal lymphangiomas are rare lesions the diagnosis of which is difficult based on imaging studies. A retrospective
study of CT, MR, and pathologic findings of mediastinal lymphangioma was performed in order to correlate pathological and
imaging findings. Nine cases of adult lymphangiomas were identified in the records of our institution over a 12-year period.
The CT, MR, and pathologic findings were reviewed. Lesions were classified pathologically as unilocular, cavernous, and intermediate
types. Pathologic examination identified six cases of unilocular lesion, two cases of cavernous type, and one intermediate
type. The CT features (n = 9) included a smoothly marginated non-enhancing mass of water attenuation (n = 7), a non-enhancing mass of soft tissue attenuation (n = 1), and an enhancing multiseptated mass (n = 1). Lesions were located in the anterior mediastinum (n = 2), right paratracheal (n = 4), subcarinal (n = 1), aortopulmonic window (n = 1) areas, and below the left hilum extending into the posterior mediastinum (n = 1). The MR features (n = 3) were characterized by an enhancing multicystic and multiseptated appearance, evocative of a cavernous type in two cases.
The CT appearance of mediastinal thoracic lymphangioma is variable depending on the pathologic type. The most common unilocular
type is a non-enhancing thin-walled mass on CT. A less frequent cavernous type can be suggested based on a multiseptated and
loculated mass on CT and/or MR examination.
Received: 21 June 1999; Revised: 30 September 1999; Accepted: 23 February 2000 相似文献
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