An evaluation of the gum elastic bougie

This study was designed to evaluate the routine use of a gum elastic bougie for tracheal intubation. The median time to intubation with the gum elastic bougie while simulating an 'epiglottis only' view was only 10 s longer than the time taken during conventional intubation with an optimum view. Three of the patients required a gum elastic bougie-assisted intubation after attempts at conventional visual intubation had failed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness between the two groups. We recommend that anaesthetists should use the gum elastic bougie whenever a good view of the glottis is not immediately obtained.     

纤维支气管镜与间接喉钳手术治疗声带疾病

目的进一步研究声带小结与息肉的治疗手段。方法采用日本OlimpusBFp20型纤支镜和国产FF-99光电子内窥镜显示仪，配合间接万向喉钳治疗声带小结和息肉57例。结果治愈率92％，病人痛苦小。结论纤支镜配合间接喉钳手术治疗声带小结和息肉效果良好。     

Prevalence of hepatitis-C virus RNA in serum and throat washings of children with chronic hepatitis

Serum samples from 46 children with chronic and probably transfusion acquired hepatitis were tested for the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by a “nested” polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, to judge a possible risk of HCV transmission from these patients. In 73% of the samples, viral RNA was detected, indicating a high virus prevalence in this patient group. High titers of HCV-RNA were observed in some sera as shown by the detection of virus in some samples even at dilutions of 10^?3. Comparison of simultaneously obtained PCR results and ALT values revealed no significant correlation between virus presence in serum and higher ALT levels. It was, however, shown that unusually high ALT values may reflect a high titer of viral RNA in serum. To investigate the prevalence of viral RNA in saliva, which could be a vehicle of virus transmission, 35 throat washing samples from the HCV-infected children were screened by PCR. Using three different sample preparation procedures, 20% of the throat washings were found to be positive for HCV-RNA. This indicates a prevalence of virus in this fluid lower than that reported previously. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

探针ASPCR检测肺炎支原体 微量耐药突变A2063G方法的建立

[摘要]　目的　 建立能够特异性检测微量肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae, MP）A2063G耐药突变基因的特异性扩增等位基因的探针法实时定量PCR（probe-based allele-specific real-time PCR, 探针ASPCR）方法。方法?建立特异性检测A2063G耐药突变位点的探针ASPCR方法,并验证其灵敏度、特异度及准确度等性能。结果?特异性扩增2063G和非特异性扩增2063A/G的引物/探针组合分别扩增105拷贝野生基因型（2063A）模板的Ct值的差(△Ct)高达10.93,能够特异性检测A2063G突变。探针ASPCR方法检测2063G基因型占总MP的比例的准确度可低至1％;检测MP的灵敏度低至10拷贝,检测A2063G耐药突变比例的灵敏度低至0.01％。探针ASPCR方法与前期建立的染料ASPCR方法检测临床样本的MP感染结果一致,MP阳性检出率均为94.83%（55/58）,高于传统巣式PCR联合测序方法的检测结果（75.86%,44/58）;探针ASPCR和染料ASPCR 2种方法检测MP耐药率分别为63.64%（35/55）、70.91%（39/55）,高于传统巣式PCR联合测序方法检测结果59.09%（26/44）。结论?新建探针ASPCR方法是一种具有高特异度、准确度和灵敏度的快速检测MP微量A2063G耐药突变的方法;与染料ASPCR方法相比,探针ASPCR方法检测耐药MP的灵敏度略低,但其临床样本检测复查率也低于染料ASPCR方法,且其结果判读简单,更适合在临床中应用推广,能够为临床制定MP及耐药MP感染的治疗方案提供理论依据。     

Postoperative sore throat: cause, prevention and treatment

Sore throat is a common postoperative complaint, occurring most often following tracheal intubation. Factors such as tracheal-tube size and cuff design have been shown to be important causative factors. Routine tracheal intubation for elective surgical procedures can result in pathological changes, trauma and nerve damage which may also account for postoperative throat symptoms. Sore throat following the use of a laryngeal mask appears to be related to the technique of insertion but the contribution of intracuff pressure remains to be clarified. It would appear, however, that high intracuff pressure is associated with nerve palsies due to neuropraxia and nerve compression. Careful insertion techniques for both the tracheal tube and laryngeal mask are of paramount importance in the prevention of airway trauma and postoperative sore throat.     

润嗓冲剂的临床研究与体会

[目的]观察应用润嗓冲剂预防和治疗喉部疾患的临床疗效。[方法]随机设治疗组(润嗓冲剂治疗 )和对照组 (四季润喉片治疗) ,30d为1个疗程 ,1个疗程后统计疗效 ;对健康人群进行润嗓冲剂预防治疗 ,随访观察1a。[结果]润嗓冲剂治疗咽喉部疾患的治愈率及显效率为64 98% ,明显高于对照组的16 34% ,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);健康人群服用润嗓冲剂后 ,咽喉疾患发病率为4 13% ,较对照组36 42%有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。[结论]润嗓冲剂对慢性咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎等喉部疾患有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

帕瑞昔布钠预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后咽喉痛疗效观察

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后咽喉痛的疗效.方法 选取2018年6月至2019年1月在重庆市北碚区中医院择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的130例全身麻醉患者作为研究对象,性别不限,年龄21～67岁,美国麻醉医师协会分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和生理盐水组(S组).手术结束前10 min P组患者静脉...     

愈疮膏治疗动物疮疡模型实验研究

目的：探讨愈疮膏的药理作用。方法：用愈疮膏对大白鼠进行疮疡模型治疗实验,经血清溶菌酶含量测定和组织病理学检查,并设京万红组作阳性对照,凡士林组作基质对照。结果：愈疮膏组对实验大鼠的组织修复及创口愈口明显优于京万红组和凡士林组。结论：愈疮膏有促进创口愈合的作用。     

人咽喉部肿瘤组织HPV免疫组化及DNA斑点杂交的检测

用免疫组化及ＤＮＡ斑点杂交技术检测人咽喉部乳头状瘤及鳞状细胞癌组织中ＨＰＶ壳蛋白抗原及ＨＰＶ６、１１、１６、１８型ＤＮＡ。结果显示，５例正常粘膜、１５例声带息肉ＨＰＶ抗原及ＤＮＡ检测均阴性。１１例乳头状瘤ＨＰＶ抗原与ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性率均为４５．５％。２２例鳞状细胞癌ＨＰＶ抗原阳性率为２２．７％，ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性率为２７．３％。乳头状瘤ＨＰＶ检出率与组织学检查的结果相符。结果提示咽喉部乳头状瘤及鳞状细胞癌的发生和发展与ＨＰＶ感染有关系。     

中药配方颗粒与中药饮片治疗感冒临床疗效差异性的Meta分析

[目的] 比较中药配方颗粒和中药饮片治疗感冒的临床疗效差异。[方法]通过检索中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据、PubMed和Embase数据库,纳入中药配方颗粒和中药饮片治疗感冒的临床对照研究,检索年限均从建库至2021年5月10日,系统评价两者治疗各种类型感冒的临床疗效以及退热时间、咽痛缓解时间的差异性。[结果] 对纳入研究的50个临床随机对照试验(random control trials,RCT)进行统计分析,共涉及病例数6 093例。结果显示,中药配方颗粒与中药饮片治疗感冒有效率差异无统计学意义[相对危险度(relative risk,RR)=1.03,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)(1.00,1.07),P＞0.05]。亚组分析提示,两者治疗风寒感冒[RR=0.97,95%CI(0.93,1.01),P＞0.05]、风热感冒[RR=1.04,95%CI(1.00,1.08),P＞0.05]、阴虚感冒[RR=1.02,95%CI(0.99,1.05),P＞0.05]的有效率差异无统计学意义。症状分析提示,中药配方颗粒与中药饮片治疗感冒退热时间的差异无统计学意义[标准化差值(standardized mean difference,SMD)=-0.06,95%CI(-0.42,0.30),P＞0.05];饮片治疗感冒咽痛时间短于配方颗粒[SMD=-0.66,95%CI(-1.09,0.23),P＜0.001]。[结论] 中药配方颗粒与中药饮片治疗感冒疗效相当,分别治疗风寒感冒、风热感冒、阴虚感冒的疗效差异均无统计学意义;退热时间差异均无统计学意义;饮片缓解感冒咽痛时间稍优于配方颗粒。