甘露醇联合吡拉西坦治疗脑出血致脑水肿的疗效及其安全性分析

目的分析甘露醇联合吡拉西坦治疗脑出血致脑水肿患者的疗效及其安全性。方法选择2019年9月-2020年5月在沈阳市第五人民医院接受治疗的脑出血致脑水肿患者118例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各59例,两组入院后均实施常规治疗,在此基础上对照组予以甘露醇治疗、观察组给予甘露醇联合吡拉西坦治疗,比较两组的疗效、药物安全性,以及治疗前和治疗20d后神经功能和神经肽Y水平。结果观察组总有效率为98.31%,高于对照组的86.44%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分及神经肽Y水平均较治疗前下降,且观察组较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率为8.47%,高于对照组的5.08%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甘露醇联合吡拉西坦治疗脑出血致脑水肿的疗效较单独应用甘露醇更好,而且能够改善患者神经功能,安全性较高,值得推广。     

Piracetam reverses hippocampal membrane alterations in Alzheimer's disease

Summary. The in vitro effects of piracetam treatment on the fluidity of membranes from the hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease patients (AD) and non-demented controls were studied. Hippocampal membranes of AD patients showed a significant lower hydrocarbon core fluidity compared with membranes from elderly non-demented controls. Preincubation with piracetam enhanced the hydrocarbon core fluidity of hippocampal membranes from AD-patients as well as elderly controls in a concentration depending fashion, although the effect was more pronounced for the AD membranes. In the presence of piracetam, the difference of the membrane fluidity between AD and control membranes was not longer apparent. Received January 18, 1999; accepted April 13, 1999     

Piracetam in acute stroke: a systematic review

We studied whether the administration of piracetam in acute, presumed ischemic stroke affects case fatality and functional outcome. The Cochrane Stroke Group strategy was used to evaluate all randomized controlled trials of patients with presumed ischemic stroke examined within 48 h; death and (when available) functional outcome were used as end points. Three studies were included; the most recent one contributed more than 97% of the data. There were 501 patients treated with piracetam and 501 controls. Piracetam was associated with a nonsignificant 31% increase in the odds of death (95% CI –5% to 81%). This result was due almost completely to the effect of the larger trial, which, however, reported that the difference in case fatality rate between piracetam and control disappeared after correcting for the imbalance in stroke severity between the two groups. Data on functional outcome were available only for the largest study, and no difference was reported. Data obtained from the manufacturer suggested a nonsignificant trend (–10%) towards reduction in dependency with piracetam (CI –33% to 20%); the proportions of patients dead or dependent in the two groups were the same. Relevant adverse effects were not reported. The evidence from this review does not support routine administration of piracetam in patients with acute ischemic stroke; however, since a possible beneficial effect cannot completely be ruled out, further controlled trials are warranted. Received: 31 August 1999/Received in revised form: 3 November 1999/Accepted: 25 November 1999     

脑复康对中老年认知功能和LPO影响的观察

选择认知功能减退患者２１例连服脑复康２个月，经治疗前后韦氏记忆量表（ＷＭＳ）和血过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）检测显示：使ＷＭＳ１０项目中的６项及量表总分、记忆商值均显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１或＜０．０５），表明本药有改善记忆障碍的作用；使ＬＰＯ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），对防治老年疾病的发生和延缓机体衰老具有一定意义。     

醒脑静注射液联合吡拉西坦治疗脑出血后认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的探讨醒脑静注射液联合吡拉西坦片治疗脑出血后认知功能障碍的临床疗效。方法选取2013年6月—2015年12月西安医学院第一附属医院神经外科收治的脑出血后认知功能障碍患者573例,随机分成对照组(286例)和治疗组(287例)。对照组口服吡拉西坦片,4片/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注醒脑静注射液,20 m L加入到5%葡萄糖溶液250 m L中,1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗1个月。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的认知功能、日常生活能力和血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为77.97%、89.90%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组MMSE评分和ADL评分均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的上升程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NSE水平均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组NSE水平的下降程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液联合吡拉西坦片治疗脑出血后认知功能障碍具有较好的临床疗效,能改善认知功能和日常生活能力,提高NSE水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

吡拉西坦片溶出度测定方法研究

目的：建立吡拉西坦片溶出度测定方法。方法：采用浆法,以水为溶剂,转速为100 r/min,20 min 时取样。以高效液相色谱法,C18柱（4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm）为固定相,以甲醇-水（10：90）为流动相,测定吡拉西坦的溶出度,检测波长为210 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果：吡拉西坦在0.05-0.15 mg/mL 的浓度范围内,线性关系良好。线性方程为：A =1939.5C ＋374.45（r =0.9993）测定吡拉西坦平均回收率为99.5%（RSD =0.44%,n =12）。结论：增加吡拉西坦溶出度检查项极为必要。本方法操作简便,结果正确,为完善吡拉西坦片的质量标准提供有效手段。     

优化吡拉西坦片工艺,提高其崩解时限及脆碎度

目的:提高其崩解时限及脆碎度,确保产品质量。方法:通过正交实验,确定影响吡拉西坦片崩解时限及脆碎度的三个因素,即粘合剂的浓度,温度,湿混时间,从而确定最后工艺。选用两种辅料,进口羧甲基淀粉钠和羟丙纤维素进行对比实验,确定最后辅料的使用。通过辅料的添加形式进行对比实验,确定辅料的最后添加形式。结果:通过以上3种方法及相应的措施,来确定是否能提高吡拉西坦片的崩解时限及脆碎度。吡拉西坦片崩解时限提高到7．1min,脆碎度提高到0．148％。结论:添加4％的羟丙纤维素,吡拉西坦片崩解时限及脆碎度数据最好,因此确定辅料的使用为4％的羟丙纤维素。羟丙纤维素内外各加2％效果最好。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦修复大鼠脊髓损伤

背景：单纯的干细胞移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用并不理想,主要是因为脊髓损伤后损伤区域神经组织的水肿、缺血、缺氧等引起继发性损伤造成的。 目的：在骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的同时应用吡拉西坦,观察两者对大鼠脊髓损伤恢复的影响。 方法：雌性Wistar大鼠参照改良Allen打击法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型。随机分成3组,即单纯损伤组、骨髓间充质干细胞移植组及骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦组。于伤后1,2,4,6,8周进行BBB评分和斜板实验等运动功能检测。第4周取材行病理切片苏木精-伊红染色,通过SRY-PCR检测雄性大鼠Y染色体上特有的基因SRY,从而得知移植骨髓间充质干细胞是否存活。8周后取材,行辣根过氧化物酶示踪观察,并通过透射电镜观察轴突的再生情况。 结果与结论：伤后4周,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组大鼠后肢运动功能均有较明显恢复,联合治疗组较骨髓间充质干细胞移植组恢复快(P < 0.05)。单纯损伤组亦有所恢复,但程度较轻。病理切片单纯损伤组未见神经轴索通过;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组可见少量神经轴索样结构;联合治疗组可见较多神经轴索样结构。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组有SRY基因表达,单纯损伤组未检测到SRY基因。辣根过氧化物酶阳性神经纤维数联合治疗组﹥骨髓间充质干细胞移植组>单纯损伤组,差异具有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。透射电镜下,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组正中横断面可见新生的无髓及有髓神经纤维。提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦促进大鼠损伤脊髓结构和功能恢复的效果明显优于单纯细胞移植组,两者联用具有协同效应。     

Drug-related deaths with evidences of body packing: Two case reports and medico-legal issues

Body packing is a general term used to indicate the internal transportation of drug packages, mainly cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, and methamphetamine, within the gastrointestinal tract. We described two cases of accidental drug intoxication, observed over the last year period, with evidence of intracorporeal drug concealment. The first case concerned a body packer transporting 69 drug packages of heroin adulterated with piracetam. The second body packer transported 16 drug packages of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. For both cases, forensic examination and toxicological analysis of drug packages and biological samples were carried out. Authors also wants to highlight the main medico-legal issues that commonly arise in cases of suspected or ascertained body packers.     

Spectrophotometric and LC determination of two binary mixtures containing antihistamins

Several methods are developed for the determination of two binary mixtures containing cyclizine hydrochloride with pyridoxine HCl (mixture (mix.) 1); and cinnarizine with piracetam (mix. 2). The resolution of the two binary mixtures has been accomplished by using numerical spectrophotometric methods as partial least squares (PLS-1) and principal component regression applied to UV spectra of the mixture and graphical spectrophotometric method as second derivative of the ratio spectra (2DD). In addition, HPLC methods were developed depending on using RP18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/0.05 M KH2PO4 (50:50, v/v, pH 4.0) with UV detection at 239 nm for mix. 1, and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/0.05 M KH2PO4/triethylamine (50:50:0.2, v/v/v, pH 3.0) with UV detection at 227 nm for mix. 2. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the two binary combinations in synthetic mixtures and commercial tablets.