A Reminder of Methylene Blue's Effectiveness in Treating Vasoplegic Syndrome after On-Pump Cardiac Surgery

The inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass decreases vascular tone, which in turn can lead to vasoplegic syndrome. Indeed the hypotension consequent to on-pump cardiac surgery often necessitates vasopressor and intravenous fluid support. Methylene blue counteracts vasoplegic syndrome by inhibiting the formation of nitric oxide.We report the use of methylene blue in a 75-year-old man who developed vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery. After the administration of methylene blue, his hypotension improved to the extent that he could be weaned from vasopressors. The use of methylene blue should be considered in patients who develop hypotension refractory to standard treatment after cardiac surgery.     

亚甲蓝甘油合剂封闭治疗三叉神经痛108例

目的观察亚甲蓝甘油合剂封闭治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效并探讨其治疗机制。方法按国际头面痛学会分类委员会确定的诊断标准,108例原发性三叉神经患者随机分为两组:A组为亚甲蓝甘油合剂组(n=54),B组为单纯甘油合剂组(n=54);采用徐贵印推荐的三维测角穿刺半月神经节进行封闭治疗,对治疗后1周、3个月和2年分别进行疗效评判和随访观察。结果两组治疗后1周、3个月优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两年后优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症没有明显差异,2例出现视力下降,3例因解剖变异未能穿刺成功,仅在卵圆孔周围进行了注射,外加眶下孔以及骸孔封闭。结论亚甲蓝甘油合剂用于治疗三叉神经痛远期疗效优于单纯甘油合剂,且亚甲蓝对神经未见明显损害(经2年随访)。     

Load-induced proteoglycan orientation in bone tissuein vivo andin vitro

Summary Previous studies of Alcian blue-induced birefringence in adult avian cortical bone showed that a short period of intermittent loading rapidly produces an increased level of orientation of proteoglycans within the bone tissue. In the absence of further loading, this persists for over 24 hours. We have proposed that this phenomenon could provide a means for “capturing” the effects of transient strains, and so provide a persistent, constantly updated strain-related influence on osteocyte populations related to the bones' averaged recent strain history, in effect, a “strain memory” in bone tissue. In our present study, we use the Alcian blue-induced birefringence technique to demonstrate that proteoglycan orientation also occurs after intermittent loading of both cortical and cancellous mammalian bonein vivo andin vitro. We also show that the change in birefringence is proportional to the magnitude of the applied strain, and that the reorientation occurs rapidly, reaching a maximal value after only 50 loading cycles. Examination of electron micrographs of bone tissue after staining with cupromeronic blue allows direct visualization and quantification of the change in proteoglycan orientation produced by loading. This shows that intermittent loading is associated with a realignment of the proteoglycan protein cores, bringing them some 5 degrees closer to the direction of collagen fibrils in the bone matrix.     

双J管临床应用及美蓝在置管术中的作用

目的探讨双J管(双J输尿管支架管)在泌尿系疾病治疗中的应用效果以及美蓝在置放术中的作用。方法对215例患者采用放置双J管作内支架和内引流治疗,近期48例术中以美蓝协助定位。结果术后留置尿管5~7d,无切口感染、尿瘘等并发症。术后1~3个月拔除双J管,随访3~6个月,肾功能、肾积水明显好转,吻合口通畅。以美蓝协助定位者无双J管上移致拔管困难。结论双J管具有内支架和内引流作用,操作简单,引流效果好,并发症少,缩短住院时间。以美蓝协助定位,值得推广应用。     

Pyramidal cells in primary auditory cortex project to cochlear nucleus in rat

Recent work has demonstrated that the auditory cortex in rat sends direct projections to the auditory nuclei of the brainstem, including the cochlear nucleus and superior olive. To determine the cortical origin of the projections to cochlear nucleus, Fast Blue, a retrograde fluorescent tracer, was injected into the cochlear nucleus. Labeled cells in the forebrain were then studied with light microscopy and mapped. The projection was found to originate from large pyramidal neurons in layer V of primary auditory cortex. The projection was predominantly ipsilateral, and no labeled neurons were found in other cortical areas. These data imply that primary auditory cortex exerts influence over ascending auditory information at the earliest stages of the central auditory system.     

亚甲蓝与BCNU抗大鼠C6胶质细胞瘤协同作用的研究

目的:研究亚甲蓝(MB)对大鼠脑胶质瘤C6的增殖抑制及与化疗药物1,3-双(2-氯乙基)-1-亚硝基脲(BCNU)的协同抗肿瘤作用.方法:用MTT比色法测定MB对C6细胞的抑制作用,观察MB和BCNU对Wistar大鼠C6胶质瘤模型的治疗效果.结果:MB对C6细胞的增殖具有明显的浓度依赖性抑制作用;MB、BCNU联合应用与BCNU的单独应用对C6大鼠肿瘤模型的作用有明显差别(P＜0.01).结论:MB对C6细胞的增殖具有抑制作用,与BCNU具有协同的抗胶质细胞瘤作用.     

萃取—钼蓝比色法测定杞菊地黄口服液总磷脂含量

本文采用folch试剂萃取,以钼蓝比色法对14枇杞菊地黄口服液中总磷脂成分进行了含量测定。分析结果表明,回收率的变异系数为2.18%,该法简便准确,专一性强,为杞菊地黄口服液的内在质量控制提供了分析方法。     

Organization of amygdaloid projections to the mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex: a fluorescence retrograde transport study in the rat

Previous studies have shown that the amygdala projects to both the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and its cortical projection area, the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this investigation rats received injections of different fluorescent retrograde tracers (true blue and diamidino yellow) into MD and either the lateral, polar, or medial PFC in order to examine the relationship of amygdaloid neurons with cortical and/or thalamic projections. PFC injections labeled neurons in the basolateral (BL), basomedial (BM), ventral endopiriform (EnV), and rostral lateral nuclei as well as the periamygdaloid cortex (PAC) and the medial part of the amygdalohippocampal area (AHA). In BL, which contained the great majority of neurons projecting to PFC, most labeled cells were concentrated in particular parts of the nucleus and were topographically organized. The overwhelming majority of labeled neurons in BL were large pyramidal or piriform cells that correspond to class I neurons described in Golgi studies. Occasional small neurons with thin dendrites were also observed; these cells may be class II neurons. MD injections labeled numerous cells in the anterior division of the cortical nucleus, medial nucleus, and caudomedial part of the central nucleus. Moderate numbers of labeled cells were found in caudal portions of BM and PAC, whereas scattered cells were observed throughout the rest of the amygdala with the exception of the lateral nucleus. In BL and AHA many MD-projecting neurons were observed along nuclear boundaries and in the adjacent white matter. Neurons in BL, BM, and AHA usually had large elongated or irregular somata and two to four primary dendrites that branched sparingly. Other cells had smaller ovoid somata. The morphology and distribution of MD-projection cells in the basolateral amygdala indicate that they are primarily large class II neurons. Double-labeled amygdaloid neurons, labeled by both cortical and thalamic injections, were observed only in a small number of animals. Control experiments suggest that most of the double-labeled cells in these cases were artifacts caused by spread of the thalamic injectate into the third ventricle with subsequent uptake by fibers in the anterior commissure. Thus the findings of this study suggest that different neuronal populations in the amygdala project to the two poles of the MD-PFC system. In the basolateral amygdala class I neurons are the predominant cell type involved in PFC projections, whereas a subpopulation of class II neurons, hitherto thought to be primarily local-circuit neurons, project to MD.     

A Combination of Speckled Lentiginous Nevus with Patch-type Blue Nevus

A peculiar case of “nevus on nevus” was reported. A 67-year-old man had had a pigmented lesion in the left hypochondrial area since birth. The clinicopathologic findings of the pigmented lesion revealed a combination of speckled lentiginous nevus and patch-type blue nevus. This case of “nevus on nevus” is not described under the term of combined nevus as is current in the literature; it was considered to be a subtype of the type II atypical blue nevus described by Kawamura.     

Toluidine blue cytometry test for sperm DNA conformation: comparison with the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure and TUNEL assays

BACKGROUND: Sperm DNA integrity (SDI) is an important factor in the prognosis of male fertility. Here we compare the toluidine blue (TB) image cytometry test, recently proposed by us for SDI assessment, with two other tests-the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the terminal nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. METHODS: Sperm samples from 35 men were evaluated for standard sperm parameters and subjected to the TB test and SCSA. Eighteen of the 35 samples were also subjected to the TUNEL assay. RESULTS: The proportion of sperm cells with abnormal DNA integrity assayed by the TB test correlated strongly with the proportion of abnormal cells detected by the SCSA and TUNEL assay (rho=-0.84 and rho=0.80, P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the fractions of abnormal cells by the TB test corresponded closely to the sum of two SCSA parameters, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and the fraction of highly DNA-stainable cells (HDS) (medians 33.0 versus 32.0%, P=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal cells in a TB test correspond to the sum of DFI and HDS fractions in the SCSA. TB-positive cells may represent sperm with fragmented DNA and/or abnormal chromatin structure. Because the TB test is an easy and inexpensive method, its potential use as a routine test for sperm DNA integrity, complementary to standard semen parameters, should be investigated further.