Correction of hallux valgus deformity with distal soft tissue realignment and proximal metatarsal osteotomy

Abstract Fifty moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities were corrected with a distal soft tissue realignment and proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy. With an average follow-up of 5.6 years, 40 feet (80%) were pain free and 42 (84%) caused no functional limitation. The average hallux valgus angle improved from 38.2° preoperatively to 12.4° at follow-up. The average intermetatarsal angle improved from 15.4° to 6.8°. The arch of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was 75° preoperatively and 62° at follow-up. According to the AOFAS scoring system, 29 results (58%) were excellent, 14 (28%) good, 2 (4%) fair and 5 (10%) poor. The 5 poor results were attributed to recurrence of hallux valgus (2 cases), stiffness (1), hallux varus (1) and malunion of the osteotomy in dorsiflexion (1). The incidences of hallux varus and malunion in dorsiflexion were 8% and 14%, respectively. This technique is valuable in correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.     

足骨三维有限元模型对足跖骨缺损重建的指导意义

目的用足骨有限元模型模拟、分析多跖骨缺损对足弓的影响,同时,对临床采用带血管自体骨重建后足的功能进行评价。方法在足骼骨三维模型上模拟出胫侧组、腓侧组跖骨正常和缺损不同情况,以有限元法计算足弓应力和位移的改变;并结合临床评价采用自体骨重建后足位移及应力恢复数据和结果。结果多跖骨缺损后,其有限元模型显示:足弓应力和位移发生明显改变,对足功能影响较大,髂骨重建后,足弓及足支撑点恢复,有限元模拟结果及临床随访效果满意。结论通过足骨有限元模型分析,我们认为:前足损伤致足多跖骨缺损临床上应予重建修复,恢复足的三点支撑和足弓。采用带血管游离自体骨加皮瓣组合移植是较为理想的手术方式。     

第一跖楔关节融合治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳

目的探讨第一跖楔关节融合重建足横弓治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳的疗效。方法2003年1月至2005年6月，手术治疗合并第一跖楔关节过度活动、足横弓塌陷的拇外翻患者23例32足，均为女性；年龄46-72岁，平均（60．3±9．3）岁。第一跖骨头下压、外移及旋后并与失稳的第一跖楔关节融合，融合关节采用AO“T”形钢板固定。拇外翻畸形采用改良McBride软组织手术矫形。术后石膏固定6周，随后部分负重2周。结果20例患者28足获得完整随访，随访时间6-22个月，平均13．3个月。X线片显示第一跖楔关节均获得良好融合。拇外翻角从术前的平均51°±12°减小到术后的平均22°±6°；第一、二跖骨间角从术前的平均15°±5°减小到术后的平均9°±4°。患者主观评价，优15足，良9足，可4足，优良率为85．7％。患者前足底疼痛均有明显好转，4足有不同程度的第一跖趾关节疼痛，1足足中部不适，取内固定后消失。结论第一跖楔关节融合治疗拇外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳能很好地纠正足横弓的塌陷、第一跖骨内翻畸形，对恢复第一跖骨头的负重功能有较好的治疗效果。采用钢板内固定能有效提高融合部位的稳定，利于前足的早期负重。     

Growth of the human metatarsal bones in the fetal period (13–24 weeks postconception): a quantitative study

Summary We studied metatarsal growth in 600 metatarsal bones (60 pairs of feet) taken from 60 human fetuses (35 males and 25 females) ranging in age from 13 to 24 weeks postconception. The data obtained for the total length (TL) and for the ossified metatarsal length (OML) were correlated to fetal crown-rump length (C-R). The ossified metatarsal length presented a growth rate greater than the total length growth rate. There was no statistical difference between either the right and left metatarsals or males and females in total length and ossified metatarsal length growth during the period studied. We believe that metatarsal growth curves could be used to monitor fetal foot growth.

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Résumé Nous avons étudié la croissance métatarsienne sur 600 métatarsiens (60 paires de pieds) provenant de 60 foetus humains (35 masculins et 25 féminins) dont l'âge varie de 13 à 24 semaines après la conception. Les données concernant la Longueur Totale et la Longueur Osseuse ont été corrélées à la Longueur Vertex-Coccyx. La Longueur Osseuse a présenté un rythme de croissance plus rapide que la Longueur Totale. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives pour la croissance de la Longueur Osseuse ou de la Longueur Totale ni entre les métatarsiens droits et gauches, ni entre les foetus masculins et féminins durant la période étudiée. Nous pensons que les courbes de croissance métarsienne pourraient être utilisées pour suivre la croissance du pied fetal.

     

Closed Transverse Pinning for Reduction and Fixation of Metatarsal Neck Fractures: Surgical Technique

Most metatarsal neck fractures can be successfully treated non-operatively in a cast boot. Displaced metatarsal neck fractures tend to be less stable and have a propensity for the distal fragment to angulate, secondary to the strong flexor tendons, which often forces the distal fracture fragment in a plantar direction and leads to relative metatarsal shortening. Most literature is focussed on antegrade fixation of metatarsal neck fractures using pre-bent K wires or thin elastic nails. Apart from the technical challenges, this technique is limited when bones are osteoporotic as the pre-bent distal end of the K-wire may penetrate the plantar cortex of the proximal metatarsal and prevent the wire from entering the medullary canal of the metatarsal and advancing to the fracture site. Furthermore, when the medullary canal is narrow especially in Asian patients, it may be difficult to pass a bent K-wire through the isthmus of the metatarsal shaft. We describe an innovative technique of closed transverse wiring of the metatarsal head necks that has a distinct advantage in Asian population with osteoporotic bones. With percutaneous manipulation using digital pressure, closed reduction of fracture fragments of the most displaced fracture is done under fluoroscopic guidance to achieve a satisfactory alignment followed by closed transverse wiring of the metatarsal heads. With this procedure, adjacent fractures remain stable within an acceptable range because of intermetatarsal ligaments connected to the adjacent intact head. Our technique has a relatively short operating time and allows for early motion of the metatarso-phalangeal joint. This is especially useful for those with osteoporosis, narrow canal, soft tissue compromise, intra-operative failure of ante-grade pinning and in scenarios of limited surgical equipment/expertise.     

Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus deformity: Radiological outcome,metatarsal length and early complications in 118 feet

BackgroundScarf osteotomy has been widely used to restore axial orientation of the first ray in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity. The aim of the study was to present our radiological outcomes of bunion reconstruction, identify surgical complications in early follow-up, and assess to what extent a shortening of the first metatarsal is present after surgery as a possible cause of postoperative metatarsalgia.MethodsWe enrolled 106 patients (118 feet) and assessed patients’ pre- and postoperative measurements of hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles on weightbearing X-ray images. Three different methods of measuring metatarsal length were compared and early postoperative complications noted.ResultsHallux valgus angle decreased significantly by an average of 18.7 degrees and the intermetatarsal angle by 7.8 degrees. Using three methods of measuring metatarsal length, all showed significant shortening of the first metatarsal. Mean relative lengthening of the second metatarsal averaged 0.45 mm. The Coughlin method showed the highest interrater reliability (ICC = 0.96).ConclusionsSignificant reduction of the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle was demonstrated with a low complication rate. There was significant shortening of the first metatarsal. The Coughlin method clearly demonstrated an excellent interrater reliability.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

Distal oblique osteotomy versus cheilectomy for moderate-advanced hallux rigidus: A 2-year propensity-score-matched study

BackgroundThe surgical treatment of moderate-advanced hallux rigidus is controversial. Cheilectomy is widely used but has recurrence rates of up to 30%. Dorsal oblique metatarsal osteotomy (DOO) has also shown good results, however, there is no study comparing outcomes of the DOO against cheilectomy.MethodsThis was a retrospective propensity score matched study based on registry data from a single tertiary institution. Between 2007 and 2017, all patients who had undergone dorsal cheilectomy or DOO for hallux rigidus were included. Patients with previous foot surgery, revision surgeries, and concomitant surgical procedures were excluded. Clinical outcomes, complication rates, revision rates and patient satisfaction were assessed at 2 years postoperatively.ResultsThere were 44 patients (34 cheilectomy, 10 DOO). After propensity score matching, 17 cheilectomy and all 10 DOO cases were selected for comparison. Patients in both groups had a significant improvement in visual analogue pain scores (VAS) and AOFAS 1st toe scores 2-years post-operatively (P < 0.001) with high levels of post-operative satisfaction (85.1%). Overall there were no statistically significant differences in post-operative scores, improvement in scores, complication rates, revision rates, and levels of patient satisfaction between groups.ConclusionsBoth the DOO and cheilectomy give similarly good outcomes for moderate-advanced hallux rigidus. Further studies are needed to elucidate differences in indications for each procedure.     

Osteonecrosis of the metatarsal head with exuberant periostitis

Idiopathic necrosis of the metatarsal head is unusual in adulthood. We report five cases of an atypical necrosis of the metatarsal head with a solid periosteal reaction in adults. Different imaging features are reported and diagnosis difficulties are highlighted.     

Second metatarsal free transfer in total temporomandibular joint reconstruction for ankylosis in a child: 10-year follow-up

The management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis requires complete removal of the ankylosed block and the prevention of recurrence. For this purpose, the ramus–condyle unit can be reconstructed with a second metatarsal free flap. This article reports the use of this flap in a young patient treated for left TMJ ankylosis, post costochondral graft for the treatment of hemifacial microsomia. Data from the 10-year follow-up are reported. The glenoid fossa was reconstructed with a graft of the second metatarsal base, enabling the juxtaposition of two cartilaginous joint surfaces, with the aim of optimizing the functional result and preventing the recurrence of ankylosis. At the 10-year follow-up after this surgery, there was no recurrence of the ankylosis and no articular disorder, and the morphological result was satisfactory. Bone fixation was stable over the 10-year period and the metatarsal head was still in place. Quantitative measurements obtained by computed tomography scan did not show any growth of the second metatarsal free flap compared to the right unaffected condylar process.