漂浮膝伴交叉韧带损伤9例的治疗

漂浮膝是指同侧股骨干和胫骨干或相邻的干骺端骨折而导致整个膝关节呈连枷状。骨折多属于高能量损伤，常合并全身多处复合伤，治疗较困难。在漂浮膝中合并膝关节交叉韧带损伤使治疗、康复更困难。复习我科漂浮膝合并交叉韧带损伤9例，现报告如下。     

Role of the pelvic floor in bladder neck opening and closure I: Muscle forces

The aim of the study was to identify the striated muscle forces hypothesized to assist bladder neck opening and closure in females. Cadaveric dissection was used to identify the levator plate (LP), the anterior portion of pubococcygeus muscle (PCM), the longitudinal muscle of the anus (LMA), and their relation to the bladder, vagina and rectum. X-ray video recordings were made during coughing, straining, squeezing and micturition in a group of 20 incontinent patients and 4 controls, along with surface EMG, urethral pressure and digital palpation studies. During effort, urethral closure appeared to be activated by a forward muscle force corresponding to PCM, and bladder neck closure by backward muscle forces corresponding to LP and LMA. During micturition the PCM force appeared to relax, allowing LP and LMA to pull open the outflow tract. The data appear to support the hypothesis of specific directional muscle forces stretching the vagina to assist bladder neck opening and closure.     

MR imaging evaluation of knee collateral ligaments and related injuries: Comparison of T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and fat-saturated T2-weighted sequences—correlation with clinical findings

The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of T1-weighted (T1W), proton density/T2-weighted (PD/T2W), and fat saturation (FS) PD/T2W magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for depiction of the knee collateral ligaments and related injuries, and to compare MR findings with clinical findings. Ten subjects with normal knee ligaments and 64 patients with suspected collateral ligament injuries underwent coronal T1W, PD/T2W, and FS PD/T2W imaging. Abnormalities ranged from edema surrounding the collateral ligaments (grade I) to complete disruption of ligamentous fibers (grade III). FS PD/T2W images improved definition of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) compared with other sequences in 78% and 81% of patients, respectively. While the apparent grade of collateral ligament injury was similar with all pulse sequences in most patients, depiction of such injury was usually most conspicuous on FS PD/T2W images (MCL, 92% of patients; LCL, 38% of patients). In no patients were clinically diagnosed collateral ligament injuries undetected or understaged with MR imaging. MR findings indicated higher-grade MCL and LCL injuries than did clinical examination in 24 and 15 patients, respectively.     

Rotatory palmar subluxation of the lunate in post-traumatic ulnar carpal translocation

Post-traumatic ulnar carpal translocation is a rare, severe ligamentous injury to the wrist. Radiologic findings include widening of the radiocarpal joint space at the radial styloid process and ulnar displacement of the carpus. Less than 50% of the lunate articulates with the radius in the neutral position; the lunate is tilted dorsally with palmar subluxation due to a ruptured radioscapholunate (RSL) ligament. This malposition should be called rotatory palmar subluxation of the lunate (RPSL), by analogy to rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid (RSS). In contrast to dorsiflexed intercalated segment instability (DISI), in RPSL the RSL ligament is ruptured and, in the majority of cases, the scapholunate ligament remains intact. A prompt diagnosis should lead to successful treatment.     

小切口膝后内侧入路手术治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

自2001年3月-2005年10月共收治后交叉韧带损伤患者43例,其中后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者34例,经膝后内侧小切口手术治疗27例,效果良好。1临床资料本组27例,男19例,女8例;年龄23～48岁,平均34岁。致伤原因:摩托车伤22例,其他伤5例。合并半月板损伤14例,合并股骨下端和胫骨上     

张力带治疗后交叉韧带胫止点撕脱骨折

自1999年12月-2004年2月采用切开复位张力带内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫止点撕脱骨折18例，术后骨折愈合良好，关节功能满意，现介绍如下。     

膝关节韧带的生物力学研究进展

膝关节韧带的生物力学是近年来研究的热点之一,力学刺激对调控韧带功能、韧带组织愈合和重建有着重要的作用,作者从膝关节韧带的结构、力学与生化特点、愈合与重建、施加应力与制动对韧带的影响、应力对韧带细胞分化的影响和前交叉韧带与内侧副韧带的对比研究等方面综述了近年来的一些研究进展。     

正常黄韧带中胶原的实验研究

目的研究人正常黄韧带中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原含量,探讨临床意义。方法用盐析法对34个正常黄韧带标本中的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原含量进行测定,并用SDS-PAGE法进行胶原的分型确定。结果正常黄韧带中Ⅰ型胶原含量为8.89±1.13(g/100g湿重黄韧带),Ⅱ型胶原含量为0.51±0.12(g/100g湿重黄韧带),二者有显著差异,P<0.01。结论正常黄韧带中主要胶原为Ⅰ型胶原,Ⅰ型胶原在黄韧带中主要维持其抗张力性能和刚性。     

Synovialisation of the torn anterior cruciate ligament of the knee: comparison between magnetic resonance and arthroscopy

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of MR in the diagnosis of synovialisation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared with arthroscopy. One hundred and forty-nine patients were examined with MR imaging and arthroscopy of the knee. The MR sign used to consider a synovialised ACL consisted of hypointense fibrillar tracts, disrupted and wavily, in its expected course. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), comparison of proportions (McNemar test) and Kappa values for agreement between MR imaging and arthroscopy were calculated. Of the 133 (89.3 %) ligaments without synovialisation at arthroscopy, 130 accorded with the MR results. Of the 16 (10.7 %) synovialised ligaments, 13 accorded with the MR results. Three false-positive and three false-negative MR diagnoses were identified. The agreement between both techniques was excellent (Kappa = 0.79; p = 0.000), without differences (McNemar test; p = 1). Sensitivity was 0.81, specificity 0.98, PPV 0.98 and NPV 0.81. Magnetic resonance imaging is highly reliability for synovialisation diagnosis. The imaging sign used to diagnose synovialised ACL (hypointense comma-like tracts in its expected course) is reliable. As this reparative process can simulate an intact ligament, knowledge of this sign is important in diagnosing synovialisation of ACL tears so as not to confuse it with normal ACL. Received: 17 June 1998; Accepted: 6 August 1998     

”Spinolaminar breach”: an important sign in cervical spinous process fractures

Objective. To report the sign of ”spinolaminar breach” and its likely importance in fractures of the cervical spinous processes. Design. Six cases of spinous process fractures demonstrating disruption of the spinolaminar line or ”spinolaminar breach” were analyzed. Lateral and anteroposterior radiographs (n=6), CT scans (n=3) and MRI scans (n=1) were reviewed together by the authors, with consensus being reached as to the radiographic findings. Clinical records were also reviewed. Results. The levels of injury were C6 (n=5) and C5 (n=2). Injuries were associated with delayed anterior subluxation (n=4) and neurological deficit (n=2). Five patients were male and one was female with a mean age of 31 years (range 8–59 years). Injuries resulted from motor vehicle accidents (n=4), a motor cycle accident (n=1) and a fall (n=1). Conclusion. ”Spinolaminar breach”, or disruption of the spinolaminar line, indicates a complex spinous process fracture with extension into the lamina and spinal canal. Spinous process fractures with spinolaminar breach may have associated posterior ligamentous injury with potential for delayed instability and neurological deficit. It is important that radiologists and physicians caring for the trauma patient be aware of this sign in order to avoid misdiagnosis as a ”clay shoveler’s fracture”, which can lead to adverse outcome. Received: 20 July 1999 Revision requested: 14 September 1999 Revision received: 13 October 1999 Accepted: 26 October 1999