普萘洛尔联合其他治疗措施治疗婴幼儿血管瘤有效率的网状Meta分析

目的:采用网状Meta分析方法,将普萘洛尔联合其他治疗与各对照治疗措施进行对比。方法:以“普萘洛尔”,“血管瘤”为关键词检索CNKI、VIP、万方数据;以“propranolol”“hemangioma”为关键词检索Cochrane Library、Embase、pubmed。检索期限为建库至2019年6月1日。采用STATA14.0软件Network程序包进行数据分析。结果:共纳入18篇文献,涉及8项治疗措施,共纳入1469例血管瘤患者。网状Meta分析结果显示:4种联合治疗方式与单纯口服普萘洛尔相比疗效均优于单纯口服普萘洛尔治疗。普萘洛尔联合注射平阳霉素、普萘洛尔联合外用噻吗洛尔、普萘洛尔联合敷贴器的有效率均优于对应的注射平阳霉素、外用噻吗洛尔及敷贴器。各治疗措施的有效性排序为:普萘洛尔联合敷贴器>普萘洛尔联合外用噻吗洛尔>普萘洛尔联合口服糖皮质激素>普萘洛尔联合注射平阳霉素>敷贴器照射>外用噻吗洛尔>口服普萘洛尔>注射平阳霉素。结论:对于婴幼儿血管瘤的治疗,普萘洛尔联合治疗措施疗效均优于单纯的口服普萘洛尔治疗,其中普萘洛尔联合敷贴器的疗效最佳。     

Ex Vivo Radiation Leads to Opposing Neurite Growth in Whole Ganglia vs Dissociated Cultured Pelvic Neurons

BackgroundProstatic radiation therapy (RT) often causes erectile dysfunction (ED) and the mechanisms governing RT-induced ED are unclear with a lack of therapeutic strategies.AimTo determine the effects of ex vivo RT on major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neuron survival, and neurite growth in whole vs dissociated culture.MethodsMPGs were removed and irradiated (0 or 8 Gy) from male Sprague Dawley rats. For dissociated culture, MPG neurons were digested in collagenase/dispase and cultured on coverslips. Immunofluorescent staining for beta-tubulin III (TUBB3; neuron marker), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; nitrergic marker), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; sympathetic marker), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assessed neurite length, branching, autonomic neuron density, and apoptosis. For whole organ culture, MPGs were grown in Matrigel. Gene expression of apoptotic markers (caspase 1, 3), TUBB3, nNOS, TH, and Schwann cells (Sox10, Krox20, glial fibrillary acid protein) was measured in whole organ cultured MPGs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.OutcomesAfter 72 hours, neurite length, branching, autonomic neuron density, and apoptosis were assessed, and gene expression was measured.ResultsRT increased apoptosis in dissociated neurons measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (P < .001) and whole MPG culture via upregulation of caspase 3 gene expression (P < .05). Nitrergic neurons were markedly decreased in irradiated dissociated culture (P < .05), while nNOS gene expression was upregulated in irradiated whole organ culture (P < .05). The proportion of dissociated sympathetic neurons and whole organ TH gene expression remained unchanged after RT. Interestingly, RT dissociated neurites were 22% shorter than controls, while RT whole organ neurites were 15% longer than controls (P < .01). MPG Schwann cells markers (Sox10, Krox20) were elevated after RT in whole organ culture.Clinical TranslationProstatic RT leads to increased neuronal cell death and less erectogenic nitrergic neurons contributing to ED.Strengths & LimitationsThe advantages of dissociated neuron culture include distinct neurites which are easily measured for apoptosis, length/branching, and specific neuron types. In contrast, whole MPG culture is advantageous as it contains all the supporting cells present in vivo.ConclusionThe 2 different culture methods demonstrated opposing neurite growth after RT indicating the importance of supporting cell network to promote pelvic neuron neuritogenesis and survival following RT.Randolph JT, Pak ES, Koontz BF, et al. Ex Vivo Radiation Leads to Opposing Neurite Growth in Whole Ganglia vs Dissociated Cultured Pelvic Neurons. J Sex Med 2020;17:1423–1433.     

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目的探讨不同时期婴幼儿口腔颌面部血管瘤TRAIL受体DR4、DR5 m RNA的表达及意义。方法本研究于2013年3—10月在中国医科大学中心实验室完成。收集婴幼儿口腔颌面部血管瘤组织标本40例(增殖期血管瘤26例、退化期血管瘤14例),以及正常皮肤组织标本12例,应用RT-PCR检测TRAIL的2个受体DR4和DR5m RNA在其中的分布情况。结果增殖期血管瘤组织中DR4和DR5 m RNA的表达强度显著低于退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织中DR4、DR5 m RNA的表达强度较高,但二者之间差异无统计学意义。结论退化期血管瘤组织DR4和DR5 m RNA表达程度高,与增殖期血管瘤相比,退化期血管瘤可以更多的结合TRAIL,细胞凋亡增多,引发血管瘤消退。     

螺旋CT多时相扫描鉴别诊断肝细胞癌和血管瘤

目的:探讨螺旋CT多时相扫描对肝细胞癌和血管瘤的鉴别诊断。材料和方法:对37例患者(肝癌16例,血管瘤21例)行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,分析其表现。结果:37例平扫均发现低密度灶。肝细胞癌在动脉期75%有显著增强,呈高密度,在门静脉期和延迟期则呈低密度;血管瘤54%动脉期有典型增强表现,门静脉期100%有增强,24%全部填充,延迟期91%为高密度或等密度。结论:肝细胞癌和血管瘤在螺旋CT多时相增强扫描中,各有其典型的CT表现,两者鉴别的关键是门静脉期。     

强脉冲光治疗浅表(皮肤)血管瘤临床观察

目的：观察强脉冲光（IPL）治疗浅表（皮肤）血管瘤的疗效。方法：选择60例浅表（皮肤）血管瘤患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组用535nm、580nm强脉冲光治疗皮损,每三周治疗一次,三次为一个疗程;对照组采用波长为532nm的Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗,每两周治疗一次,三次为一个疗程。观察两组皮损的治愈率、并发症等情况,并行统计学处理。结果：治疗组皮损三次治愈率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,患处瘢痕形成及炎症性色素沉着发生率均低于对照组。结论：强脉冲光（IPLTM）治疗浅表（皮肤）血管瘤效果满意。     

平阳霉素加地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤

目的探讨平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法将平阳霉素8 mg+地塞米松5 mg+2%利多卡因1~2 ml+生理盐水3~8 ml稀释后,行血管瘤内注射至肿胀发白为限,1次平阳霉素用量不超过8 mg。观察2周,视瘤体颜色及硬度决定是否继续用药,直至瘤体开始变硬萎缩为止,平阳霉素注射总量不超过40 mg。近两年来,用该方法治疗1~8个月龄婴幼儿体表增生期血管瘤36例,其中颜面部24例,胸部3例,背部2例,上肢5例,足2例;草莓状血管瘤30例,混合型血管瘤6例。血管瘤最小面积0.6 cm×1.2 cm,最大面积23.0 cm×12.0 cm。结果1次注射治愈2例,2~3次注射治愈25例,4~5次治愈9例,其中局部坏死1例(为足背足底大面积草莓状血管瘤),经换药及手术愈合。随访6~19个月,未见复发,除1例遗留瘢痕外,其余全部无瘢痕愈合。有效率达100%。结论平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤,具有疗效显著、简便易行、安全可靠等优点,是治疗增生期血管瘤首选方法之一,值得推广。     

眶内眼动脉瘤合并脑海绵状血管畸形一例并文献复习

目的探讨眶内眼动脉瘤合并连续出血的脑海绵状血管畸形的临床表现特点和诊治要领。方法报告1例眶内眼动脉瘤并发反复出血的脑海绵状血管畸形患者临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果该患者先行脑海绵状血管畸形切除,分期手术作眶内眼动脉瘤夹闭,治疗结果良好。结论眶内眼动脉瘤极其罕见,应个体化制定治疗方案;手术夹闭动脉瘤颈是眶内眼动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

复方强的松龙治疗混合型血管瘤

复方强的松龙液局部注射治疗混合型血管瘤70例,治愈60例。本法操作简便,值得推广。     

Venous hemangioma of the mesoappendix: Report of a case and a brief review of the Japanese literature

We present herein the rare case of a 48-year-old man in whom an abdominal mass, revealed by celiotomy to be a solid tumor of the mesoappendix, was histologically diagnosed as having a venous hemangioma. To our knowledge, only 18 cases of mesenteric hemangioma have been reported in Japan, including the present case. However, establishing a correct diagnosis preoperatively is extremely difficult despite advanced imaging techniques. In fact, a mesenteric mass was diagnosed preoperatively in only 3 of these 18 cases. Complete excision with or without bowel resection was performed in 16 cases. Interestingly, the histological diagnosis of all the previous cases was cavernous hemangioma, confirming that this report decuments the first case of venous hemangioma of the mesentery in the Japanese literature.