The Effects of X-irradiation on the Antigenic-combining Properties of Some Purified Human-serum Gamma Globulins

Summary

The irradiation in solution of purified, human-serum, gamma globulins with 140 to 280 kr of x-rays resulted in molecular aggregation and in partial loss of immunological precipitating ability. The data suggest that the immunological changes are independent of the aggregation. In one of the proteins studied the immunological changes showed a pronounced delayed effect.     

广东高本底和对照地区居民肺组织中钍同位素含量的测定

本文用放射化学分析和半导体α-谱仪测量的新技术分析测定了广东高本底地区和对照地区民肺蛆织中天然放射性钍同位索的舍量, 并估算了对肺组织的剂量。     

Long-term survival with thorotrast cervical granuloma

Thorium dioxide, a radioactive contrast material, was commonly used for cerebral angiography prior to recognition of its radiation hazard. Extravasation of the material into the extravascular tissue in the neck results in granuloma formation, thorotrastoma, long-term morbidity, and an increased incidence of benign and malignant tumors. We report our experience with the management of 2 patients who underwent cerebral angiography with thorotrast more than 25 years ago. Aggressive surgical excision of involved tissue is warranted to ameliorate symptoms and diminish the risk of malignancy.     

Effect of PSK,a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation,on liver tumors of Syrian hamsters induced by Thorotrast injection

The contrast medium Thorotrast, an agent well known to be carcinogenic, was injected into 400 congeneic Syrian hamsters. The resulting incidence of malignant hepatic tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma, was significantly higher in the male experimental group than in the control group, and the 50% survival period in the male group was shortened by about 100 days (P < 0.01). However administration of the antitumor drug PSK (Polysaccharide Kureha), a protein bound-polysaccharide extracted from basidiomycete fungi, prevented this carcinogenic effect. The incidence of malignant hepatic tumors in the experimental group was 22.5% compared with 2.8% in the control group (P < 0.01) and 10.5% in the PSK-treated group (P < 0.01). PSK also increased the 50% survival period by 61 days (P < 0.01).     

肺内钍沉积量的测量系统在预防尘肺中的作用

目的 探讨肺内钍沉积量的测定及其在预防尘肺中的作用。方法 负高压静电收集呼出气中钍射气子体法测定肺内钍沉积量;尘肺诊断采用双盲法。结果 通过275名矿工中50名0⁺期可疑尘肺患者的X射线胸大片结果发现,当肺内钍尘沉积量达到756mg,就有可能引起0⁺期可疑尘肺。从1名Ⅰ期尘肺矿工肺内钍沉积量连续7年的动态观察发现,其肺内44%的钍半排期为112d,其余56%的钍半排期则接近7 000a。结论 肺内钍沉积量的测定在含钍粉尘所致尘肺中可以起到积极的预防作用;Ⅰ期尘肺患者吸入肺内钍尘的一部分可以排出,但大部分将长期滞留在肺内。根据肺内钍沉积量进行岗位轮换,暂时调离接尘岗位,加强个人防护措施,均能起到防止尘肺发生发展的作用,达到保护工人健康的效果。     

钍在组织细胞中的定位和分辨方法

本文介绍了三种定位和分辨钍在组织细胞中的方法:第一是放射自显影的方法,包括利甩国产核子乳胶进行组织放射自显影和利用硝酸纤维薄膜观察骨磨片在薄膜上形成的固体径迹。它们的径迹可经过计数以确定钍在组织中的数量,第二是利用钍与铀试剂Ⅱ产生显色反应,可分辨出钍在组织细胞中的位置;第三是利用高能电子束轰击某元素而放出特征X线的原理,也就是利用电子探针的X线显微分析法探查在超微切片中钍的存在。这三种方法在应用时都有各自的优缺点。本文都给予了适当的评价。     

Deaths from Neoplasms and Detection of Radionuclides in Excised Human Lungs in the Eordea Basin,Greece

Lignite contains various trace-metal natural radioactive contaminants. In the Eordea Basin, the most important lignite field in Greece, the authors conducted a proportional mortality ratio (PMR) study that compared the mortality rates of individuals who lived in the basin vs. a control group who resided in the city of Kilkis, over a 30-yr period. The following information was used in the study: (a) municipal registrations of deaths from neoplasms during the period from 1971 to 2000, and (b) detection of radioactive substances in samples obtained from excised lungs of individuals living in Eordea Basin who suffered from neoplasm. The corresponding registrations of deaths from neoplasm of the inhabitants of Kilkis, a city located outside the Eordea Basin, formed the control group. A diachronic increase of the PMR was detected as a result of neoplasms and, particularly, as a result of lung cancer in Eordea Basin. However, the above ratio did not exceed the corresponding PMR recorded in Kilkis. In 20 lung samples obtained from patients who had lived in Eordea Basin, and in 19 lung samples from patients in Kilkis, the activity of the radionuclides of uranium and thorium radioactive decay series, potassium-40, and cesium-137 was not higher than expected. No statistically significant difference was found between the inhabitants of the 2 regions, thus it was concluded that the increase in respiratory-system neoplasms was likely associated with the high prevalence of smoking among the regions' inhabitants. In future studies, a longer observation period and examination of more cases will be necessary to further investigate a possible association between radionuclides and lung neoplasms in the Eordea Basin.     

二氧化钍及铁矿粉尘体外诱发金黄地鼠胚胎细胞恶性转化的研究

在初步研究了含二氧化钍的稀土混合矿尘体外诱发金黄地鼠胚胎细胞恶性转化之后。作者进一步观察了二氧化钍及铁矿粉尘诱发金黄地鼠胚胎细胞的恶性转化, 并进一步完善了生物学观察指标。实验结果表明, 不仅二氧化钍和铁矿粉尘混合组, 二氧化钍组细胞发生了恶性转化, 而且铁矿粉组细胞也发生了恶性转化。     

小儿髋关节拍片时对其性腺的防护

本文报道了正常人(非钍尘作业)肋骨中钍核素含量.在27例单样肋骨中²³²Th、²³⁰Th、²²⁸Th的含量范围值(pCikg^-1鲜重)分别为O.25～2.29,O.00～2.15,1.06～15.01.文章中还利用27例样品钍含量的均值估算了骨剂量率和人体内钍含量.并对年龄与钍含量的关系,吸烟和非吸烟与钍含量的关系进行了讨论.     

包钢职工肺癌病例对照研究

为探索包钢男性职工肺癌的诱发因素,本文对1975～1987年问死于肺癌的61名病例及122名对照进行了配对病例对照调查分析。结果显示含钍粉尘、Y外照射,氟化物,芳香烃类溢散物及高硅粉尘等五种包钢主要职业性暴露因素与肺癌均无显著相关性。吸纸烟与肺癌有显著性关联,吸烟斗则未发现类似关联。