B细胞淋巴瘤石蜡包埋组织克隆性重链基因重排检测

目的 探讨克隆性重链基因重排检测在B细胞淋巴瘤(B—NHL)诊断中的价值。方法 用半巢式聚合酶链反应(semi—nested PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)及银染技术，检测经形态学及免疫组织化学确诊的23例B—NHL石蜡包埋组织标本的克隆性免疫球蛋白第三互补决定区(IgHCDR3)重排基因，对照组为7例T细胞淋巴瘤(T—NHL)及6例反应性增生或肉芽肿性淋巴结炎。结果 B—NHL IgHCDR3检出的阳性率87．0％(20／23)，假阳性率7．7％(1／13)，假阴性率13．0％(3／23)。结论 检测克隆性IgHCDR3重排为B—NHL的诊断及鉴别诊断提供有效的辅助手段。     

红毛五加多糖对机体免疫功能的影响

本文研究红毛五加多糖成分对机体免疫功能的影响,实验结果表明红毛五加多糖可激发T、B-淋巴细胞的生物学效益。     

皖南地区336例恶性淋巴瘤回顾性病理分析

本文根据我国恶性淋巴瘤分类的修订洛阳方案对皖南地区1972-1982年336例恶性淋巴瘤进行了回顾性分析。发现其中非何杰金淋巴瘤325例(96.7％),何杰金氏病11例(3.3％)。非何杰金氏淋巴瘤中滤泡型19例(5.8％),弥漫型306例(94.2％),而弥漫型中以B细胞肿瘤(尤以滤泡中心细胞起源的肿瘤)占大多数(240例,73.8％)。T细胞肿瘤为54例(16.6％)。结果与国内各地的报告大致相同。本文还讨论了在应用修订洛阳方案进行恶性淋巴瘤分类过程中遇到的一些问题,着重指出对类型不同、大小不等起源于滤泡中心细胞的肿瘤如何结合其预后,归入适当的亚型是值得研究的问题。     

Functional and surface characteristics of lymphocytes from patients with warm-antibody type autoimmunhemolytic anemia (AIHA)

Summary As part of an overall assessment of immunological function, several aspects of cellular immunity and circulating lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated in a group of 10 patients with idiopathic autoimmunhemolytic anemia (AIHA). The absolute numbers of circulating T and B cells were reduced in the patient group compared to normals. A shift from corticosteroid-sensitive to corticosteroid-resistent and activated cells in the cytogram of clustered Fe-(III)-hydroxide-glucane saccharose labeled T lymphocytes was apparent. In vitro studies of cellular reactivity, as evaluated by PHA, ConA, PWM, antigens and allogeneic cell induced proliferation showed a blend of general or selective depression and sometimes a normal or increased activity with no definite correlation with both the number of circulating T cells and the extent of the hemolytic activity by the disease. The possible significance of the findings is discussed.This work was supported by the Minister für Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes NRW II B8-FA 6438     

Impaired T-lymphocyte function in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia as measured by the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction

The immunological dysfunction observed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is often related to T-lymphocyte incompetence. The local xenogeneic graft-vs.-host reaction (XGVHR), an assay to evaluate T-lymphocyte function, was performed in 112 untreated B-CLL patients. The XGVHR results significantly correlated with clinical parameters: 37.1% of the patients in the stable phase (Rai stage 0–1–2) and only 13.3% of the patients in the progressive phase (Rai stage 3–4) had positive XGVHR results. Patients with negative results had a higher number and percentage of lymphocytes (25 247 vs. 17 071/μl and 75.9% vs. 65.6%, respectively), much lower T/B lymphocyte ratio (0.37 vs. 0.93), higher WBC count (30 977 vs. 23 458/μl), lower platelet count (158 068 vs. 181 684/μl) and lower levels of IgA and IgM (115.6 vs. 200.5 mg/dl and 80.4 vs. 124.3 mg/dl, respectively) compared to those with positive results. Among those with negative XGVHR results, a higher mortality rate was found in those who had infections compared with those who did not (73.7% vs. 9.1%). In conclusion, the XGVHR assay significantly correlates with important characteristics of B-CLL and may be useful in the clinical evaluation of B-CLL patients.     

Atypical B Cell Receptor Signaling: Straddling Immune Diseases and Cancer

The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the survival, proliferation, differentiation and trafficking of lymphocytic. Recent findings associate aberrant BCR signaling with specific disease pathologies, including B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Inhibition of the BCR signaling pathway may therefore provide promising new strategies for the treatment of B-cell diseases. This special issue of International Reviews of Immunology focuses on atypical B-cell receptor signaling, its role in immune diseases and cancer, and its implications for potential therapeutic intervention.     

Zinc transporter SLC39A10/ZIP10 facilitates antiapoptotic signaling during early B-cell development

The immune system is influenced by the vital zinc (Zn) status, and Zn deficiency triggers lymphopenia; however, the mechanisms underlying Zn-mediated lymphocyte maintenance remain elusive. Here we investigated ZIP10, a Zn transporter expressed in the early B-cell developmental process. Genetic ablation of Zip10 in early B-cell stages resulted in significant reductions in B-cell populations, and the inducible deletion of Zip10 in pro-B cells increased the caspase activity in parallel with a decrease in intracellular Zn levels. Similarly, the depletion of intracellular Zn by a chemical chelator resulted in spontaneous caspase activation leading to cell death. Collectively, these findings indicated that ZIP10-mediated Zn homeostasis is essential for early B-cell survival. Moreover, we found that ZIP10 expression was regulated by JAK-STAT pathways, and its expression was correlated with STAT activation in human B-cell lymphoma, indicating that the JAK-STAT-ZIP10-Zn signaling axis influences the B-cell homeostasis. Our results establish a role of ZIP10 in cell survival during early B-cell development, and underscore the importance of Zn homeostasis in immune system maintenance.Zinc (Zn) has wide-ranging effects on immunity. Zn deficiency has uncovered the importance of Zn homeostasis in immune cell maintenance and function (1). Dramatic effects of Zn on immunity have been observed in several immune and allergy-related cells, including lymphocytes such as B cells (2–6). B cells develop in the bone marrow (BM); the initial commitment to pro-B cells is followed by their differentiation into pre-B cells, and subsequently into immature B cells, which express the B-cell receptor on their surface (7). The immature B cells reach the spleen as transitional B cells, further differentiating into follicular or marginal zone mature B cells (7). Although the perturbation of Zn homeostasis causes splenic atrophy associated with lymphocyte reduction, and compromises cellular and humoral immune responses (6), the mechanisms underlying how Zn controls immune cell function, and in particular, the impact on early B-cell development, have been largely unknown.Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by Zn transporter family members, Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs, Zn importers) and zinc transporters (ZnTs, Zn exporters) (8), and recent studies revealed that alterations in Zn homeostasis mediated by specific Zn transporters play indispensable roles in a variety of cellular events (9). The intestinal Zn transporter ZIP4 is important for the initial absorption of dietary Zn, and patients with mutations in the SLC39A4/ZIP4 gene suffer from the inherited disorder acrodermatitis enteropathica (10, 11). ZIP13 controls the formation of bone, teeth, and connective tissues by modulating BMP/TGF-β signaling (12), and its loss-of-function mutation causes spondylocheiro dysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in humans (12, 13). ZIP14 controls systemic growth by regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling (14), and ZIP8 is involved in osteoarthritis (15) and negatively manipulates NF-κB activation (16). In addition, ZnT5 regulates cytokine production by controlling the activation of protein kinase C upon antigen exposure in mast cells (17). Thus, Zn homeostasis mediated by Zn transporters is linked to a wide variety of biological and regulatory functions, and the disruption of a Zn transporter-Zn axis can lead to various symptoms in the absence of redundant machinery (18).Here we demonstrate a definitive role of ZIP10 in early B-cell development. We found that a loss of ZIP10 during an early B-cell stage specifically abrogated cell survival, resulting in the absence of mature B cells, which led to splenoatrophy and reduced Ig levels. The inducible deletion of Zip10 in pro-B cells increased the caspase activity because of the reduced intracellular Zn level, leading to cell death. This phenomenon was mimicked by the intracellular chelation of Zn. These findings indicated that Zn homeostasis via ZIP10 plays an indispensable role in early B-cell survival. We also demonstrated that the ZIP10 expression levels were regulated by STAT3/STAT5 activation, and that ZIP10 was highly expressed in human B-cell lymphoma samples in which both STAT proteins were activated, indicating that the JAK-STAT-ZIP10-Zn signaling axis is important for B-cell maintenance. Our results establish a functional link between ZIP10 and the survival of early stages of B cells, revealing a molecular mechanism underlying the requirement of Zn for maintenance of the immune system.     

重组CYP2D26主要B细胞表位在II型自身免疫性肝炎小鼠模型构建中的效应研究

目的 研究在大肠杆菌中以重组病毒样颗粒形式表达的人Ⅱ型自身免疫性肝炎标志蛋白 CYP2D6主要抗原表位aa262-270免疫小鼠后对构建小鼠自身免疫性肝炎模型的效应.方法 设计人Ⅱ型自身免疫性肝炎标志蛋白主要抗原表位aa262-270 (WDPAQPPRD)的下负链寡核苷酸片段,经退火后插入表达乙肝核心蛋白 HBcAg的质粒pNP中(pNP质粒由pThioHisA质粒插入HBcAg基因片段构建而成).构建成质粒pNP-AIH2;转染大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞;以IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,经硫酸铵沉淀、洗涤,密度梯度离心纯化和脱盐后,肌肉注射免疫小鼠3次,以ELISA和western blot检测免疫后小鼠特异性抗体的产生和水平,通过转氨酶检测和肝脏石蜡切片HE染色观察炎症反应.结果 SDS-PAGE结果显示重组菌诱导表达的目的蛋白分子量为19kD,与预期相符;电镜证实其以可溶性的病毒样颗粒形式存在;ELISA显示,免疫小鼠血.清与包被的肝脏匀浆蛋白特异反应,检测到持续存在的特异抗体,滴度至少为1∶2000; western blot检测表明,抗血清在分子量约为55 kD的地方产生了一个特异的条带,与小鼠CYP2D6蛋白大小一致.与正常对照相比,实验组小鼠转氨酶水平未明显升高,肝切片HE染色没有观测到明显的病理特征.结论 携带人Ⅱ型自身免疫性肝炎标志蛋白 CYP2D26主要表位的病毒样颗粒免疫小鼠后,可刺激产生较强的特异抗体水平,但在观测时间内,未见诱导小鼠产生明显的肝脏炎症反应.     

滤泡型淋巴瘤中t(14;18)染色体易位的分析及其临床意义

目的探讨滤泡型淋巴瘤（FL）的分子遗传学特征及其在病理诊断中的意义。方法收集55例FL石蜡标本,对照组小B细胞淋巴瘤28例和反应性滤泡增生（RFH）10例,应用套式PCR技术检测FL中,免疫球蛋白重链基因（IgH）的克隆性重排;应用标准PCR技术检测55例FL中t（14;18）易位,以10例RFH做对照;采用双色荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术检测20例淋巴结FL中t（14;18）易位,以4例RFH作为对照;并与PCR检测结果进行比较。结果（1）55例FL中,结内49例,结外6例。男性33例,女性22例,男女比为1．5：1。发病年龄36—79岁（中位年龄57岁）;FL分级：FL1—3分别为25例、19例和11例。（2）55例中50例（90％）检出β-肌动蛋白（actin）,该50例中FR3A阳性24例（48％）,FR2阳性25例（50％）,其中15例（30％）呈FR3A和FR2双阳性,共34例（68％）IgH基因重排。对照组小B细胞淋巴瘤28例中,25例检出β—actin,其中FR3A阳性18例（64％）,FR2阳性17例（61％）,共24例（86％）可检测出克隆性IgH基因重排。4例RFH均未检出IgH基因重排。（3）在44例结内FL中检出15例（34％）t（14;18）易位,其中14例在MBR,1例在mcr。（4）20例中,有16例（80％）可检出t（14;18）易位。结论（1）IgH克隆性重排在FL中的检测率比其他小B淋巴细胞低。（2）FISH检测石蜡包埋组织中t（14;18）易位有助于FL的诊断。FISH比PCR的敏感性更好,操作简便,可用于检测石蜡包埋组织中的分子遗传学改变。