The Using of Concrete Wash Water from Ready Mixed Concrete Plants in Cement Systems

Concrete plants accumulate large amounts of concrete wash water. This water, which pH is highly alkaline, has a negative impact on the environment. Its reuse in fresh concrete slightly reduces its mechanical properties. The combination of concrete wash water and zeolitic by-product led to an increase of 4.6% in the compressive strength at 7 days hydration and up to 30% at 28 days hydration. The same combination led to the denser microstructure compared to the samples made with concrete wash water. This could be explained by the pozzolanic reaction of the zeolitic by-product. The complex chemical reactions of cement, zeolitic by-product, and fines presented in the concrete wash water occurred. Therefore, it was suggested the reusing method of concrete wash water together with zeolitic by-product in the fresh concrete mixtures by substituting some amount of tap water with concrete wash water. In this way, the consumption of tap water is possible to reduce in cement systems.     

新型四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗消毒中的应用研究

摘要〓目的〓研究四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线擦拭法清洗消毒中的应用效果。方法〓通过目测法和ATP生物荧光法,对本研究的四腔水箱用于腹外科腔镜电凝线的清洗效果进行评价。结果〓传统治疗碗清洗的206件腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为86.4%,四腔水箱清洗的206件腹腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为94.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。用四腔水箱清洗腔镜电凝线擦拭过程中的护理人员满意度较高。结论〓四腔水箱可提高腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗质量和护理人员满意度。     

环境水样中痕量铜的浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱测定法

目的建立环境水样中痕量铜的浊点萃取(cloud point extraction,CPE)-火焰原子吸收光谱(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)测定法。方法样品在p H 9.5的条件下,加入0.4 ml的1 mmol/L 2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)溶液,0.1%氯化钙溶液0.1 ml,5%(W/V)Triton X-114溶液0.8 ml,40℃加热15 min后离心,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果在2~240μg/L的线性范围内,所得回归方程为A=0.002 7c+0.024 6,r=0.995 8。以3倍信噪比计算,方法的检出限为0.62μg/L,富集倍数为36.58倍,平均加标回收率为96.28%~98.08%,RSD为1.67%~3.13%。结论该方法简单、灵敏,具有良好的重现性,适用于环境水样中痕量铜的测定。     

Medical waste management and environmental assessment in the Rio University Hospital,Western Greece

At this study a multi-criteria model was developed to examine the available procedures, techniques and methods of handling infectious waste in the large healthcare unit of University Regional General Hospital of Patras, Western Greece. Particularly, this study examined the: a) current legislation and Directives issued for medical waste management at Greece and among the other EU-members, b) contribution of healthcare wastes (HCW) generation rate on social and economic parameters in selected European countries, c) available procedures, techniques, and methods upon the disposal of infectious wastes at the healthcare studied, and, d) propositions for integrated management of such hazardous wastes. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology was applied under pair wise comparison matrices in two stages: 1) the scale factors and the indicators, and 2) the criteria and their sub–criteria. The assessment of these pair wise matrices included the indicators and the sub–criteria. Subsequently, two pair wise comparison matrices, upon a) the “Fulfillment of environmental objectives” indicator and b) the “Energy consumption” sub criterion, were denoted. The AHP methodology yielded good results; however there is still space of improving the environmental performance. The normalized relative weights obtained for the criteria and sub criteria motivated specific actions that have to be handled. Particularly, the results indicated a very good value in environmental management criteria due the values obtained for the commitment towards the environmental policy standards and the waste management procedures. However, further improvements on staff awareness (such as development programs to enhance sensitivity) and more green purchasing suppliers, should be further addressed.     

A Well-Balanced Positivity-Preserving Quasi-Lagrange Moving Mesh DG Method for the Shallow Water Equations

A high-order, well-balanced, positivity-preserving quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method is presented for the shallow water equations with non-flat bottom topography. The well-balance property is crucial to the ability of a scheme to simulate perturbation waves over the lake-at-rest steady state such as waves on a lake or tsunami waves in the deep ocean. The method combines a quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method, a hydrostatic reconstruction technique, and a change of unknown variables. The strategies in the use of slope limiting, positivity-preservation limiting, and change of variables to ensure the well-balance and positivity-preserving properties are discussed. Compared to rezoning-type methods, the current method treats mesh movement continuously in time and has the advantages that it does not need to interpolate flow variables from the old mesh to the new one and places no constraint for the choice of a update scheme for the bottom topography on the new mesh. A selection of one- and two-dimensional examples are presented to demonstrate the well-balance property, positivity preservation, and high-order accuracy of the method and its ability to adapt the mesh according to features in the flow and bottom topography.     

Synthesis of 13C-labeled parabens from isotopically enriched phenols using the Houben–Hoesch reaction

Parabens are antimicrobial additives found in a wide array of consumer products. However, the halogenated compounds formed from parabens during wastewater disinfection are a potential environmental concern. In order to identify these transformation products and investigate their mechanism of formation, a synthetic route to ethyl parabens labeled with the stable isotope carbon-13 at specific positions within the benzene ring was developed. This efficient two-step procedure starts from commercially available ¹³C-labeled phenols and involves (1) initial acylation of the phenol via a Houben–Hoesch reaction with trichloroacetonitrile followed by (2) a modified haloform reaction of the resulting trichloromethyl ketone to afford the corresponding ¹³C-labeled ethyl parabens in 65%–80% overall yield. The scope of the modified haloform reaction was also investigated, allowing for the synthesis of other parabens derived from primary or secondary alcohols, including ¹³C- and deuterium-labeled esters. In addition, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be formed directly from the common trichloromethyl ketone intermediate upon treatment with lithium hydroxide. This protocol complements existing methods for preparing ¹³C-labeled paraben derivatives and offers the specific advantages of exhibiting complete regioselectivity in the Houben–Hoesch reaction (to form the para-disubstituted product) and avoiding the need for protecting groups in the modified haloform reaction that forms the paraben esters.     

亚慢性硝酸钇暴露对雌性大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的：观察稀土化合物硝酸钇[Y（NO₃）₃]亚慢性（90 d）暴露对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响，并探究其可能的机制，为全面评估稀土元素钇的健康风险提供科学依据。方法：选用刚离乳（PND21）SD雌性大鼠，根据质量随机分为4组，分别为对照组（ddH₂O），Y（NO₃）₃低剂量组[10 mg/（kg·d）]、中剂量组[40 mg/（kg·d）]和高剂量组[160 mg/（kg·d）]，每组15只。连续灌胃受试物90 d后进行旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验、转棒实验、Morris水迷宫实验。水迷宫检测后，每组取5只雌鼠心脏原位灌注，进行脑组织病理学检查。每组剩余10只雌鼠摘取脑组织，紫外分光光度计检测雌鼠大脑皮质和海马中谷氨酸（Glu）的含量；Western blot检测海马组织中N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体蛋白表达情况。结果：与对照组相比，硝酸钇90 d暴露后，转棒实验中160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠在棒时间、在棒圈数、掉落速度明显升高（P<0.05）。在Morris水迷宫定位航向实验第4天时，40、160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显降低（P<0.05）；Morris水迷宫空间探索实验中，40 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠穿越平台次数、目标象限游泳时间明显增加（P<0.05）；160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组穿越平台次数、进入目标象限次数、目标象限游泳时间明显增加（P<0.05）；160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠东北、东南、西南象限的逃避潜伏期明显低于西北象限的逃避潜伏期（P<0.05）。160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠海马中Glu含量和NMDA受体NR1含量均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。40和160 mg/（kg·d）剂量组大鼠海马中NMDA受体NR2A含量明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：硝酸钇亚慢性（90 d）暴露可以引起雌性大鼠空间学习记忆能力增强；硝酸钇可能通过降低海马组织神经元细胞外Glu含量，抑制NMDA受体激活，增强雌性大鼠的空间学习记忆能力。     

活血利水法在骨伤科疾病中的应用

基于骨伤疾病瘀血内阻的重要病机和现代医家"治血重治水"的学术观点,探索概括了活血利水法在骨伤疾病中的应用现状,结合现代医学的认识,全方位分析了活血利水法的优势和缺点。活血利水法可应用于骨折、筋伤等骨伤科大部分疾病及骨伤科疾病的围手术期,能改善肢体肿胀,促进伤口愈合,便于患者早期功能康复,但目前的临床应用尚缺乏统一的规范和标准,且处方不良反应尚未完全阐明。