转化生长因子β1对香烟诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶表达的影响

目的：探讨转化生长因子（TGF）-β1对香烟诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶（γ-GCS）和活化蛋白(AP)-1亚单位c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响。方法:通过支气管肺泡灌洗获取大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞，随机分为对照组、香烟组和TGF-β1组。TGF-β1组加入终浓度为3 μg/L的TGF-β1,2 h后除对照组外，余2组均加入香烟烟雾提取物,对照组加入磷酸盐缓冲液。分别用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和免疫细胞化学方法检测肺泡巨噬细胞中γ-GCSh(重链亚单位)及c-fos mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:香烟组γ-GCSh和c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组(分别P<0.05,P<0.01)。TGF-β1组γ-GCSh mRNA及其蛋白表达水平明显低于香烟组(均P<0.01)；而c-fos mRNA及其蛋白表达水平明显高于香烟组(均P<0.01)。结论:转化生长因子-β1参与香烟所致慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺氧化/抗氧化失衡的发病机制。     

Ras homolog gene family H (RhoH) deficiency induces psoriasis-like chronic dermatitis by promoting TH17 cell polarization

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Human multiple myeloma cells express peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and undergo apoptosis upon exposure to PPARgamma ligands

Multiple myeloma is essentially an incurable malignancy and it is therefore of great interest to develop new therapeutic approaches. We previously reported that human B cell-lymphomas express the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and are killed by PPARgamma ligands. Herein, we investigate the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma ligands for multiple myeloma. The human multiple myeloma cell lines ANBL6 and 8226 express PPARgamma mRNA and protein. The PPARgamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone, induced multiple myeloma cell apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase activation. Importantly, the ability of PPARgamma ligands to kill both multiple myeloma cell lines was not abrogated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multiple myeloma growth survival factor. Finally, the RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) in combination with PPARgamma ligands greatly enhanced multiple myeloma cell killing. These new findings support that PPARgamma ligands may represent a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.     

A rapid method for the inactivation of virus infectivity prior to assay for interferons

Virus infectivity in samples of culture medium or suspensions of animal tissue which are required for interferon assay can be rapidly and conveniently inactivated by overnight incubation with beta-propiolactone (BPL). As BPL hydrolyses spontaneously samples can be assayed with no further treatment. BPL does not affect the interfering activity of alpha, beta or gamma mouse interferons.     

急性分离的大鼠骶髓后连合核神经元由抑制性氨基酸诱导的电流反应(英文)

应用制霉菌素穿孔全细胞电压钳技术．在急性分离的大鼠骶髓后连合核（SDCN）神经元上，研究抑制性氨基酸诱导的反应的电生理学和药理学特性。当钳制电压为-40mV时，γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、甘氨酸（Gly）和牛磺酸（Tau）均诱导产生内向电流。它们的EC50值分别是GABA5．2×10-5M，Gly4．0×10-5M及Tau1．6×10-4M。其Hill系数分别为GABA1．21，Gly1．27和Tau1．23。所有这些电流均在膜电位为-1．8mV左右时翻转。此外．Tau和Gly反应问还存在很强的交叉脱敏。结果提示，GABAA，Gly和Tau作为递质，通过受体Cl-通道复合体．在调节SDCN社经元伤害性传递中可能有重要作用。     

Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide VIP-like activity in the rat small intestine

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nerve processes and cell bodies were identified by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in the rat small intestine. Labeled nerve processes were numerous in the inner circular smooth muscle coat and mainly in the mucosa, but were absent in the longitudinal muscle layer. Submucosal blood vessels were often surrounded by immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide positive nerves, in close associations (distance less than 40 mn) to blood vessel basement membranes and to smooth muscle cells. In the ganglia of the myenteric and submucous plexuses, labeled fibers surrounded unstained neural cell bodies. The synaptic vesicles of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide positive terminals were 35-40 nm in diameter and some dense core vesicles (80-120 nm in diameter) were also observed in the same profiles. These observations suggest that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nerves may participate in regulating smooth muscle activity and local blood flow in the small intestine.     

抗纤维化细胞因子对TGF-β1基因启动转录活性的影响

转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1)是一类现已明确的致纤维化细胞因子,具有广泛的生物学效应,对细胞外基质(ECM)基因表达、降解、细胞增殖分化、凋亡及免疫功能都具有重要调节作用。前期我们研究发现,TGF-β1启动调控序列中单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点-509C>T与肝纤维化进展及血浆中TGF-β1浓度有明显的相关性。本研究旨在探讨抗纤维化细胞因子(IL-10、HGF、IFN-γ)对含TGF-β1基因-509C>T启动调控序列活性的影响。我们以特定-509C>T基因型患者DNA为模板,用PCR方法扩增得到一对长度为2.14kb(-1328~+812)含有-509C>T变异的TGF-β1上游基因片段,并将其与不含启动子的pCAT3-enhancer报告基因载体重组,构建重组体phT-GF2.14C和phTGF2.14T。用脂质体转染法将两种重组体分别转染至正常人肝脏细胞中,分别用IL-10(4ng/ml)、HGF(10ng/ml)、IFN-γ(20ng/ml)干预转染后细胞。ELISA法测定转染细胞的报告基因CAT活性。结果表明:肝细胞转染重组体phTGF2.14C细胞的CAT活性明显高于转染重组体phTGF2.14T(t=12.5882,P=0.0002)。IFN-γ对TGF-β1基因启动子phTGF2.14C、phTGF2.14T均具有显著抑制作用。细胞因子IL-10和HGF对其调控作用不显著。TGF-β1基因-509C>T中C等位基因可明显增强TGF-β1基因上游启动调控序列的转录活性,IFN-γ作为一种抗纤维化细胞因子在基因转录水平对含有两种等位基因-509C>T的TGF-β1基因上游启动调控序列均具有抑制作用。而作为抗纤维化细胞因子的IL-10与HGF在2.14Kb(-1328~+812)区域内对TGF-β1基因上游启动调控序列的作用不显著。     

Synaptic organization of excitatory and inhibitory boutons associated with spinal neurons which project through the dorsal columns of the cat

The cell bodies and proximal dendrites of postsynaptic dorsal column neurons were examined for synaptic boutons which displayed immunoreactivity for the principal excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA. The neurons were labelled by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and GABA or glutamate-containing boutons were revealed by performing postembedding immunogold reactions on electron microscope sections. Five neurons were examined and all of them were postsynaptic to boutons which contained either GABA or glutamate. Quantitative analysis of two of the cells revealed that more than 90% of the synaptic profiles associated with them displayed immunogold reactions for these transmitters. Analysis of series of alternate sections, which were reacted for either GABA or glutamate, showed that there was no overlap in the populations of immunoreactive boutons. Furthermore, GABA and glutamate immunoreactions were associated with boutons which had different morphological characteristics. In addition, some large glutamate-enriched boutons were postsynaptic to small boutons which displayed immunogold reactions for GABA. This study demonstrates morphological bases for direct excitation, postsynaptic inhibition and presynaptic inhibition of postsynaptic dorsal column cells.     

PPAR-γ的激动剂抑制肺癌细胞生长的实验研究

目的　研究肺癌细胞上过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPAR γ)的表达及其经配体 (激动剂 )活化后抑制肺癌细胞生长的机制。方法　以RT PCR和Westernblot检测肺癌细胞上PPAR γ的表达 ,并通过MTT和细胞计数检测经PPAR γ的激动剂作用后的细胞增殖情况 ,以TUNEL检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果　两种细胞上均有PPAR γ的表达 ;PPAR γ的配体作用后明显抑制细胞生长 ,且与时间和剂量有关 ;经配体活化的PPAR γ能诱导细胞凋亡 ,使其增殖受抑。结论　作为肺癌治疗的新靶点———PPAR γ在肺癌细胞上表达 ,且经配体活化后能通过诱导凋亡而抑制肺癌细胞的生长 ,从而为未来肺癌的治疗提供了新的途径