The Protective Roles of Exercise and Maintenance of Daily Living Routines for Chinese Adolescents During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period

PurposeAdolescents are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 quarantine periods and may be at risk for developing psychological distress symptoms that extend beyond a crisis, including depression. This study examined adolescents’ postquarantine depressive symptoms associated with pandemic stressors. The primary aim was to identify potential protective factors that may buffer the association between the presence of COVID-19 cases in adolescents’ communities and their postquarantine depressive symptoms.MethodsAdolescents from public schools were recruited from Zhengzhou city, Henan, China (N = 1,487, M_age=13.14 years, 50% girls). Adolescents reported the presence of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases in their communities, their daily activities and routines during the 2-month quarantine period, and depressive symptoms after the quarantine period.ResultsThe presence of cases in adolescents’ communities during the quarantine contributed to more depressive symptoms in adolescents after the quarantine. This association was buffered by adolescents’ spending more time on physical activities and better maintenance of daily living routines during the quarantine period. The presence of community infection was also more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adolescents.ConclusionsThe presence of COVID-19 cases in communities contributed to adolescents’ poorer mental health, and the association was stronger for older adolescents. Spending time on physical activities and maintaining daily living routines during the quarantine appear to be practical strategies that can be used by adolescents to mitigate the association between pandemic stressors and their diminishing mental health.     

新冠疫情期间检疫隔离人群焦虑和抑郁状况调查研究

目的了解新冠病毒疫情期间检疫隔离群体心理状况,为心理干预提供参考。方法调查纳入2020年4月7日-5月26日期间由境外或重点疫区进入深圳的定点酒店检疫隔离人员,隔离人员需在隔离开始24 h内完成心理筛查。共收集调查问卷2219份,最后得到1705人填写的合格问卷,有效回收率为76.8%。采用健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对检疫隔离人群进行心理问题筛查,统计方法包括t检验、方差分析及Pearson相关性分析、Logistic回归等。结果检疫隔离者抑郁、焦虑的检出率分别是15.8%、14.8%,多元Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.526)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.273;OR=3.148)是检疫隔离者焦虑的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.422;OR=0.305)是检疫隔离者焦虑的保护因素;女性(OR=1.323)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.387;OR=3.153)是检疫隔离者出现抑郁的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.627;OR=0.373)是检疫隔离者抑郁的保护因素。结论新型冠状肺炎疫情期间,检疫隔离者出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁表现,需重点加强对女性、经济条件差、对隔离态度较差人群的心理疏导与社会支持。     

120年来中国卫生检疫

回顾了中国国境卫生检疫自１８７３年以来１２０多年间各个时期的历史进程,着重阐述了新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,国境卫生检疫事业在中国共产党的方针政策指引下,组织建设、业务建设、思想建设各方面的迅速发展。检疫机构从１７个海港发展到海陆空全方位的１９２个国境口岸（１９９２年底止）,检疫业务从检疫查验扩大到疾病监测、媒介控制、进口食品监督检验等多项内容。为防止传染病传人和传出,改善国境口岸和交通工具的卫生面貌,做出重要的贡献。国境卫生检疫是国家卫生大门的一个坚强岗哨并已成为预防医学的一个重要学科。其成长与壮大,是我国卫生防疫事业的对外窗口,更是国际卫生保健合作重要的一环。     

SARS病例的流行病学生存分析及对卫生检疫的影响

〔目的〕研究SARS病例生存时间的影响因素,并探讨对口岸卫生检疫的影响。〔方法〕对119例SARS病例进行描述性流行病学调查分析,运用统计学单因素方差分析、卡方检验、Kaplan-Meier和CoxRegession生存分析方法进行研究。〔结果〕119例SARS病例以发热(97.48%)和咳嗽(42.02%)为最常见始发症状,入院平均体温为38.28±0.86℃;平均住院时间是47.75d(95%的可信区间为43.50￣52.00d);男性与女性间平均住院时间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.1918);65岁(含65岁)以上年龄组及65岁以下年龄组死亡率分别为38.50%和4.72%,两者差异有极显著性(P<0.001)。〔结论〕SARS具有人群普遍易感性,以年龄对死亡的影响最为显著。对重点人群应加强口岸卫生检疫,完善口岸体温监测系统;检疫人员应做好个体防护。     

新公布的卫生检疫行业标准存在的问题探讨

〔目的〕了解新公布卫生检疫行业标准的总体情况,以便更好地执行标准。〔方法〕对部分卫生检疫行业标准进行归类比较以及在实际使用标准过程中发现的问题进行综合评价。〔结果〕发现存在着标准名称的命名未尽规范、格式不统一、内容重复、个别条款过于理论化、标准之间衔接不足、对同一术语或定义的表述有差异等问题。〔结论〕应加强对卫生检疫行业标准的起草和评审工作的管理,及时对存在问题的标准进行修订,以充分发挥标准的作用。     

用法律保障和规范口岸卫生检疫工作的外部协作

[目的]探讨通过对卫生检疫法律法规的修订,进一步规范、完善卫生检疫工作与有关部门的协作关系,以保证口岸卫生检疫措施得到有效落实,确保国境口岸的卫生安全。[方法]从卫生检疫工作出发,根据当前卫生检疫机关与有关部门在实际工作中的协作情况,分析协作过程中存在的问题并提出建议。[结果]《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则在规定与有关部门协作的内容中,存在着个别条款不完善、某些协作环节未做出规定以及在实际工作中难于执行的情况。[结论]口岸卫生检疫工作外部协作机制的建立,应从法律上予以保障和规范。     

Minimizing the risk of community spread of COVID-19 via institutional quarantine of high-risk travelers with serial viral RNA testing: A successful experience from Macao SAR,China

Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land area of 32.9 square kilometers in 2019. Since the first case diagnosed on January 22, 2020, there was a total of 45 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Macao, of which 43 patients (96%) were imported cases. To date, all patients had been discharged successfully from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, a designated hospital to manage all COVID-19 patients in Macao. Eventually, no patient died, and no local community outbreak was noted. This opinion review describes the underlying factors that could have contributed to the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, which include the following: (1) Early implementation of containment measures; (2) Large-scale quarantine using hotel rooms to reduce the risk of a local outbreak; and (3) Multidisciplinary co-operation and transparency of information to the public. Although the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, may not be generalized to other regions, it should not be unreasonable to be well prepared with sufficient logistic support to conduct timely containment and early detection of episodic cases to prevent the backsliding of COVID-19 outbreak.     

A New Measure for Assessing the Public Health Response to a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak

Contact monitoring is an essential component of the public health response to a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, and is required for an effective quarantine to contain the epidemic. The timeliness of a quarantine is associated with its effectiveness. This paper provides a conceptual framework to describe the process of contact monitoring, and proposes a new measure called the “timely quarantined proportion” as a tool to assess the adequacy of a public health response.