医科职业中专生与医科本科生孤独,抑郁,自尊状况的比较研究

目的探讨医科职业高中生与医科本科生的心理健康状况的差异。方法采用ＵＣＬＡ、自尊量表、抑郁量表、感情与社会孤独量表及自编情况调查表对３５０名在校职业高中医士班、医学院本科学生进行评定。结果职业高中学生的孤独及抑郁量表得分高于医学院学生，自尊量表得分低于医学院学生。职高组轻度和中度抑郁占４２．６２％，大学组轻度和中度抑郁占２０％。结论职业高中学生心理健康水平低于医学本科生     

警察的孤独感状况及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨警察的孤独感状况及其与心理健康、应对方式、社会支持的相关关系。方法：采用UCLA孤独量表，SCL-90症状自评量表，TCSQ特质应对方式问卷和PsSS领悟社会支持量表。对某市区公安分局884名公安干警进行调查。结果：派出所警察的孤独感明显高于机关干警。50—59岁组警察的孤独感明显低于其他年龄段。警察的孤独感与警种、积极应对、社会支持显著负相关，与消极应对及SCL-90得分显著正相关。年龄、婚姻状况、应对方式、社会支持以及SCL-90总分是影响警察孤独感的显著因素。结论：警察的孤独感程度较高。50岁以下的派出所民警，尤其是婚姻不稳定者是孤独敏感群体。警察的孤独感与应对方式、社会支持及心理健康水平相互影响。     

Loneliness,social support,social isolation and wellbeing among working age adults with and without disability: Cross-sectional study

BackgroundLoneliness is significantly related to health and wellbeing. However, there is little information on the prevalence of loneliness among people with disability or the association between disability, loneliness and wellbeing.Objective/hypothesisFor a nationally representative sample of adults (age 16–64) with/without disability, to examine exposure to three indicators of low social connectedness (loneliness, low perceived social support, social isolation), and to evaluate the association between low social connectedness and wellbeing. To test whether disability status moderated the relationship between low social connectedness and wellbeing.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from three annual rounds of the cross-sectional English Community Life Survey (CLS) 2016–19.ResultsPeople with disability experienced loneliness, low perceived social support and social isolation at significantly higher rates than people without disability. Effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. Disability was associated with lower wellbeing. With one exception, low social connectedness was associated with lower wellbeing. Again, effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness was highest among adults with disability who were younger, economically inactive, living in rented or other accommodation, living alone and with low levels of access to environmental assets. There was no evidence that disability status moderated the association between exposure to low social connectedness and low wellbeing.ConclusionsLoneliness was a particularly significant driver of poor wellbeing among people with disability. The relative independence between different indicators of social connectedness suggests that interventions to reduce loneliness will need to do more than simply increase rates of social contact or social support.     

How are bariatric patients coping during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? Analysis of factors known to cause weight regain among postoperative bariatric patients

BackgroundThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc on society. Bariatric patients are more prone to severe infection due to their high body mass index (BMI) and are more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, such as depression or disruption of their health habits.ObjectivesTo quantify the impact of self-quarantine on bariatric patients and self-quarantine’s relationship with weight gain.SettingAcademic hospital, United States.MethodsA 30-item survey examining several known contributors to weight regain was distributed among the postoperative bariatric patients of our clinic. Changes in eating habits, exercise, depression, social support, loneliness, and anxiety were studied, among others.ResultsA total of 208 patients completed the survey (29.3% response rate). A large percentage of patients reported increases in their depression (44.2%), loneliness (36.2%), nervousness (54.7%), snacking (62.6%), loss of control when eating (48.2%), and binge eating (19.5%) and decreases in their social support (23.2%), healthy food eating (45.5%), and activity (55.2%). Difficulty in accessing vitamins was reported by 13%. Patients more than 18 months out of surgery regained more than 2 kg during an average of 47 days. Risk factors for weight regain were found to be loss of control when eating, increases in snacking and binge eating, reduced consumption of healthy food, and reduced physical activity.ConclusionBariatric patients are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social isolation on many levels. This patient population is vulnerable to crisis situations; thus, additional intervention is needed to address behaviors that lead to weight regain.     

Soledad no deseada,salud y desigualdades sociales a lo largo del ciclo vital

ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective.MethodCross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated.ResultsThe feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities.     

医学院大学生孤独及其相关因素初探

目的了解医学院大学生的生活事件与孤独之间的关系,探求孤独情绪对于应对方式的影响。方法采用孤独量表、青少年生活事件量表和应对方式量表,对浙江省某医学院的210名大学生进行集体问卷调查。结果性别、年级以及专业对大学生孤独情绪无显著影响;大学生的孤独情绪状况与生活事件以及应对方式有不同程度的相关;不同的生活事件导致学生不同的孤独情绪水平,不同孤独情绪水平的学生倾向于不同的应对方式。结论医学院大学生的孤独有其成因和特点,必须针对这些成因和特点开展心理健康教育。     

医学院学生焦虑、抑郁、孤独及相关因素探讨

目的了解医学院大学生的生活事件与焦虑、抑郁以及孤独之间的关系,并探求情绪对于应对方式的影响。方法采用《焦虑自评量表》、《自评抑郁量表和抑郁状态问卷》、《孤独量表》以及《青少年生活事件量表》和《应对方式量表》,对浙江省某医学院的210名大学生进行集体问卷调查。结果性别、年级以及专业对于大学生的生活事件、情绪以及应对方式均有影响;大学生的情绪状况与生活事件和应对方式有不同程度的相关;不同的生活事件导致学生不同的情绪水平;不同情绪水平的学生倾向于不同的应对方式;最后,我们还得到了生活事件对于不同情绪的回归方程。结论医学院大学生的不良情绪有其各自的成因和特点,医学院大学生的心理健康教育必须针对这些成因和特点来进行。     

The Loneliness of Aging

Isolation and loneliness have become buzz words when discussing older adults during the coronavirus disease pandemic; yet, these are age-old problems. Both have been studied extensively, yet there currently is no rapid or succinct tool that can be used in the emergency department to screen for either, or a consensus of evidence-based ways to correct these issues. This is of concern because both loneliness and social isolation have been linked to poor health. Poor health, in turn, can lead to worse isolation and loneliness. These health problems may lead to the older adult seeking care in the emergency department where screening and initial treatment could be initiated. Suggestions for questions that emergency nurses can ask to identify an older adult who is lonely or suffers from social isolation, as well as steps to consider when encountering the older adult with complaints of loneliness and/or social isolation, are provided, with the realization that these are only the first steps of many that would need to be taken. The purpose of this article is to bring forward updated information that discusses loneliness and social isolation in older adults, a timely priority during the coronavirus disease pandemic and often listed as a factor in older adult deaths. A review of relevant screening tools for use in the emergency department are provided.     

农村失能老年人情绪社交孤独感与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨农村失能老年人情绪社交孤独感状况，并分析家庭功能对失能老年人孤独感的影响。方法 采用便利抽样的方法，抽取329名开封市农村失能老年人为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、情绪社交孤独感量表（ESLI）、家庭关怀度指数问卷（APGAR）进行调查。结果 农村失能老年人情绪社交孤独感总分为（30.72±15.24）分，家庭功能总分为（5.85±1.73）分。家庭功能良好组有129人（占39.2%），家庭功能良好组失能老年人情绪社交孤独感得分低于家庭功能障碍组（均P＜0.01）。失能老年人孤独感总分及各维度得分与家庭功能呈负相关，相关系数为 - 0.180～ - 0.909（均P＜0.01）。分层回归分析显示，老年人失能程度、与照顾者关系、家庭功能是失能老年人情绪社交孤独感的重要影响因素，家庭功能可独立解释失能老年人孤独感37.5%的变异量。 结论 农村失能老年人情绪社交孤独感较重，孤独感与家庭功能呈负相关。协助失能老年人建立良好的家庭功能有助于改善其孤独感。     

Mental well-being: A 16-year follow-up among older residents in Jyväskylä

This study investigated changes in perceived depression, anxiety and loneliness during a 16-year follow-up among elderly Jyväskylä residents born in 1914-1923. A further concern was with how perceived atmosphere in the formative environment was reflected in depression, anxiety and loneliness in old age. The first phase of the study took place in 1988 when interviews were conducted with 635 persons (241 men and 394 women). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Finnish modified version of Beck's 13-item depression scale (RBDI), which was completed fully by 74% of the interviewees. Loneliness was assessed with a single four category item. In the second phase of the study in 1996, interviews were conducted with 410 persons, of whom 94% filled the RBDI questionnaire. In the third phase in 2004, the number of interviewees was 220 and the response rate 82%. There were no significant changes in the number of people with depressive symptomatology and anxiety, except in 1996 when the proportion of men with mild and moderate depression almost doubled. The number of men and women who felt lonely increased significantly during the 16-year follow-up. People who said they were lonely also had more depression and anxiety than others. People who had grown up in warm and safe environment were the most balanced mentally. The presence or absence of warmth and safety in the formative environment is reflected in mental well-being even at a very old age.