Oral and subcutaneous sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine: an open randomized cress-over study

In an open, randomized cross-over study in 124 patients, we compared the efficacy, safety and patient preference of oral and subcutaneous sum triptan in the acute treatment of migraine. Patients were treated for 3 attacks or 3 months and then crossed over. Primary clinical efficacy was defined as a reduction in headache severity on a four-point self-rating scale from severe (3) or moderate (2) to mild (1) or none (0), or mild (1) to none (0). Efficacy was evaluated 2 h after the administration of subcutaneous and 4h after the administration of oral sumatriptan. Subcutaneous sumatriptan was significantly more effective than oral sumatriptan in relieving headache (over all three attacks 78% vs 61% improvement), improving clinical disability (55% vs 41 % improvement) and relieving nausea (69% vs 53%), vomiting (72% vs 32%) and phono- or photophobia (67% vs 49%). Median time to recurrence was shorter after subcutaneous (12.5 h) than after oral sumatriptan (18 h); the number of patients experiencing a recurrence was similar Patients reported more adverse events after subcutaneous sumatriptan (1.32 per attack) than after the oral form (0.85 per attack), but all adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity and of short duration. Patient opinion was more often positive after subcutaneous sumatriptan. These results may be useful in counselling patients to choose between the available marketed formulations of sumatriptan.     

Pharmacokinetics of orally administered hexobarbital in plasma and saliva of healthy subjects

Hexobarbital (HB) concentrations were determined in plasma and saliva of 8 healthy subjects, following oral administration of 500 mg HB-Na. Mean plasma half-lives were 3.2 +/- 0.1 h, and salivary half-lives 3.3 +/- 0.2 h. Mean plasma clearance was 22.9 +/- 2.3 1 h-1. There was a linear relationship between HB concentrations in saliva and plasma (r = 0.92). Mean salivary levels were 34 per cent of plasma levels. Salivary pH was constant throughout the experiment, 7.06 +/- 0.09. There was an inconsistent tendency of the saliva over plasma ratios to increase as a function of time. The percentage of protein binding calculated from saliva over plasma ratios was in reasonable agreement with in vitro data of equilibrium dialysis, 64.1 +/- 2.6 per cent and 65.9 +/- 0.8 per cent, respectively. The experiment was repeated in 4 subjects, and considerable intraindividual differences were shown to exist in saliva over plasma ratio, half-lives, and protein binding. It was concluded that HB elimination half-lives can relatively accurately be determined from salivary concentrations. Oral plasma clearance can only be estimated if the individual saliva over plasma ratios are known; this would require the taking of at least one blood sample during the experiment. When employing HB as a model substrate for drug metabolizing enzyme activity in vivo, the determination of its pharmacokinetic parameters, particularly oral plasma clearance as a reflection of cytochrome P-450 activity, cannot be achieved by taking saliva samples only.     

肛旁脓肿行Ⅰ期根治性手术疗效的探讨

目的：探讨肛旁脓肿行Ⅰ期根治性手术的疗效。方法：对78例肛旁脓肿患者交叉设计分成两组。分别行Ⅰ期根治性手术（RS）和单纯脓肿切开引流（ID），比较术后疗效。结果：RS组病人术后形成肛瘘的发生率远低于ID组。而并发症却无升高趋势，且明显缩短了伤口愈合时间。结论：Ⅰ期根治性手术治疗肛旁脓肿疗效满意，临床使用价值高，值得推广。     

Comparative Analysis of Crossover Exchanges and Chiasmata in Allium Cepa × Fistulosum After Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH)

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) successfully differentiated homoeologous genomes in the interspecific hybrid Allium cepa × fistulosum, thus allowing the detection of reciprocal crossover events as label exchanges in separating anaphase I chromosomes. Three of the eight chromosome pairs were positively identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to rDNA sequences. There was a general similarity of the GISH-based label exchange frequencies and metaphase I chiasma frequencies, but with a 20% deficit of chiasmata. Reasons for this apparent deficit are discussed. The locations of chiasmata and label exchanges are in broad agreement.     

80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术麻醉体会

对 2 45例 80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术的麻醉进行如下处理 :术前全面估计病人的全身情况和心、肺等重要脏器的功能状态 ,使病人的全身状态调整到最佳水平 ;首选连续硬膜外麻醉有其优点 ;小剂量、分次给药 ,避免麻醉阻滞平面过广 ;此手术创伤大 ,失血多 ,以及应用骨黏合剂 ,有可能出现心血管反应 ,应及时补充血容量 ,并纠正不良反应 ;肺组织退行性变 ,血氧分压降低 ,术中、术后常规吸氧 ;加强术后监测、护理 ,预防易发生的并发症     

对“红包”现象的深层思考

本文试将“红包”现象由表及里的进行剖晰.(1)红包现象林林总总,从3点着笔.①红包之“风乍起,吹皱一池春水”;②红包类别、特性;③医患复杂心态(各7种).(2)红包现象的危害;(3)红包的综合治理“八抓”(抓教育,正向导廉;抓道德,自律清廉;抓制度,规范保廉;抓案例,褒贬倡廉;抓经常,时时冷廉;抓监督,约束促廉;抓评价,准绳测廉;抓支部,牢牢固廉).     

基于限制性立方样条探索儿童青少年的骨密度与骨龄发育的关系

目的 通过回顾性分析重庆地区3 776例儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系,为重庆地区的儿童、青少年生长发育评估提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析3 776例2015年至2019年间在重庆高康健康管理咨询有限公司进行咨询的儿童、青少年的左腕骨X线骨龄片、骨密度、身高、体重。应用Logistic向前逐步回归模型和限制性立方样条分层分析儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系。 结果 本研究中的儿童、青少年在各年龄段均出现骨龄发育提前,其中四个年龄段的男性和女性的骨龄年龄差差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析发现性别、骨密度同龄比、生活年龄为骨龄发育的独立影响因素。在性别、年龄和BMI分层的各亚组中,骨龄发育提前的概率在骨密度较低段有少量上升然后下降,在骨密度较高段呈上升趋势,在体格消瘦和正常组中最明显;各年龄段的骨龄发育提前趋势相当;随着BMI的增加,超龄发育概率逐渐向0.8~1.0区间靠近。结论 重庆地区儿童、青少年普遍存在骨龄发育提前的现象,这种现象可能与性别、骨密度、肥胖等因素有关。