Islanded facial artery osteomyomucosal/osseous flap in head and neck reconstruction

A local pedicled vascularized bone flap can prevent the morbidity and cost of free bone flap surgery in small segmental bone defects or long cartilaginous defects of the head and neck. Such flaps can also be useful in patients who are high risk for surgery. The periosteal vascularity of the mandible can be used to design islanded facial artery-based bone flaps, which can be utilized to that extent. Two patients with a small segmental mandibulectomy defect and one patient with a long cricotracheal resection defect underwent reconstruction using three different designs of islanded facial artery osteomyomucosal/osseous flap (iFOMM). The patients had a minimum follow-up period of 18 months. All flaps were successful, with satisfactory healing and without any functional deficit or disease at last follow-up.     

双眼外直肌后徙术与常规疗法治疗斜视临床疗效比较

目的:比较双眼外直肌后徙术与常规疗法治疗斜视的临床疗效。方法:选取2016年6月-2017年6月笔者医院收治的128例斜视患者,按治疗方式不同分成对照组和研究组,每组各64例。其中对照组患者行常规单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术(R&R),研究组患者行双眼外直肌后徙术(BLR-rec)。术后对患者随访1年,观察术后眼位正位率、欠矫率、过矫率,视觉功能恢复情况以及并发症发生率。结果:研究组患者正位率为89.06%高于对照组的68.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,对照组和研究组患者视近度、视远度和平均斜视度比较,两组患者融合功能和立体视功能占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组患者的斜视度较治疗前均出现了明显下降(P<0.05),且研究组治疗后斜视度下降幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者视觉功能恢复率均明显增加(P<0.05),且研究组恢复率明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:双眼外直肌后徙术较单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术有更好地临床效果,且安全性更高,值得临床推广。     

Morbidity Associated With High Gastrocnemius Recession: Retrospective Review of 126 Cases

To evaluate morbidity associated with surgical lengthening of the gastrocnemius, medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 126 patients (mean age, 49.7 years; range, 8-78 years) who had undergone open gastrocnemius recession. Ten patients had isolated recession; 116 had gastrocnemius recession with an additional foot or ankle procedure on the ipsilateral limb. During a mean follow-up period of 19 months (range, 6-50 months), all patients were examined for any postoperative complications associated with the recession. Complications were defined as the presence of postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, nerve problems, decreased muscle strength, scar problems, or calcaneus gait (overlengthening). Uncomplicated outcome was defined as absence of all these complications and return to regular activity, both occurring during a follow-up of at least 6 months. Postsurgical complications developed in 9 (6%) of the 126 patients: 6 (4%) had scar problems, 2 (1.33%) had wound dehiscence, 2 (1.33%) had infection, 3 (2%) had nerve problems, and 1 (0.67%) developed complex regional pain syndrome. No patient complained of either a limp or gait disturbance. Neither persistent decrease in muscle strength nor calcaneus gait was seen. These data suggest that the open gastrocnemius recession procedure has low associated morbidity.     

口内入路下颌角弧线形截骨术

目的:探索更好的下颌角肥大截骨缩小术式。方法:为获得更好的术后效果,我们采用口内入路下颌角弧形截骨术,将弧形截骨线延长到颏神经处,并对颏结节进行打磨,使截骨线延续流畅,伴小颏者同时行隆颏或颏截骨前移。结果:自2002年以来,我科采用口内入路下颌角长弧线形截骨术矫正320例下颌角肥大患者,均取得了良好的效果。结论:口内入路延长弧形截骨术缩小下颌角可以获得更好术后效果。     

Microanatomy and surgical approaches to the infratemporal fossa: an anaglyphic three-dimensional stereoscopic printing study.

Objective: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a continuation of the temporal fossa between the internal surface of the zygoma and the external surface of the temporal bone and greater wing of the sphenoid bone that is sitting deep to the ramus of the mandible. The principal structure to understanding its relationships is the lateral pterygoid muscle. Other important structures are the medial pterygoid muscle, the maxillary artery, the pterygoid venous plexus, the otic ganglion, the chorda tympani nerve and the mandibular nerve. In this study, we describe the microsurgical anatomy of the ITF, as viewed by step-by-step anatomical dissection and also through the perspective of three lateral approaches and one anterior surgical approach. Methods: Eight cadaver specimens were dissected. In one side of all specimens, an anatomical dissection was done in which a wide preauricular incision from the neck on the anterior border of the sternoclidomastoid muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage to the superior temporal line was made. The flap was displaced anteriorly and the structures of the neck were dissected followed by a zygomatic osteotomy and dissection of the ITF structures. On the other side were the surgical approaches to the ITF. The combined infratemporal and posterior fossa approach was done in two specimens, the subtemporal preauricular infratemporal fossa approach in two, the zygomatic approach in two, and the lateral transantral maxillotomy in two. The anatomical dissections were documented on the three-dimensional (3D) anaglyphic method to produce stereoscopic prints. Results: The lateral pterygoid muscle is one of the principal structures to enable understanding of the relationships into the ITF. The tendon of the temporal muscle inserts in the coronoid process at the ITF. The maxillary artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery that originates at the neck of the mandible and runs into the parotid gland. In our dissections the maxillary artery was lateral to the buccal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves. We found the second part of the maxillary artery superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscle in all specimens The anterior and posterior branches of the deep temporal artery supply the temporal muscle. In two cases we found a middle deep temporal artery. The different approaches that we used provided different views of the same anatomical landmarks and this provides not only safer surgery but also the best choice to approach the ITF according with the pathology extension. Conclusions: The ITF is a complex region on the skull base that is affected by benign and malignant tumors. The study through different routes is helpful to disclose the relationship among the anatomical structures. Although the authors have shown four approaches, there are a variety of approaches and even a combination of these can be used. This type of anatomical knowledge is essential to choosing the best approach to treat lesions in this area.     

叩齿紧咬运动中松动牙动态力变化特点的研究

目的:研究紧咬、叩齿运动中松动牙牙合力的动态变化特征。方法:选择19例单侧下颌第一磨牙松动的患者,用PVDF动态牙合力仪测量健侧和患侧下颌第一磨牙节律性叩齿和紧咬运动中牙合力动态变化曲线,分析最大牙合力峰值和到达峰值的时间,对两侧的测量结果进行分析。结果:叩齿运动中健侧下颌第一磨牙牙合力峰值平均为25kg,到达峰值的时间为108ms;患侧的分别为21kg和126ms;紧咬运动中健侧下颌第一磨牙牙合力峰值平均为27kg,到达峰值的时间为768ms;患侧的分别为23kg和1023ms;经配对t检验,健侧与患侧的峰值及到达峰值的时间差异均有显著性。结论:牙齿松动导致咀嚼功能降低,牙合力值和牙合力上升的速度均降低。     

上颌扩弓治疗纠正早期功能性下颌偏斜

目的:通过头颅定位后前位片(P-A)测量,探讨上颌扩弓纠正单侧后牙反牙合,改善早期功能性下颌偏斜. 方法:混合牙列或早期恒牙列,单侧后牙反牙合伴有或不伴有前牙反牙合, 下颌功能性偏斜患者16名,采用上颌Quad-Helix扩弓的方法,矫治前后头颅定位后前位片P-A测量分析,用统计软件处理数据. 结果:单侧后牙反牙合矫正后,下颌骨两侧结构不对称性有明显改善. 下颌骨两侧综合长度差亦减小(P<0.01),两侧下颌体长度差明显减小(P<0.01). 结论:混合牙列或早期恒牙列,由于单侧后牙反牙合导致的功能性下颌偏斜,采用扩大上颌牙弓,可以使下颌骨的不对称得到一定的改善,是早期纠正下颌功能性偏斜的有效手段.     

单纯下颌骨磨削法矫治下颌角肥大

目的 探讨下颌角肥大骨磨削法治疗的临床效果。方法 在局部肿胀麻醉下，采用口内切口入路，常规分离显露下颌骨，在预定需要矫正的下颌骨区域，使用特殊器械磨削下颌骨体外侧皮质骨、下颌骨下缘及下颌角骨质，同时对部分肥大的咬肌进行处理，矫治下颌角肥大。结果 对58例下颌角肥大患者均行下颌骨磨削法矫治，除1例术中损伤下齿槽血管引起出血外，无其他并发症发生。术后随访6～18个月，全部病例取得良好的矫治效果。结论 下颌骨磨削法矫治下颌角肥大是一种并发症少、安全有效的好方法。与截骨矫治下颌角肥大的方法相比，该术式保留了下颌骨的内板。维持了颌颈区的立体感。