侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断（附10例报告）

目的探讨侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析10例侧脑室室管膜囊肿患者的临床及MRI影像学资料。结果10例中有明显症状者3例，其余7例症状不明显。MRI表现为侧脑室三角区和／或体部内单发椭圆形囊样病灶，边界清晰、光滑、锐利，信号均匀，在MRI所有序列上均与脑脊液信号相同，5例增强扫描病灶无增强，邻近的脉络丛受压移位。4例合并同侧颞角轻度扩大，1例合并同侧颞角明显扩大。双侧脑室前角无明显扩大。邻近脑实质无水肿带。结论侧脑室室管膜囊肿MRI表现具有一定特征性，为该病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要依据。     

灵芝孢子对大鼠受损伤的脊髓神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的探讨灵芝孢子对大鼠受损伤的脊髓自身神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法将成年SD 大鼠随机分成损伤不用药组和损伤用药组。对两组动物 T12脊髓段施行右侧半横断后,在其腹腔内注射溴脱氧尿嘧啶(5’-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU 50mg/kg),每天2次,连续注射10天。损伤用药组动物胃饲灵芝孢子。在脊髓损伤后2周和4周,用免疫荧光组织化学法检测两组动物脊髓中央管室管膜细胞的 BrdU、nestin、neurofilament(NF)、oligodendrocyte specific protein 和 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)标记物,并分析其增殖和分化情况。结果损伤用药组大鼠脊髓室管膜细胞 BrdU 阳性染色数量[(45.67±3.62)个]高于损伤不用药组[(29.91±3.68)个]。在脊髓白质中,有些 BrdU 阳性细胞同时表达 oligodendrocyte specific protein 或nestin 或 NF 或 GFAP。结论灵芝孢子能够促进大鼠受损伤脊髓中央管室管膜细胞增殖,少数增殖后的细胞能分化为神经干细胞、神经元...     

正中隆起室管膜细胞在高血压大鼠的形态学改变

目的:观察大鼠正中隆起室管膜细胞在高血压不同时期的形态学变化,探讨该室周器官在高血压发病过程的作用.方法:选择健康雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为对照组,左旋-硝基精氨酸1、2、3、4周组.制备高血压动物模型,检测巢蛋白的表达情况.结果:用药动物组血压明显高于对照组,模型制备成功.光镜下观察到高血压初期(1、2周组)正中隆起室管膜细胞胞体增大,室管膜下细胞排列密集,室管膜下血管扩张.高血压后期(3、4周组)室管膜细胞排列稀疏,室管膜下细胞深染,软膜下血管扩张明显.巢蛋白免疫阳性细胞在高血压初期多出现在正中隆起室管膜下层,在高血压后期多出现在室管膜层.结论:正中隆起室管膜细胞与高血压发生有密切联系.     

γ‐Aminobutyric acid‐ρ expression in ependymal glial cells of the mouse cerebellum

The ependymal glial cells (EGCs) from the periventricular zone of the cerebellum were studied to determine their distribution and the functional properties of their γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptors. EGCs were identified by the presence of ciliated structures on their ventricular surface and their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Interestingly, diverse cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and other types of glia, were identified in the subventricular zone by their current profiles. Electron microscopy showed ciliated cells and myelinated axons in this zone, but we found no collateral connections to suggest the presence of functional synapses. GABA‐mediated currents were recorded from EGCs in cerebellar slices from postnatal days 13 to 35 (PN13–PN35). These currents were blocked by TPMPA (a highly specific GABA_Aρ subunit antagonist) and bicuculline (a selective antagonist for classic GABA_A receptors). Pentobarbital failed to modulate GABA_A‐mediated currents despite the expression of GABAα1 and GABAγ2 subunits. In situ hybridization, RT‐PCR, and immunofluorescence studies confirmed GABAρ1 expression in EGCs of the cerebellum. We conclude that cerebellar EGCs express GABAρ1, which is functionally involved in GABA_A receptor‐mediated responses that are unique among glial cells of the brain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the spinal cord of turtles

A 5-bromo-3'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse administered to juvenile turtles resulted in cell labeling throughout the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the spinal cord. One and twenty-four hours postinjection, larger densities of BrdU-labeled nuclei (LN) occurred within the GM, with a density peak localized in the central region (CR). Seven days later, density differences between GM and WM disappeared, accompanying a more uniform distribution of LN in the GM (absence of the central peak). Multiple injection experiments also showed similar evolution in the distribution of LN. Morphometric studies revealed that the size of LN had undergone time-related increments: Larger nuclei appeared at protracted fixation time points. Double-labeling experiments indicated that BrdU-labeled cells expressed neuroactive substances, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), and the cytoplasmic early postmitotic neuronal marker (TUC-4). Other BrdU-labeled cells expressed the glial-specific protein (GFAP). GABA-BrdU, TUC-4-BrdU, and GFAP-BrdU double-labeled cells were recognized 6 days after the first BrdU injection. NeuN-BrdU double-labeled cells were found at 50 days postinjection. Three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of synapses and typical kinocilia in putative immature nerve cells. Kinocilia were also found in putative immature glial cells. In consideration of the scattered distribution pattern of BrdU-labeled cells, in animals fixed 1 hour postinjection, the existence of a single proliferating center was discarded. The CR, including the ependymal epithelium, showed the highest density of LN.     

局灶性脑缺血后室管膜/室下区细胞迁移到梗塞区周围并分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞

目的研究局灶性脑缺血后室管膜/室下区细胞的迁移分化,揭示梗塞区周围新生细胞的来源.方法大脑中动脉阻塞前,将10μl 0.2%的荧光染料DiI注射于体质量250～350 g的雄性SD大鼠侧脑室以预标记室管膜/室下区细胞.脑缺血后,采用累积式的BrdU标记方法标记新生细胞并通过双重免疫荧光染色确定细胞分化.标记的细胞通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察.结果在非缺血对照大鼠,DiI标记细胞定居于室管膜/室下区.局灶性脑缺血后,DiI标记细胞出现于胼胝体,邻近的纹状体和皮质.此外,缺血14 d后,梗塞区周围纹状体和皮质内可见一些DiI/BrdU/GFAP或DiI/BrdU/NeuN三重标记阳性细胞.结论局灶性脑缺血后,室管膜/室下区细胞迁移到梗塞区周围并分化成神经元和星形胶质细胞,这一发现对于理解成体神经干细胞的起源和开发促进脑损伤后内源性神经发生的新措施具有重要意义.