Is the Evaluation of the Global Quality of Life Determined by Emotional Status?

The present study investigated relationships between global QOL perceptions and well-being dimensions. Especially our goal was to evaluate the impact of generally recognised four broad dimensions of QOL (physical, functional, social and emotional well-being) on global QOL perceptions, additionally person's satisfaction with life achievements and economical situation were measured as well as social demographic variables. The subjects were a representative sample of Finns (n = 4613, from 25 to 65 years) of the FINRISK-97 study. Correlation coefficients and models of hierarchical regression indicated that physical, functional and social well-being as well as sociodemographic factors and satisfaction with life achievements are important factors of global QOL perceptions both among males and females. However percentages of variances explained with these measures were only moderately high, ranging from 1 to 10%. After measures of emotional well-being were entered into the models of hierarchical analyses of regression, variances explained grew dramatically over 20%. The results of the study indicated that global QOL judgements are likely to be based on current emotional state.     

Life satisfaction in patients with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease – connection through depressive symptoms?

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic patients (n = 144) with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), depression with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other psychiatric symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R Axis I and Axis II psychiatric diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of CHD patients were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied patients had Axis I mental disorders and Axis II personality disorders more frequently than others. Psychiatric and depressive symptoms according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied patients. In multiple logistic regression analyses, mental disorders were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of chest pain symptoms and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of CHD but by the existence of depressive symptoms.     

Quality of Life in the General Norwegian Population, Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS-N)

The main aim of the present study was to derive norms or reference values from the general Norwegian population for the Norwegian version of the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS-N). In addition, associations between socio-demographic and health variables on the level of quality of life were examined. The sample consisted of 1893 subjects from a total of 4000 randomly selected Norwegian citizens representative of the entire Norwegian population, aged 19-81. The subjects received a mailed questionnaire containing the QOLS-N. Results show that the mean quality of life score was 84.1 (SD 12.5). Women reported a higher quality of life than men. People with higher levels of education reported a higher quality of life. Those who were married or cohabitating reported the highest quality of life and those who were unemployed reported a lower quality of life than those who worked. In addition, people reporting long-term diseases or health problems scored significantly lower on quality of life. These results could serve as reference values for the level of quality of life, as measured by the QOLS-N in the Norwegian population.     

双性化对大学生主观幸福感的影响

目的揭示双性化对大学生主观幸福感的影响。方法采用性别角色量表和主观幸福感量表对4所不同类型院校大学生的性别角色取向及主观幸福感进行了测评。结果大部分学生的性别角色趋于双性化,但男女同学趋于双性化的程度有所不同,男女大学生不同的男性化和女性化程度对主观幸福感的影响也不同。结论不论男女,男性化取向的大学生在生活满意度和总体幸福感上的得分高一些;对男生而言,双性化取向的男生在情感维度上的得分高一些;对女生而言,男性化水平高的女生在情感维度上的得分高一些。     

The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: reunion island as a case study

BackgroundLockdown has been one of the major worldwide strategies to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its consequences on the well-being of individuals needs to be better understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of lockdown on the well-being of a general population and the factors associated with this potential impairment of well-being in a population that has been only lightly affected by COVID-19 such as in Reunion island, an overseas French department.MethodsAn online survey was proposed to the population of Reunion Island between the 35th and 54th days of lockdown relative to pre- and per-lockdown periods. Well-being was measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, with some questions about sleep habits (Pittsburgh questionnaire), weekly physical activity (IPAQ), health, and lifestyle.ResultsFour hundred volunteers answered the survey. They reported a 15.7% decrease in well-being (p < 0.001), accompanied by increased anxiety (p < 0.001), decreased weekly physical activity (p < 0.001), delayed and poorer quality sleep (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistical analysis showed that impairment in well-being during lockdown was independently associated with an increase in anxiety (odds ratio (OR): 4.77 (3.26–6.98), p < 0.001), decrease in weekly physical activity (OR: 0.58 (0.43–0.79), p < 0.001), and poor-quality sleep (OR: 0.29 (0.19–0.43), p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggested an impairment in well-being during lockdown, associated with anxiety, lack of physical activity and sleep disruptions. Public policies must consider these factors as levers for improving the well-being of the population in order to effectively combat the spread of COVID-19.     

信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪及心理健康

目的探讨信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪、心理健康的现状及其之间关系。方法方便选取陕西省部分城市信访干部191名,对其施测工作满意度、总体幸福感、情绪量表与SCL-90量表。结果①信访干部的工作满意度较高,幸福感较低,积极情绪和消极情绪体验较少,心理健康状况较好;②信访干部的心理健康与工作满意度(r=-0.668,P>0.01)、幸福感(r=-0.298,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,与消极情绪呈显著正相关(r=0.769,P<0.01);工作满意度、消极情绪对心理健康的回归效应显著(t=-5.309,10.175,P=0.000);③工作满意度是幸福感的主要影响变量(β=0.50,P=0.000)。结论消极情绪和工作满意度是影响信访干部心理健康与幸福感的重要因素。     

Attachment and psychological well-being among adolescents with and without disabilities in Kenya: The mediating role of identity formation

The current study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between attachment and identity development, and their influence on psychological well-being in adolescents with and without disabilities in Kenya. The sample was composed of 296 adolescents (151 with disabilities and 145 without any disability). The mean age in our sample was 16.84 years (SD = 1.75). Adolescents with disabilities had significantly lower scores in identity formation, paternal attachment, and life satisfaction. A path model indicated that identity formation partially mediated the relationship between secure attachment and psychological well-being. Our findings indicate that both parent and peer attachment play an important role in the identity formation and psychological well-being of adolescents in Kenya, irrespective of a disabling condition. A multigroup analysis indicated that while the structure of the relationship between variables held for groups, the pattern and strength of the relationships differed. Implications for practice, especially the guidance and counseling services in schools, are discussed.     

Differential cognitive performances between schizophrenic responders and non-responders to antipsychotics: Correlation with course of the illness,psychopathology, attitude to the treatment and antipsychotics doses

Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that schizophrenia patients may perform worse than normal controls in several cognitive tasks. However, little is known on putative differences in cognitive functioning between schizophrenia patients responding to antipsychotics and those resistant to the treatment. In this cross-sectional study, 63 subjects (41 schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients and 22 age and sex-matched controls) were enrolled. Patients were divided in resistant (TRS, n=19) and non-resistant to pharmacological treatment (non-TRS, n=22) according to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for treatment resistance. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was administered to patients and controls. The following rating scales were administered to schizophrenia patients: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) and the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics (SWN). Statistically significant differences among non-TRS patients, TRS ones, and controls were detected at the BACS. TRS patients performed significantly worse than non-TRS ones on Verbal Memory task, exhibited higher PANSS total and subscales scores and were prescribed higher antipsychotic doses. Poorer performances at the BACS significantly correlated with more severe negative symptoms in TRS but not in non-TRS patients. These results may suggest that TRS patients suffer from a form of the disease with prominent cognitive impairment possibly related to negative symptoms.