脂膜微泡结合凝血酶原复合物的制备

目的:制备结合凝血酶原复合物(PCC)的阴离子脂膜微泡,评价微泡的理化性质。材料和方法:采用机械振荡直接连接法,分两组(于机械振荡之前或之后加入),制备结合PCC的阴离子脂膜微泡,观察并检测洗涤前后微泡的理化性质。结果:微泡与PCC的结合率及Ⅸ因子活性:两组间比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但洗涤后结合率由洗涤前的95%降为80%,活性由90%降为19%。结论:直接连接法可制备结合PCC的阴离子脂膜微泡,微泡与PCC结合率较高,且洗涤前能保持Ⅸ因子较高的活性。     

核医学显像对不明性质颈痛患者的诊断价值

目的 探讨核医学显像在诊断不明性质颈痛中的价值.方法 70例不明性质颈痛患者,X线、CT或MRI结果提示骨质破坏或占位性病变,无法确定病变性质,拟手术治疗入院.为明确诊断,行99m Tc-亚甲基二磷酸盐(99mTc-MDP)全身骨显像.显像后1周内行手术或病灶穿刺活检,获得病理学结果.10例骨显像多发骨转移瘤的患者进行了符合线路18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)肿瘤代谢显像.结果 骨显像阳性62例.33例颈部单发病灶,其中原发恶性肿瘤4例,转移瘤6例,良性病变23例.29例为多发病灶,其中转移瘤24例.25例患者骨显像后改变了治疗方案.10例转移瘤患者中的7例18F-FDG肿瘤代谢显像找到了原发病灶.结论 全身骨显像应作为诊断不明性质颈痛的重要辅助手段.18F-FDG肿瘤代谢显像与全身骨显像联合应用对于不明性质颈痛的明确诊断,分期,指导临床治疗有着重要的意义.     

白蛋白微泡促进报告基因在细胞表达的实验研究

目的: 探讨白蛋白微泡作为非病毒载体在基因传输中的作用。方法:6孔板培养脐静脉内皮细胞(EC)和血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),每孔加pcDNA3.1/His/LacZ质粒20 μg,加不同浓度微泡或不加微泡,超声条件为连续波,频率2MHz,机械指数1.8,照射时间1 min,48 h后计算蓝染细胞百分率和β-半乳糖苷酶活性。另以不同浓度微泡及超声照射时间处理细胞,测定细胞增殖情况。结果:与单纯超声质粒组相比,含微泡组蓝染细胞率增加约10-15倍(其中内皮细胞组11.6倍,平滑肌细胞组15.2倍),报告基因表达定量增加近8倍。微泡浓度为10％时细胞转染效率最高。超声照射对细胞增殖无影响,微泡浓度为50％时有明显的细胞毒作用。结论:白蛋白微泡在超声作用下能明显增加基因的传输效率,有可能成为一种安全有效的基因治疗的载体。     

In vivo and in vitro effects of imidacloprid on sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus): a light and electron microscopic study

The effects of imidacloprid (Advantage) on sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus Linné 1758) were studied in vivo and in vitro by means of direct observation (monitored on video tape) and by light and electron microscopy. It was found that: 1. Imidacloprid acted rapidly on all motile stages of the sheep keds. Within 3–4 min after exposure they became immobile and their legs and the abdomen started tetanic trembling movements for 15–30 min, leading to death. 2. The compound is apparently taken up by the body, since it also acted on those sheep keds that had been exclusively exposed to imidacloprid-contaminated filter papers. 3. The compound is available and active for more than 1 month in the wool of sheep; even rainfall does not reduce its efficacy. Body contact between treated mother sheep and their lambs protects them from infestation with these ectoparasites. 4. The compound initiates an ultimately lethal destruction of the ganglia, nerve chords and related muscle fibers, as can be seen in electron micrographs. Received: 7 October 2000 / Accepted: 18 October 2000     

Amelioration of established murine collagen-induced arthritis with anti-IL-1 treatment.

Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. To validate a key role for IL-1 in arthritic processes we have studied the protective effect of neutralizing antimurine IL-1 antibodies in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Combination of anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-IL-1 beta given before onset of arthritis was shown to prevent disease completely. Remarkably, a single treatment was also highly effective in the established phase of arthritis, reducing both inflammation as well as cartilage destruction. Suppression was most pronounced with the combination, but anti-IL-1 beta alone also induced significant relief. Finally, we studied the protective effect of IL-1 neutralization on cartilage metabolism in a unilateral expression model of collagen arthritis. To this end zymosan was injected in one knee joint before onset of disease, resulting in accelerated expression in that particular joint and the draining paw. Anti-IL-1 treatment started after accelerated expression of arthritis was able to fully normalize chondrocyte synthetic function, which was highly suppressed in the control group. It is concluded that IL-1 is an important determinant in both inflammation and cartilage destruction in collagen arthritis, and this may have implications for therapy in human arthritis.     

胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞增殖的作用

背景:研究表明外泌体具有促进骨再生的能力,但从胎牛血清中提取的外泌体是否可以促进骨形成仍存在争议。目的:观察胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞增殖能力的影响,从而为临床治疗骨破坏提供新思路。方法:通过超速离心法从胎牛血清中提取外泌体,采用透射电子显微镜和Western blot法验证外泌体是否提取成功;然后用10 mg/L胎牛血清外泌体干预成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1,通过CCK-8实验检测外泌体对成骨细胞增殖能力的影响,Western blot检测外泌体对成骨细胞骨形态发生蛋白2和骨桥蛋白表达的影响。以不含外泌体的胎牛血清培养的MC3T3-E1细胞为对照组。结果与结论:①胎牛血清外泌体具有典型的脂质双层膜结构,大小在30-150 nm之间,外泌体表面标记因子CD81表达呈阳性,而微囊表面标记物CD40表达呈阴性;②外泌体组的增殖能力明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);外泌体组成骨标志性因子骨形态发生蛋白2和骨桥蛋白的表达水平明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③结果表明,胎牛血清外泌体对成骨细胞的增殖起促进作用,可为临床治疗骨破坏提供新思路。     

Trigeminal neuropathy and partial nose destruction

Summary Two cases of trigeminal neuropathy with tissue loss are described, one in a Spillane-Wells syndrome, the other in a Riley-Day syndrome. Although the etiology was different, nose-picking led in both cases to a typical punchedout lesion of the skin and cartilage of nose tip, columella and alae nasi. Reconstruction was performed only in the first case, after resolution of the neuropathy. Reconstruction should not be considered for cases with persistant anaesthesia.Head: M. Lejour     

类风湿关节炎骨破坏作用机制及中医药治疗研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种累及多个关节的全身性自身免疫性疾病,常累及小关节,病变呈对称性、侵袭性和致残性,发病后期常易造成不可逆转的软骨、骨和其他邻近组织的破坏,最终导致严重的关节畸形甚至残疾,给患者及其家庭造成严重的身体和心理损害,严重影响生活质量。迄今为止,虽然治疗RA的药物很多,但RA仍然无法完全得到彻底根治,究其原因在于RA及其骨破坏的发病机制仍未完全明确。因此,对于RA骨破坏的发病机制及如何治疗显得格外重要。RA骨破坏的发病机制总的来说是成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间的失衡导致的,本文通过整理近年来参与RA关节软骨破坏及骨侵蚀病程的相关研究文献进行综述和讨论,分别从细胞因子/趋化因子、非编码RNA、信号通路等三个不同方面阐述了对成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间的作用造成RA骨破坏的发病机制,以期为RA骨破坏发病机制研究提供新的思路。中医药在预防RA骨破坏的发病过程中起着重要的作用,在保证疗效的前提下还能保证其安全性。因此,对于RA骨破坏的发病机制进行深入地研究及研究中医药在其治疗中的作用,为其治疗能够提供新的研究思路。     

Neovascular glaucoma. Current management

Neovascular glaucoma is one the most difficult forms of glaucoma to treat successfully. Recent advances modifying filtration surgery can result in up to 77% success. Utilization of anterior and posterior segment photocoagulation can maintain an open angle in up to 80% of eyes when they are treated prior to angle closure by peripheral anterior synechiae. Destruction of the ciliary body can be performed more selectively utilizing argon and ruby lasers. This paper presents a rational approach to the management of neovascular glaucoma incorporating these recent advances.     

Prevention and suppression of autoimmune pancreatic Beta-cell destruction in BB rats by syngeneic lymphocytes obtained from long-term normoglycaemic donors

Summary To prove whether a cell-mediated mechanism is responsible for maintaining long-term normoglycaemia in BB/OK rats with a proved immune attack (insulitis, reduced Beta-cell volume), we transferred lymphocytes obtained from those rats into normoglycaemic diabetes-prone BB/OK rats or into diabetic BB/OK rats receiving a simultaneous syngeneic islet graft. Our results show the presence of a lymphocyte population in the long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats, which is able to arrest pancreatic Beta-cell destruction in diabetes-prone BB/OK rats detected by a decreased diabetes incidence following single lymphocyte transfusion. Syngeneic islets were destroyed by recurrence of the autoimmune process when transplanted into diabetic BB/OK rats. Lymphocytes obtained from long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats were able to protect the syngeneic BB/OK islet graft from autoimmune destruction in diabetic BB/OK rats, whereas allogeneic islet destruction was not prevented. The phenotype of the effective lymphocyte population is not yet clear, but it is negative for RT6. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for maintaining normoglycaemia in long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats is cell mediated, because this property can be transferred to prevent autoimmune destruction of pancreatic Beta cells.