Self-care Experiences of Adolescents with Spinal Muscular Atrophy

PurposeWe examined the self-care experiences of adolescents with spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) and their perceptions of the interactions between their body and the environment.MethodsWe interviewed ten adolescents with SMA aged 13–18 years regarding personal care practices. Purposive sampling was conducted in two medical centers in northern Taiwan. Data were analyzed using the Giorgi analysis method.ResultsFour constitutions were identified: (1) limited space for independent development, (2) multiple reconstructions of self-image to improve physical ability, (3) self-care of disease, and (4) developing activity styles to accommodate social culture.ConclusionThe self-care lived experiences of patients reflect dynamic changes in the body and environment. Self-existence was exhibited by adjustment, practice, and creativity of physical activity to integrate into society. Nursing staff should understand the self-care experiences and needs of adolescents with SMA to develop a database of self-care skills. This study recommended that nursing staff improve their ability to guide patients in taking care of themselves by developing body awareness self-care courses and individual care plans in response to various stages of disability to help patients delay deterioration, realize their physical potential, and promote independence and social development.     

The Current Status and Future of the Artificial Kidney

The use of the artificial kidney can presently be extended to almost all patients with end-stage renal failure. To reduce the cost of treatment, technological choices have to be made. These are always a compromise between cost and adequacy. The liberty obtained by technical improvements to perform a dialysis "à la carte," depending on patient and doctor wishes, is one of the main characteristics of the present status of hemodialysis.     

Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía

ObjectiveTo understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations.MethodA qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia.ResultsPeople with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases.ConclusionsBesides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.     

Orem自理模式应用于产程管理中的效果探讨

目的:探讨Qrom自理模式在产程管理中的可行性和效果。方法:选择同期拟经阴道分娩产妇200例,其中100例实施常规产时服务模式管理(对照组),100例实施自理模式管理(自理组),比较两组产妇的分娩结局、产时干预情况、产妇满意度和助产士满意度。结果:自理组无指征剖宫产率、椎管内麻醉镇痛率、全程导乐陪伴率、催产素使用率明显低于对照组,产妇满意度和助产士满意度高于对照组。两组上述各项指标比较,差异有显著性或极显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:O rem自理模式应用于产程管理中可促进自然分娩,减少产时干预,提高产妇和助产士满意度。     

Self-care activities,glycaemic control and health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Background and aimsDiabetes is one of the global health emergencies of the 21st century. This study sought to assess self-care behaviours, glycaemic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of type 2 diabetes patients at a Nigerian hospital, determine factors associated with HRQoL, and assess the inter-relationship among these outcomes.MethodsThe Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure was used to assess self-care behaviours; HRQoL was assessed with the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS) and SF-12v2 Health Survey. Glycaemic control was assessed with fasting blood sugar (FBS). The questionnaires were distributed to 250 eligible patients attending Endocrinology clinic at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.ResultsMean scores (±SD) of self-care behaviours were 4.0 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 1.0, 2.4 ± 1.2, 1.0 ± 1.1, and 2.5 ± 2.1 for general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care respectively. Mean FBS was 7.1 ± 2.1 mmol/L. Mean ADS score was 18.1 ± 4.2. The physical and mental component summary scores were 47.84 ± 8.21 and 45.66 ± 8.74 respectively. HRQoL was significantly associated with patient socio-demographic (except gender) and clinical variables (p < 0.05). Self-care activities, FBS and HRQoL were significantly inter-correlated (r_s ?0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.01, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients were more adherent to diet recommendations than to other aspects of self-care. Though most patients had adequate glucose control, the presence of diabetes had a negative impact on the mental component of health. HRQoL was affected by most of the patient-related variables. Interventions to improve adherence to self-care are recommended to achieve good glycaemic control and improve HRQoL.     

Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) still matters for many: Associations of BGM frequency and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes

AimsThis study aimed to compare three approaches of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency attainment and to examine their associations with glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsCross-sectional data was derived from the baseline assessment in three clinical trials. Clinical and demographic characteristics of youth with T1D was obtained by chart review. BGM frequency was assessed by parent-youth interview, chart review, and meter downloads. To examine the relationship between A1c and frequency of BGM we performed analysis of variance.ResultsIn youth with T1D (N = 385, 50% female, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years, 74% pump users), the 3 methods of assessing BGM frequency were significantly correlated. Frequency by self-report (6.4 ± 2.3 times/day) was significantly higher than both meter download (5.6 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001) and clinician report (5.7 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001). For all methods, more frequent BGM was associated with lower A1c and lower mean glucose (p < 0.0001). For each additional daily blood glucose check, there was a 0.2% decrease in A1c (p < 0.0001).ConclusionBGM remains a potent predictor of glycemic control, warranting continued targeting in clinical efforts to improve glycemic management in youth with T1D.     

表格式管理集束化护理用于糖尿病视网膜病变术后患者的价值

目的　分析表格式管理集束化护理在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）术后患者中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析2019年3月至2021年6月济南市第二人民医院收治的89例DR患者的临床资料，使用电脑进行随机编号，单数者为对照组44例（患眼59只），双数者为观察组45例（患眼65只）。对照组男21例，女23例，年龄（42.18±10.27）岁；观察组男23例，女22例，年龄（42.39±10.52）岁。对照组予以DR术后常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上予以表格式管理集束化护理干预，两组患者均干预1个月。干预前后使用自我护理能力测定量表（ESCA）和视功能损害眼病患者生存质量问卷（SQOL-DVI）评定患者的自护能力和生活质量；使用简易疾病感知问卷（BIPQ）评定两组患者疾病认知情况；比较两组患者术后并发症（角膜水肿、视网膜脱离和玻璃体出血）的发生情况。计量资料采用t检验，计数资料采用χ²检验，等级资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果　干预后，观察组患者ESCA总分高于对照组［（110.19±13.59）分比（96.59±12.47）分］，差异有统计学意义（t=4.916，P<0.001）；BIPQ等级改善程度优于对照组（U=2.520，P=0.012）；观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组［4.44%（2/45）比18.18%（8/44）］，差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.210，P=0.040）；干预后，观察组SQOL-DVI总分高于对照组［（87.59±12.64）分比（75.52±11.77）分］，差异有统计学意义（t=4.660，P<0.001）。结论　表格式管理集束化护理可以提高DR术后患者的疾病自护能力和疾病认知水平，降低患者并发症的发生率，提高患者的生存质量。     

量化健康教育应用于1020例高血压患者的自我护理效果研究

目的：分析并评价量化健康教育应用于高血压患者的自我护理效果。方法将本院心内科自2011年2月～2013年1月期间收治的2040例患者，按照随机数字表法，随机分为观察组与对照组，各为1020例。对照组患者给予常规的健康宣教，观察组给予健康教育计划，并实施个体量化健康宣教。对比两组患者的自我护理行为的依从性。结果观察组在测定血压、规律服药、合理运动、合理饮食、按时检查及保持体重方面的自我护理依从性均优于对照组，两组相比差异显著，具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论个体量化健康宣教能够增强高血压患者自我护理依从性，对患者的病情康复发挥积极的作用。