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《慢性疾病与转化医学(英文)》2019,5(1):6-14
Immuno-oncology is a fast evolving field of cancer therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clearly a breakthrough in this field. Cardiotoxicity with conventional anti-cancer therapies has been well studied in the past and clear guidelines for management of these side effects are available in the literature. However, cardiotoxicity with novel agents such as ICIs has been fairly under-reported and/or underestimated and we are yet to formulate clear guidelines for management of these rare side effects. In the last few years, there has been an overall increase in the number of cases of cardiotoxicity related to ICIs. In this literature review, we describe the mechanism of action of the most widely used ICIs and their related cardiotoxicities. The increase in number of case reports about the potential of cardiotoxicities with these novel agents clearly indicates the need for a new insight into the field of cardio-immuno-oncology. 相似文献
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《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2020,18(5):351-360.e3
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the response rates of patients with treatment-refractory urothelial carcinoma treated with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We reviewed the literature for prospective studies evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in refractory urothelial carcinoma patients, which formed the basis for US Food and Drug Administration approval of 5 different antagonistic antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab). We considered studies examining PD-1/PD-L1–treated patients, which we identified using the following key terms in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies had ≥ 20 patients each and reported response rates, duration of response, and overall survival (OS). We performed fixed and random-effects meta-analyses to model the point estimates for objective response rate and complete response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS for studies reporting these statistics were evaluated. We found 10 eligible studies that met our inclusion criteria, providing extractable numerators and denominators for response rates, PFS, and OS for 1934 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The objective response rate was 18% (95% confidence interval, 15-22) for second-line or later therapies. The random-effects estimate for complete response was 4% (95% confidence interval, 3-5), including all disease locations and all PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. Median OS and PFS were < 13 months and 3 months, respectively, across all studies, irrespective of PD-L1 expression. We found that the estimated response rates of agents included in this meta-analysis seem to be more favorable than other salvage therapies. 相似文献
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Samer A. Al-Hadidi Hubert H. Chuang Roberto N. Miranda Hun Ju Lee 《Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia》2021,21(2):e105-e111
The majority of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) may be cured, but for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) cHL, the prognosis is unfavorable. Immune dysfunction is a significant contributor of relapse and a hallmark of cHL; in particular, the immune system is unable to eradicate lymphoma cells that overexpress immune checkpoint proteins. The blocking of this mechanism used by lymphoma cells to evade the immune system has resulted in clinical benefits. Use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in R/R cHL is associated with high response rates and an acceptable adverse effects profile. There is growing interest in combining chemotherapy with CPIs in frontline therapy of cHL treatment to improve relapse rates without significant additive toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current evidence supporting CPI use in R/R cHL and maintenance therapy. We present emerging CPI data in frontline adult cHL and assess its role in the elderly. In addition, we discuss critical immune-related toxicities and their management, and elaborate on the challenges of monitoring response and minimal residual disease as tools for maximizing efficacy by limiting toxicity. 相似文献
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C. González-Cruz C. Ferrándiz-Pulido V. García-Patos Briones 《Actas dermo-sifiliográficas》2021,112(3):216-224
In this review, we analyze the 3 clinical scenarios related to the development of melanoma in solid organ transplant recipients: melanoma in patients with a history of the tumor prior to a transplant, de novo melanoma following a transplant, and melanoma of donor origin. The main factors to consider in organ-transplant candidates with a history of melanoma are tumor stage, presence or absence of residual disease, and time from diagnosis to transplantation. Solid organ transplant recipients have a greater risk of melanoma than immunocompetent individuals. Mortality is also higher in this population, especially in patients with advanced melanoma, as treatment is especially challenging. Clinical history and physical examination provide the most useful information for preventing donor-to-recipient transmission of melanoma. Donor-derived melanoma has a very poor prognosis. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: On 12 December 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ramucirumab for use in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.Areas covered: This review discusses the best treatment strategy for ramucirumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor for patients with advanced NSCLC.Expert opinion: The addition of ramucirumab to docetaxel in the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy confers a 1.4-month improvement in overall survival, with an acceptable toxicity profile. The potential impact of the approval of the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody nivolumab or pembrolizumab on the use of ramucirumab plus docetaxel in advanced NSCLC patient population is uncertain in clinical practice. In order to improve overall outcomes for patients with advanced NSCLC, both ramucirumab plus docetaxel and the PD-1-blocking antibody should be used in any treatment line. 相似文献