全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1663篇 |
免费 | 144篇 |
国内免费 | 31篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 42篇 |
妇产科学 | 18篇 |
基础医学 | 391篇 |
口腔科学 | 31篇 |
临床医学 | 104篇 |
内科学 | 298篇 |
皮肤病学 | 78篇 |
神经病学 | 57篇 |
特种医学 | 24篇 |
外科学 | 240篇 |
综合类 | 186篇 |
预防医学 | 62篇 |
眼科学 | 18篇 |
药学 | 146篇 |
中国医学 | 23篇 |
肿瘤学 | 103篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 58篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 79篇 |
2019年 | 133篇 |
2018年 | 121篇 |
2017年 | 103篇 |
2016年 | 79篇 |
2015年 | 70篇 |
2014年 | 120篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 74篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 69篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 59篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1838条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
目的:研究DIFF33H在人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞Jurkat凋亡中的表达规律及其生物学功能。方法:采用PCR扩增DIFF33H cDNA,Northern blot分析DIFF33H的mRNA表达,MTT法测定细胞凋亡。结果:在重组可溶性TRAIL诱导的人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞Jurkat凋亡过程中,DIFF33H mRNA的表达水平随着Jurkat细胞的凋亡而下降,并对重组可溶性TRAIL的作用具有浓度和时间的依赖性。在抗肿瘤药物5-FU诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡过程中,DIFF33H的mRNA表达水平也显著下降。结论:DIFF33H参与人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞Jurkat凋亡的调控。 相似文献
3.
L. Cheng †‡ T. Enomoto§ T. Hirota† M. Shimizu † N. Takahashi† M. Akahoshi† A. Matsuda† Y. Dake§ S. Doi¶ K. Enomoto A. Yamasaki S. Fukuda X.-Q. Mao J. M. Hopkin M. Tamari† T. Shirakawa † 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2004,34(8):1192-1201
BACKGROUND: A recent report provided evidence that a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 33 (ADAM33), a member of the ADAM family, is a novel susceptibility gene in asthma linked to bronchial hyper-responsiveness. However, there has been no investigation of the genetic role of ADAM33 variants in nasal allergy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the association between ADAM33 polymorphisms and Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis), a most common seasonal allergic rhinitis in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a case-control association study among a Japanese population, involving 95 adult individuals with JCPsis and 95 normal healthy controls. A total of 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADAM33 were genotyped using PCR-based molecular methods. RESULTS: Six SNPs of ADAM33 gene, three in introns (7575G/A, 9073G/A and 12540C/T) and three in the coding region (10918G/C, 12433T/C and 12462C/T), were strongly associated with JCPsis (P = 0.0002-0.022 for absolute allele frequencies) and most of the SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. A higher frequency of the common alleles of these SNPs was noted for the subjects with JCPsis in comparison with healthy controls. We also identified a haplotype associated with the disease susceptibility. In addition, associations were found between ADAM33 polymorphisms and various cedar pollinosis phenotypes including clinical severity, eosinophil counts in nasal secretion and allergen-specific IgE levels in sera, but not total serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene are associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis due to Japanese cedar pollen, but the functional relationship still needs clarification. 相似文献
4.
Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms and one triple nucleotide insertion of the human TGF-β III receptor gene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zippert R Bässler A Holmer SR Hengstenberg C Schunkert H 《Journal of human genetics》2000,45(4):250-253
We found 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms and one triple nucleotide insertion in the cDNA of the human transforming growth
factor β (TGF-β) III receptor gene (TGFBR3) located on 1p33–p32, encoding betaglycan, a component of the TGF-β receptor system. Inside the 5′ untranslated region (UTR),
a G→A polymorphism was identified at position 311. In the open reading frame (ORF), a non-conservative T→C polymorphism was
identified at position 392, and three conservative polymorphisms were found at positions 563 (G→A), 1548 (G→A), and 2370 (C→T).
A triple nucleotide insertion (GCA) was identified at position 1419. Inside the 3′ UTR, six polymorphisms were identified:
four G→A, at positions 2918, 3055, 3098, and 3355; one T→A, at position 3183; and one G→C, at position 3966. In addition to
these changes, some divergences from the published sequence were observed in all 12 chromosomes tested. These included, in
the ORF, an additional C after position 555, two additional G after position 563, and an additional T after position 1388.
No T was found at position 1394. The alterations translate to a changed amino acid sequence. Inside the 3′ UTR, additional
discrepancies were identified. The discovered changes and polymorphisms may be useful for further genetic studies of TGFBR3 receptor deficiencies.
Received: December 22, 1999 / Accepted: February 25, 2000 相似文献
5.
IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Summary: The interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines are related by mechanism of origin, receptor structure, and signal transduction pathways utilized. All three cytokines are synthesized as precursor molecules and cleaved by the enzyme caspase-1 before or during release from the cell. The NALP-3 inflammasome is of crucial importance in generating active caspase-1. The IL-1 family contains two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β, a specific inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and two receptors, the biologically active type IL-1R and inactive type II IL-1R. Both IL-1RI and IL-33R utilize the same interacting accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra is important in preventing disease in various organs, and excess production of IL-1 has been implicated in many human diseases. The IL-18 family also contains a specific inhibitor, the IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), which binds IL-18 in the fluid phase. The IL-18 receptor is similar to the IL-1 receptor complex, including a single ligand-binding chain and a different interacting accessory protein. IL-18 provides an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Newly described IL-33 binds to the orphan IL-1 family receptor T1/ST2 and stimulates T-helper 2 responses as well as mast cells. 相似文献
6.
Lorne M. Hartman Dr. 《Clinical psychology review》1983,3(4):435-456
This article represents an attempt to clarify questions posed by evidence of varying pathways to change in social anxiety. A new perspective is developed which addresses these questions and, importantly, lays the foundation for an innovative treatment approach. Essentially, social anxiety is construed here as the product of a disorganization in which feelings and cognitions (both conscious and preconscious) about the self, about other people, and about the relations between self and others are organized. Specifically, the socially anxious client experiences others autocentrically: that is, in terms of how the other person perceives, evaluates and affects one's own self. The result is a narrowed capacity for experiencing others. The goal of treatment in the new approach advocated here is to allow the individual to understand, appreciate and share the feelings, thoughts and experience of other people. Therapy is directed toward getting clients out of themselves and into other people. 相似文献
7.
Göran K. Hansson Göran Bondjers Anders Bylock Lena Hjalmarsson 《Experimental and molecular pathology》1980,33(3):302-315
Immunoelectron microscopy with peroxidase-conjugated Fab fragments of anti-IgG was used for studying the localization of IgG in the aortic endothelium and subendothelial intima of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic rabbits. Small amounts of IgG were found in the cell coat, in caveolae and vesicles, and also in intercellular clefts of endothelial cells from normocholesterolemic rabbits. Injured endothelial cells exhibited prominent accumulations of IgG in the cytoplasmic matrix, possibly due to leakage through plasma membrane defects. In atherosclerotic lesions from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, there was a striking increase in the amount of IgG-reactive material in the cell coat and vesicles of intact endothelial cells. Also in these animals, injured endothelial cells were characterized by a cytoplasmic IgG accumulation. There were prominent IgG depositions in the subendothelial zone of the lesions. IgG was adhering to collagen fibers, and also coating the surfaces of subendothelial foam cells. The pathophysiological significance of an interaction between such intimal IgG and phagocytes is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Parul Jain Urmila Singh Vijay Kumar Rashmi Ratnam Amita Jain 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2022,40(3):365-369
PurposeCartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has been endorsed by the WHO as the screening test for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In the present study we report the agreement between CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF), liquid culture (LC) and line probe assay (LPA) for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance among EPTB cases.MethodsThe EP samples were subjected to CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF, Cepheid, USA) and wherever possible, to LC (MGIT 960, Becton Dickinson, USA) followed sequentially by first line and second line-LPA (FL-LPA, SL-LPA, Hain Lifescience, Germany) on the isolates.ResultsTotal 566/4080 (13.9%) EP samples were detected positive for M. tuberculosis on CBNAAT. Aspirates from lymph nodes were most often positive (11/30; 36.6%), followed by pus (240/873; 27.5%) and CSF samples (166/104; 15.8%). The detection of M. tuberculosis was more in adults than children except in tissue biopsy samples. Rifampicin resistance was also higher among adults except CSF in which resistance was more in children. Total 185 of 566 (32.7%) CBNAAT positive and 770 of 3510 (21.9%) CBNAAT negative samples could be cultured of which 110/185 (59.4%) and 33/770 (4.3%) respectively turned positive. FL-LPA and SL-LPA of 143 culture isolates showed that 27 isolates had drug resistance, of which 3 (2.1%) were XDR, 11 (7.7%) were Pre-XDR (FQ) and 13 (9.1%) were MDR. Of these 27 resistant isolates, 12 were negative by CBNAAT and two were mislabeled as Rifampicin sensitive or indeterminate based on the unique RpoB gene mutation patterns on LPA. The positive and negative agreements between LC and CBNAAT for detection of M. tuberculosis were 67.1% and 92.7% respectively and between LPA and CBNAAT for rifampicin resistance detection were 98.9% and 92.9% respectively.ConclusionsFor EPTB, CBNAAT should be accompanied with LC wherever possible irrespective of the CBNAAT result. 相似文献
9.
Gertrud Koch Klaus Wiedemann Hansjörg Teschemacher 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1985,331(4):351-354
Summary Opioid activities of human -casomorphin-4,-5,-7 and -8 and, for comparison, of the corresponding bovine -casomorphins were studied in the guinea-pig ileum preparation. Binding parameters, i.e. K
d
-values and binding site concentrations, for the interaction of human and bovine -casomorphins with opioid receptors in rat brain homogenates were determined in inhibition experiments, using [3H]-(d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5)enkephalin, [3H]-(d-Ala2, d-Leu5)enkephalin and [3H]ethylketazocin as -, - and -opioid receptor ligands. Analysis of binding data was performed using a non-linear curve fitting program. All -casomorphins examined displayed opioid activity. The affinity was highest for -receptors, less so for -receptors and lowest for -receptors. It is suggested that human -casomorphins might play a role as food hormones. 相似文献
10.
P33ING1在胃癌组织中的表达及其意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的:探讨P33ING1表达在 胃癌发生、发展过程中的病理生物学及临床意义。方法: 应用免疫组 化EnVision法,分别检测了原发性胃癌(71例)、胃粘膜不典型增生(12例)、正常胃粘膜 或慢性胃炎粘膜(18例)组织中P33ING1的表达,以及P53和Bcl-2在胃癌组织中的表 达情况。结果:胃粘膜不典型增生组及对照组(正常胃粘膜或慢性胃炎 粘膜)P33ING1均呈阳性表达,胃癌组织P33ING1表达率仅为62.0%(44/71),显 著低于前两组(P<0.01)。胃癌组织中P33ING1表达与肿瘤的浸润、淋巴结的转 移 及分化有关(P<0.01);P53表达与肿瘤大小、浸润、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.01);B cl-2与肿瘤的淋巴结转移及分化有关(P<0.05)。P33ING1与P53在胃癌组织中 的表达有相关性(P<0.05),与Bcl-2则无相关性。结论:P33 ING1在胃癌组织中表达下降,对胃癌发生、发展可能起重要作用。同时检测P33ING 1与P53的表达水平,对于原发性胃癌的诊断和治疗可能具有积极意义。 相似文献