Evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor hasta los 3 años de edad de niños españoles concebidos por técnicas de reproducción asistida (FIV/ICSI): estudio prospectivo de cohorte controlado

IntroductionMore than five million children have been conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART) around the world. Most authors agree that there are no differences in psychomotor development in comparison to naturally conceived children. However, these results are still contradictory.ObjectiveTo determine whether children born from a cohort of ART-clinical gestations have a higher risk of suffering neurodevelopmental disorders in comparison to a control group. The potential associated ART-factors associated were also determined.Material and methodsThe study included the assessment of children up to 3 years old conceived by ART, and born from a cohort of women treated by the reproduction unit of a public hospital from May 2012 to May 2014. A simultaneous assessment was made of matched controls, by following the newborn naturally conceived after the ART-case, of the same group of maternal age, gestational age, and type of gestation.ResultsThere were 243 clinical gestations and 267 ART-newborns, of which 231 were assessed (87%). A simultaneous assessment was carried out in 208/230 controls (90%). There were no differences in neurodevelopmental disorders (global developmental delay, autism spectrum or language delay). Multivariate analysis of potential ART factors only showed an association between transfer of frozen embryos with language delay that has not been previously described.ConclusionsThere were no differences between groups after adjusting the results according to maternal age, multiple pregnancy, and other possible confounding factors, supporting that the role of these factors may be more relevant than the ART itself. The association between frozen embryo transfer and language delay has not been previously described. Thus, more studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship.     

针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的网状Meta分析＊

目的 运用网状Meta分析方法评价针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的疗效。方法 运用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、维普（VIP）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM），搜寻有关针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎的随机对照试验。所有研究人员均独立纳排文献、提录资料、风险评估，对符合质量标准的RCT研究采用Stata16.0和Review Manager 5.4软件进行分析。结果 共检索出6561篇文献，最终纳入37项研究，涉及10种针灸联合关节松动术方法。总样本量2890例，其中试验组1432例，对照组1458例。网状Meta分析所得结果表明：①在总有效率方面，最好的3种治疗方法为内热针联合组、温针联合组、动筋针联合组；②在降低VAS评分方面，最好的3种治疗方法为内热针联合组、动筋针联合组、针刀联合组。结论 针灸联合关节松动术治疗肩周炎疗效总体优于单独使用，且内热针联合组具有最佳的疗效。     

肩关节周围炎的循证针灸治疗

目的:从循证医学的角度,向临床医生介绍肩关节周围炎的循证针灸治疗方案的确立方法.方法:以一位具体的肩关节周围炎患者为例,介绍如何提出临床问题,怎样检索相关文献,如何对所检索的文献进行评价,如何结合本病例的具体情况和医生的个人经验,运用所检索的证据拟定治疗方案.结果:采用按照循证医学方法确立的肩关节周围炎的针灸治疗方案治疗15次后,患者生活质量明显好转.结论:通过临床提出问题、寻找证据、分析证据、循证决策、循证实践过程,不但患者可达到满意疗效,主管医生也提高了理论水平和临床能力.     

Functional outcome and general health status in patients after arthroscopic release in adhesive capsulitis

Frozen shoulder is said to be a self-limiting entity but full recovery often takes more than 2 years. For that, most patients are unwilling to tolerate painful restriction while awaiting resolution. We prospectively investigated 30 patients (16 women, 14 men) for the outcome of arthroscopic capsular release in idiopathic frozen shoulder. Results were determined by the assessment of subjective and objective parameters to estimate both shoulder function and general health status. Symptoms persisted without improvement for a minimum of 6 months of conservative treatment. Preoperative average American shoulder and elbow surgeons score (ASES) was 35, visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain was 7, and simple shoulder test (SST) was 4. Mean scores of the physical component of SF-36 were considerably reduced. Mean forward elevation was 85°, average abduction was 70°, mean internal rotation was 15°, and mean external rotation was 10°. Patients were followed-up at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 months and by a mean of 36 months. Range of motion for all planes improved (P < 0.05). Median VAS reduced to 2, average ASES increased to 91, and SST enhanced to a mean of 10 (P < 0.05). We stated improvement of the physical components in the SF-36 questionnaire in particular bodily pain and the role-physical score. There were no significant differences between the measurements in the early postoperative phase compared to the mid-term follow-up (P > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that arthroscopic release of refractory idiopathic frozen shoulder combined with a gentle manipulation provides reliable expectations for improvement in both clinical and general health status for most patients. We recommend the use of a limb-specific and a general-health-status questionnaire to conclude the benefit of the surgical intervention and contribute the optimization of a therapy concept more effectively.     

关节镜下松解术治疗冻结肩25例报告

目的探讨关节镜下松解术治疗冻结肩的疗效.方法2001年10月～2003年10月,我院对25例冻结肩在关节镜下行松解术.全麻下肩关节后路进镜,前路进射频电刀烧灼肱二头肌长头肌腱及肩袖间隙部位的滑膜充血炎症区,切割盂肱上韧带、盂肱中韧带、肩胛下肌肌腱关节囊内部分,手法松解剩余挛缩.25例术后3、6个月随访肩关节活动范围及美国肩肘协会评分(ASES).结果手术时间75～98 min,平均85 min.无术中并发症.25例除术后1周肩关节内旋与术前无明显改善外(x2=8.558,P=0.073),术后各个时期肩关节其它活动范围比术前均有明显改善(P＜0.05).术后3个月和6个月比术后1周改善更明显(P＜0.05).25例术后3个月和6个月ASES评分(87.4±4.6,88.1±6.0)均比术前(45.8±10.0)明显改善(q=28.738,29.221;P＜0.05),但3个月与6个月评分相比较无显著性差异(q=0.484,P＞0.05).结论肩关节镜下手术松解冻结肩可以明显缩短病程,取得稳定满意的效果.     

One-stage versus two-stage lymph node dissection after investigation of sentinel lymph node in cutaneous melanoma: a comparison of complications, costs, hospitalization times, and operation times

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether complication rate, costs, operation times, and hospitalization times differed in two different patient groups: in group 1, frozen section analysis of the sentinel lymph node and lymph node dissection were carried out in the same operation. In group 2, normal investigation of the sentinel lymph node and lymph node dissection were done in a second operation. One hundred thirty-five patients with cutaneous melanoma were included. Hospitalization times, costs, complication rates, and operation times of two-stage and one-stage lymph node dissection of the draining area after detection of metastases in the sentinel lymph node were retrospectively compared. Lymph node metastasis in the sentinel lymph node was found in 23 patients. In 11 patients, removal of the sentinel lymph node and dissection of the lymph node basin was performed in the same operation. In 12 patients, a two-stage procedure was the treatment of choice. Operation times were not different in the two groups (p=0.87) while two-stage operation patients were hospitalized significantly longer (14.2 ± 9.7 vs 23.9 ± 24 days; p=0.01) and costs were significantly higher (7,836.90 ± 2,397.95 Swiss francs vs 5,279.40 ± 1,994.90 Swiss francs). In addition, more complications were found in the two-stage group.     

不同冷冻剂型和稀释保护剂对Beagle犬精液冷冻的影响

目的通过对Beagle犬精液冷冻技术的研究,比较颗粒法以及冻管法(0．5 ml)对冷冻精子复苏率的影响,并比较几种冷冻稀释保护液对犬精液冷冻的影响。方法 5只1岁左右可正常采精的雄性Beagle犬,手握法采集精液,以不同稀释冷冻保护液处理后,分别采用颗粒及冻管法冷冻,检测冻精前的精液量、精子密度、畸形率、解冻后活率、复苏率和顶体完整率。结果采用颗粒法和冻管法的平均冻后活率相应为0．38和0．41,复苏率51．9％和53．9％,顶体完整率36．4％和37．6％, 采用冻管法的效果稍优于颗粒法,但差异不显著。应用冷冻保护剂Ⅲ,冻后活率、复苏率和顶体完整率均优于采用稀释冷冻保护剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,但只有顶体完整率(40．7％和41．3％)与其它两种保护剂相比达到差异显著的水平。结论采用文献中报道的稀释保护液配方均可获得较好的稀释保护效果。     

135例神经系统病变术中冰冻诊断结果分析

背景与目的：中枢神经系统疾病冰冻切片诊断的误诊率较其他脏器相对较高，文献报导误诊率在1．6-13．2％，误诊率较高的肿瘤包括脑膜间叶性肿瘤，血管母细胞瘤，淋巴瘤及少枝胶质细胞瘤。本文总结和探讨神经系统病变术中诊断存在的问题，以提高神经系统病变术中诊断的质量。方法：我们回顾性地研究了4年中所进行的135例神经外科术中送检冰冻标本的诊断，并对照相应石蜡标本的诊断结果进行了分析比较。结果：发现冰冻切片诊断错误9例，误诊率为6．67％。误诊病例包括：星形细胞瘤1／73例（误诊率1．4％），室管膜瘤3／4例（误诊率75％），小脑髓母细胞瘤1，5例（误诊率20％），嗅神经母细胞瘤1，2例（误诊率50％），中枢神经细胞瘤1，2例（误诊率50％），脉络丛肿瘤1，2例（误诊率50％），非肿瘤性病变1，9例（误诊率11．1％）。结论：发生在脑室外的室管膜瘤易发生误诊；小脑髓母细胞瘤、嗅神经母细胞瘤等出现滤泡样结构或表现出结节样的结构时可能与转移性低分化癌混淆；脑组织中血管畸形伴血肿形成，由于常并发出现显著的胶质细胞反应而导致肿瘤的诊断。