椎管镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症并侧隐窝狭窄

目的 :探讨椎管镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症并侧隐窝狭窄的临床效果。方法 :采用显微内窥镜椎间盘切除系统治疗腰椎间盘突出症并侧隐窝狭窄 860例。结果 :临床疗效参照NaKai分级 ,70 9例获得随访 ,平均 2年 7个月 ,优 ,5 5 9例 ;良 ,12 7例 ;可 ,2 3例。结论 :椎管镜技术是治疗腰椎间盘疾病安全有效的方法 ,住院时间短 ,恢复快 ,但操作技术有待进一步提高。     

经椎板间隙入路显微内窥镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨经椎板间隙入路显微内窥镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术适应证，手术存在问题及解决方法。方法：用METRX治疗腰椎间盘突出症l16例，详细介绍手术过程、操作技巧、手术适应证和术中注意问题。结果；平均随访15．1个月，按Nakal疗效评定分级属优90例，良22例，可2例，差2例，优良率96．6％。结论：严格掌握手术适应证、准确定位、娴熟操作技巧、彻底止血、术后有计划的康复训练是手术成功的关键。     

腰椎间盘巨大突出手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘巨大突出的临床特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析本院1999～2002年住院手术并有随访资料的77例。结果随访6～36个月,平均17.2个月,按Nakal疗效评价,优61例,良10例,可6例。优良率92.2%。结论手术治疗腰椎间盘巨大突出疗效确切,明确诊断后,应尽早手术治疗。     

经皮椎间盘切吸联合硬膜外神经松解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的:通过联合应用经皮椎间盘切吸和硬膜外神经松解术治疗非包容性腰椎间盘突出症,评价联合治疗的可行性、有效性及安全性。方法:2014年5月-2017年10月,119例非包容性腰椎间盘突出症患者中64例单纯行经皮椎间盘切吸术(切吸组),55例行经皮椎间盘切吸联合硬膜外神经松解术(联合组)。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index.,0DI)评价手术疗效。结果:119例患者全部顺利完成手术,无手术相关严重并发症发生。全部患者获随访,随访时间11-18个月,平均(13±2.8)个月。术后1个月、3个月和6个月:联合治疗组相比单纯切吸组在VAS评分(2.73±1.33vs.4.16±1.17;2.51±1.24 vs.3.71±1.19;2.48±1.16 vs.3.96±1.37)及临床疗效评估(37.50%vs74.55%;45.31%vs76.36%;43.75%vs78.18%)均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:应用经皮椎间盘切吸联合硬膜外神经松解术两种微创介入技术序贯治疗非包容性腰椎间盘突出症疗效确切,手术安全性高,创伤小,有望成为非包容性腰椎间盘突出症的--种微创高效的治疗手段。     

PELD及 MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床比较研究

目的：比较经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术（PELD）与后路显微内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术（MED）治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效。方法：采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法,选取2012年2月－2013年6月90例术前确诊为单节段腰椎间盘突出症的患者,随机分为PELD组和MED组各45例,采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评估疗效。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术。PELD组平均术中透视次数16．4次,切口长度8．5mm,手术时间88．3min,手术失血10．8mL,术后卧床5．9h,住院3．6d;MED组平均术中透视次数2．5次,切口长度16．4mm,手术时间51.4min,手术失血32．8mL,术后卧床73．1h,住院6．5d。PELD组较MED组术中透视次数更多、手术时间更长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但在手术切口长度、手术出血量、术后卧床时间和住院时间的比较上,PELD组优于MED组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术后VAS、ODI评分与术前比较,均明显改善（P〈0．05）,两组之间VAS评分、0DI评分术后改善率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在严格选择手术适应证的情况下,PELD和MED均具有安全有效、手术创伤小、出血量少、并发症发生率低、术后恢复快等优点,但是PELD是一种更加理想的微创手术。     

开窗腰椎间盘切除再手术的远期疗效

目的探讨开窗腰椎间盘切除再手术治疗初次开窗髓核摘除术失败患者的远期疗效和影响因素。方法回顾性研究51例行第二次开窗腰椎间盘切除术的患者临床资料,随访时间120~203个月,平均随访146.8个月。按MacNab分类和JOA评分标准评价满意度和远期功能。对放射学资料完整的患者进行手术前后椎间隙高度对比研究。结果51例患者中,结果优良率70.6%,失败率15.7%,患者总体满意率78.4%。除了8例失败患者,远期随访的43例患者JOA评分平均提高(64.6±18.2)%,术后行走能力明显改善。对手术节段椎间隙高度测量发现术后椎间隙高度明显下降,但不影响远期功能结果。吸烟、是否有外伤等发病诱因、合并纤维化和初次术后症状未缓解期对远期结果有影响。心理社会因素与预后可能存在一定关系。结论开窗腰椎间盘切除再手术治疗初次开窗髓核摘除术失败患者疗效满意,但手术复杂性高,明确术前诊断和严格手术指征非常重要。JOA评分被证明为易于患者和医师实施,量化主观数据的评估法。     

腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者行髓核摘除术的手术方式及治疗效果。方法对我院2002～2010年214例行髓核摘除术的腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,行开窗髓核摘除137例,半椎板切除髓核摘除49例,全椎板切除髓核摘除28例,其中18例予以椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合。结果本组214例行手术治疗,均获成功,平均手术时间（90.0±12.5）min,平均失血量（50.2±21.2）mL,平均住院（17.8±9.2）d。术后并发脑脊液漏3例,椎间隙感染2例,均经对症治疗后好转,所有患者均顺利出院。本组214例患者中148例术后获随访,平均随访时间2.8年,按Nakai评定标准,优84例（56.8%）,良50例（33.8%）,可10例（6.8%）,差4例（2.7%）,优良率为90.5%。结论髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效确切,严格掌握手术适应证、术式的选择、术后并发症的治疗及术后康复训练是提高手术疗效的关键。     

Preoperative and postoperative assessment of temporal and masseter muscle size with magnetic resonance imaging in patients undergoing unilateral temporomandibular joint surgery

The aim of this study was to assess any change between the preoperative and postoperative sizes of temporal and masseter muscles with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients undergoing unilateral temporomandibular joint surgery.This study was designed and implemented retrospectively. For clinical evaluation, a visual analog scale (VAS) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were used. In order to make a preoperative diagnosis and perform a 6-month control, muscle size was measured in millimeters (mm) on T1 axial sections in MRI. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 23.0 software package. Numeric variables were compared between two dependent groups using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Twelve patients who underwent unilateral discectomy plus dermis-fat grafting, with classical preauricular inverse L incision, were included in the study, and data for eleven female patients were evaluated. The difference in size between the operated and non-operated sides was found to be statistically insignificant at the preoperative stage for both masseter muscle (operated side m^M: 13.264 ± 1.822 mm; non-operated side m^M: 13.264 ± 2.315 mm; p^M = 0.929) and temporal muscle (operated side m^T: 20.345 ± 2.609 mm; non-operated side m^T: 20.582 ± 2.366 mm; p^T = 0.594). There was a significant size reduction in the masseter muscle on the operated side in the postoperative period (preop m^M: 13.264 ± 1.822 mm; postop m^M: 12.036 ± 1.728 mm; p^M = 0.018). Although there was also a size reduction in the operated side of the temporal muscle in the postoperative period, that difference did not reach statistical significance (preop m^T: 20.345 ± 2.609 mm; postop m^T: 19.445 ± 1.603 mm; p^T = 0.182). On the non-operated side, there were no significant postoperative changes in the sizes of either the masseter muscle (preop m^M: 13.264 ± 2.315 mm; postop m^M: 12.682 ± 2.059 mm; p^M = 0.248) or the temporal muscle (preop m^T: 20.582 ± 2.366; postop m^T: 19.891 ± 3.487 mm; p^T = 0.625).Considering the study findings as a whole, a size reduction was observed in the operated side of the masseter muscle after TMJ surgery. The etiology of this change may be surgical trauma to the temporal and masseter muscles, skeletal alteration resulting from condylar change secondary to discectomy, and patients restraining themselves from application of maximum bite force as a result of a self-protection mechanism due to postoperative pain.