The relational underpinnings of quality internal auditing in medical clinics in Israel

Internal auditing is a key mechanism in enhancing organizational reliability. However, research on the ways quality internal auditing is enabled through learning, deterrence, motivation and process improvement is scant. In particular, the relational underpinnings of internal auditing have been understudied. This study attempts to address this need by examining how organizational trust, perceived organizational support and psychological safety enable internal auditing. Data collected from employees in medical clinics of one of the largest healthcare organizations in Israel at two points in time six months apart. Our results show that organizational trust and perceived organizational support are positively related to psychological safety (measured at time 1), which, in turn, is associated with internal auditing (measured at time 2).     

Leukemia,lymphoma, and multiple myeloma following selected medical conditions

The role of selected prior medical conditions in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies was examined in a case-control study of members of two regional branches of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (USA). Past history of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal disorders was abstracted from medical records for leukemia (n = 299), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 100), and multiple myeloma (n = 175) cases and matched controls (n = 787). Little difference was found between cases and controls for most of the chronic conditions evaluated, including sinusitis, carbuncles, urinary tract infections, pelvic infections, herpes zoster, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bursitis, and gout. Only three statistically significant elevated risks were found, i.e., with combined disc disease myeloma among patients with prior eczema and disk and other musculoskeletal conditions, and NHL following tuberculosis. Only two of these associations showed consistent patterns by sex and geographic region (myeloma with eczema and with musculoskeletal conditions). While prior history of eczema and musculoskeletal conditions may slightly increase risk of myeloma, this study provided little if any support for an association of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal conditions with subsequent occurrence of the leukemias or NHL. Additionally, these data did not support a role for chronic antigenic stimulation, as defined in previous epidemiologic studies, in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies.Ms Doody and Drs Linet, Pottern, Boice, and Fraumeni are with the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute. Dr Glass is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA. Dr Friedman is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland, California, USA. Address correspondence to Ms Doody, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 408, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. This research was supported in part by National Cancer Institute contracts NO1-CP-01047, NO1-CP-01054, NO1-CP-11009, NO1-CP-11037, NO1-CP-31035, and NO1-CP-61006.     

Self-selection of enrollers at the creation of a managed care organization

Factors affecting choice between a managed care organization(MCO) and a fee-for-service insurance plan were examined whenthe University of Geneva health insurance plan was transformedinto an MCO, in October 1992. A case-control study using a mailedquestionnaire (response rate 84%) was conducted to compare formermembers who joined the MCO (joiners, n=421) to former memberswho opted out in order to keep fee-for-service coverage (non-joiners,n=222). Non-joiners were more likely to be women (odds ratio(OR) from multivariate model was 1.15, p=0.50), to be born inSwitzerland (OR=2.04, p<0.01), to have an annual income >75,000Swiss francs (OR=2.00, p<0.01), to have a personal physician(OR=1.96, p<0.01) and to have consulted a specialist (OR=1.69,p=0.02) or used unconventional medicine (OR=4.59, p<0.01)in the past year. During the previous year, non-joiners hadmore health care visits than joiners (14.6 versus 9.1, p=0.01).Non-joiners reported better mental health and fewer complainedof persistent fatigue (OR=2.18, p=0.03). The choice of healthplan was strongly influenced by socio-demographic characteristics,past patterns of health services utilization and health status.The self-selection process was paradoxical: MCO joiners hadused fewer health care visits than non-joiners, but their self-reportedhealth status was worse. The differences we have observed betweenself-selected populations have important implications for thefinancial performance of competing health care delivery systems.     

Successful navigation of late career transitions

The purpose of this educational review was to describe the challenges that may face the anesthesiologist near the end of their career and to propose strategies that will enable the individual to continue to be a productive and valued member of their Department, both clinically and by other contributions.     

Associations and community health workers: analysis and time trends over ten years of training-action

ObjectiveTo analyse the profile of the persons and associations that participated in the course, quantify peer education activities and analyse their evolution.MethodA quantitative study using an analysis of the course records from 2009 to 2018 was designed for this purpose inside mihsalud program designed to promote health amongst persons in vulnerable situations in the city of Valencia (Spain). It offers a yearly training-action course of community health workers (CHW) that is attended by persons who have been proposed by associations. The associations were defined according to their population (immigrant, local or intercultural) and the CHWs according to gender, country of birth, year of course, association and continuity after training. Means and confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and a bivariate analysis was conducted in order to compare the activities that took place in 2009 to 2013 with those of 2014 to 2018. The time trends were analysed by applying linear regression models that included the different years studied as the dependent variable.Results201 CHW of 31 nationalities were trained, 81.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75.5-86.7] were women. Eighty-two associations participated, 51.2% (95% CI: 39.9-62.4] worked with culturally diverse populations. Participation by associations (p = .017) and CHWs (p = .377) increased in a statistically significant manner over the years. After the course, 35.3% (95% CI: 28.7-42.4] of the CHWs continued to collaborate voluntarily in the associations.ConclusionsThe results of the CHW training-action course improve over time given that a significant increase in participation by associations and women can be seen, along with a greater number of activities completed during the training. One effect of this is that CHWs are contracted or carry out voluntary activities in the associations.     

学习型图书馆的理论与实践

以彼得.圣吉博士的学习型组织作为学习型图书馆的理论基础,探讨了学习型社会对图书馆和图书馆员的要求和建立学习型图书馆的必要性,阐述了学习型图书馆的特征,以及如何建立学习型图书馆。     

社区主观认知下降老年人的运动认知风险综合征发生情况及影响因素研究

背景 运动认知风险综合征(MCR)及主观认知下降(SCD)均为老年人认知下降的早期阶段,MCR目前被认为是一种新型的痴呆前期有效预测综合征,早期对SCD老年人群进行MCR筛查,确定其影响因素,对减少老年人群痴呆及相关不良健康事件的发生具有重要意义。目的 了解社区SCD老年人的MCR发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法 从2019年1月至2022年1月于北京某社区开展的长期队列研究中选取SCD老年人(≥60岁)459例为研究对象。SCD的评估联合使用了简版老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)中有关记忆的问题和蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表中文版(MoCA-B)。采用6 m步速测定法评估老年人的步速,以同时存在SCD和步速下降者为MCR组,以不存在步速下降者为非MCR组。采用自设问卷收集患者一般资料、生理因素、生活方式指标、心理因素、营养状态、患病情况、用药史等信息。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析SCD老年人发生MCR的影响因素。结果 459例社区SCD老年人中,发生MCR者125例(27.23%)。MCR组和非MCR组老年人的年龄、基础性日常生活活动能力(BADL)、工具性日常生活活动能力(IAD...     

我国医疗卫生组织应用卓越绩效模式的实践与探讨

卓越绩效模式是一种组织综合绩效管理的有效方法和工具,在世界数十个国家和地区的数千家组织中得以应用并取得了良好效果,已成为追求卓越绩效表现的国际标准并被广泛认可。在医改中引入卓越绩效模式有助于改善医疗卫生体系绩效。本文介绍了卓越绩效模式的概念、独特性以及医疗卫生组织应用卓越绩效模式的意义,对卓越绩效模式在国内外医疗卫生组织中的应用情况进行比较分析。目前卓越绩效模式在国内医疗卫生组织的应用较少,卓越绩效模式还未能充分发挥其潜力。国内卓越绩效评审应进一步明确对医疗卫生组织的导向,加强制度保障和组织管理,促进卓越绩效模式在医疗卫生组织中的应用。     

我国艾滋病防治领域非政府组织绩效评价体系构建研究

非政府组织已经成为我国艾滋病防治工作中的一支重要力量。在其蓬勃发展的同时也暴露出一些不足。绩效评价体系的建立,可以发现非政府组织发展中的不足和困境,从而为艾滋病防治工作提供决策参考。当前我国艾滋病防治领域非政府组织的绩效评价工作仍处于起步阶段,评价目标、主体以及指标方法都有待进一步完善。在今后的工作中,需要明确组织的公益身份,提高评估意识;建立多层次、专业化的评估队伍,确保评价全面;结合艾滋病防治领域现状,保证指标具体化,方法科学化。     

Hybrids do it better: Lessons from websites of hybrid organizations in modern health movements

ABSTRACT

Hybrid organizations in modern health movements adopt multiple organizational logistics, allowing them to more effectively achieve social change. We conducted an analysis of 152 probreastfeeding organization websites categorized as institutionalized organizations, grassroots organizations, or hybrid organizations. Through a series of ANOVA analyses, we found that hybrid’s websites provide significantly more useful health care information, better maintained dialogue with members, more efficiently mobilized members, commoditized health care issues less, and created member identity while maintaining institutional ties. Ultimately, hybrids tended to incorporate the positive elements from both grassroots and institutional organizations, while rejecting many of the negative elements.