78例胃窦癌的治疗分析

自１９８８年２月至１９９２年８月期间手术治疗的７８例胃窦癌患者进行了回顾性分析，手术后肿瘤复发的情况，与十二指肠断端有无癌细胞残存密切相关，并发现于幽门环下切断十二指肠少于３ｃｍ者有癌细胞残存达３４％，切除十二指肠达３ｃｍ者，无论肿瘤分化程度如何，恶性程度高低，切除断端均无癌细胞残存，手术后辅以化疗，对于病人的预后有一定提高。本组随访到的５９例病人中，接受化疗的３３例，在２年３个月至６年１个月内死亡７例（２１．２％），未接受化疗的２６例，在５个月至３年８个月内死亡的２６例，在５个月至３年８个月内死亡９例（３５％）。     

CpG ODN增强乙肝疫苗在老年小鼠中的免疫应答

目的：探讨CpG ODN对老年小鼠的体液和细胞免疫应答的增强作用。方法：选用老年C57BL／6小鼠，将乙肝疫苗和10μg、20μg CpG ODN同时或单独肌注到小鼠体内，两周后以同样剂量加强免疫一次，再过3周后摘除眼球取血，用EILSA方法检测抗HBs16；抗体和IL-12；无菌取脾脏作HE染色，观察脾脏淋巴细胞变化。结果：10μg和20μg CpG ODN与疫苗同时注射组产生的抗体绝对量分别是单独注射疫苗组的3倍和4倍；产生的IL-12水平较对照组有明显升高，且20μg比10μCpG组产生的IL-12水平更高。光镜下各组的脾脏淋巴细胞的变化如下：正常老年鼠组脾脏淋巴细胞较正常青年鼠组明显稀少；老年鼠 10μgCpG组脾脏淋巴细胞较正常老年鼠组有了明显增加，且细胞核也明显增大；20μgCpG组增加的更加明显。结论：CpG ODN能增强乙肝疫苗在老年小鼠中的体液和细胞免疫应答。     

Th免疫反应在以壳聚糖为佐剂的幽门螺杆菌疫苗免疫保护中的作用

目的：探讨以壳聚糖为佐剂的脚疫苗的免疫保护作用及其机理。方法：BALB／c小鼠随机分为7组：空白对照组、壳聚糖酸溶液组、壳聚糖颗粒组、却抗原组、脚抗原＋壳聚糖酸溶液组、却抗原＋壳聚糖颗粒组和脚抗原＋CT组，各组于第0、7、14和21天灌胃各免疫1次，末次免疫后4周给予SS1Hp菌攻击，隔日1次，共2次。在攻击前后分批处死小鼠，取胃黏膜检测坳和Th1、Th2细胞因子含量，同时检测血清中抗Hp IgG2a和IgG1含量。结果：①以壳聚糖为佐剂的坳疫苗的免疫保护率达60％，与以CT为佐剂的印疫苗的免疫保护率（58．33％）相似，显著高于单纯脚抗原组及其他不含Hp抗原组（P〈0．001～0．05）。②却攻击后胃黏膜内IFN-γ、IL-2和IL-12含量在含佐剂组显著高于无抗原和无佐剂组（P〈0．001～0．05）；③坳攻击后胃黏膜内IL-4含量在以壳聚糖颗粒为佐剂组显著高于以CT为佐剂组（P〈0．05），以壳聚糖溶液为佐剂组显著高于对照组、无佐剂组及佐剂中含CT组（P〈0．001～0．05）。结论：以壳聚糖为佐剂的坳疫苗对脚感染具有免疫保护作用，同时可促进Th1和Th2的混合免疫反应。     

Immunochemical characterization of mouse brain-associated theta (Thy-1) antigen.

The Thy-1 antigens or rat brain and thymus have been isolated and chemically characterized, but those of mice have not been identified. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the antigens are glycolipids or glycoproteins. This study with highly purified preparations of gangliosides GM₁, ¹GD_1a, GD_1b and GT_1b from bovine brain and several ganglioside fractions from mouse brain showed that Thy-1 activity does not reside in gangliosides, but rather in the chloroform-methanol-insoluble residue of brain remaining after extraction of gangliosides. The antigen could be solubilized from this residue with a non-ionic detergent. The antigenic activity of the solubilized preparation was heat-labile but resistant to periodate. The chemical properties of the Thy-1 antigen of mouse brain are discussed.     

雷公藤多甙对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠ICAM-1的影响

目的:探讨口服雷公藤多甙对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis AA)的治疗作用,以及对外周淋巴器官中细胞黏附分子ICAM-1水平的影响.方法:制备大鼠AA模型,应用免疫组化法检测口服和未口服雷公藤多甙的大鼠淋巴器官中ICAM-1水平的变化;观察口服雷公藤多甙前后关节的肿胀度.结果:口服雷公藤多甙的AA大鼠的外周淋巴器官中ICAM-1的水平明显低于未口服雷公藤多甙的AA大鼠,关节炎症状明显改善.结论:口服雷公藤多甙可以有效降低ICAM-1水平,从而治疗佐剂性关节炎.     

诱骗受体DcR3对佐剂型关节炎大鼠模型的作用分析

目的 研究诱骗受体DcR3 对佐剂型关节炎(AA)大鼠模型的作用及其机理.方法 注射弗式完全佐剂建立大鼠佐剂型关节炎(AA)模型,尾静脉注射DcR3蛋白,观察大鼠关节肿胀度、间接 ELISA 检测血清和滑膜液中细胞因子IL-1 β、TNF-α、IFN-γ的变化.RT-PCR检测滑膜和淋巴细胞中DcR3、Fas、FasL mRNA的表达以及脾脏中TGF-β、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10 mRNA的表达.Western blot分析滑膜细胞中Caspase-8、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2蛋白的表达.结果 DcR3 治疗AA大鼠后,足肿胀度降低;血液和滑膜液的IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平下降;脾脏中TGF-β、IFN-γ、TNF-α mRNA 表达下调,IL-4、IL-10 mRNA表达上调;滑膜细胞中Caspase-8、Caspase-3蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调. 结论 DcR3 可以用于实验性大鼠AA的治疗,其治疗机制与调节滑膜细胞FasL、Fas mRNA的表达和血液淋巴细胞中 Fas mRNA的表达,促进滑膜细胞和自身反应性淋巴细胞的凋亡;调节脾脏细胞Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡相关.本研究为进一步阐明RA的发病机理奠定了重要基础,为有效治疗RA提供了新思路.     

Principles of cancer treatment by radiotherapy

Radiotherapy (or radiation therapy) uses ionizing radiation to selectively kill cancer cells, especially for solid tumours. Like surgery, it is meant to be a ‘local’ treatment, although its beneficial systemic effects are being discovered. It is most commonly used in addition to surgery (adjuvant, e.g. breast), but its role in the neoadjuvant setting in combination with chemotherapy for some cancers (e.g. rectum) is also established. In early stages of cancer, it can be the definitive treatment, avoiding surgery and enabling organ preservation (e.g. larynx), while in late stages, it can provide excellent palliation (e.g. bone metastasis). Radiotherapy can be delivered at various energy levels (kiloVolts, megaVolts), with various subatomic particles (e.g. electrons, protons, and high-energy electromagnetic radiation). The traditional bulky equipment (e.g. linear accelerator) needs to be housed in an underground bunker and uses complex imaging to improve precision and avoid radiation to normal tissues. Fractionated regimens spanning several days reduce individual doses. Modern techniques using mobile devices (e.g. TARGIT-IORT) can deliver radiotherapy during surgery with the highest precision and immediacy.     

The role of CDK4/6 inhibitors in early breast cancer

The use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) has proven to be a successful strategy in the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR⁺) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2^-) breast cancer (BC), leading to a strong interest in their possible role in the treatment of early luminal BC. In this review we collect the most relevant and recent information on the use of CDK4/6i for the treatment of early BC in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Specifically, we evaluate the results of the large phase 3 adjuvant trials recently released, which have yielded apparently divergent results. We also examine the relevance of biomarkers as response predictive factors for CDI4/6i, the combination between radiotherapy and CDK4/6i, and provide a critical discussion on the evidence that we have so far and future directions of the role of these drugs in the treatment of early BC.     

磷酸钙作为佐剂应用在乙肝核酸疫苗中的可能性研究

目的：研究使用磷酸钙作为乙ＤＮＡ疫苗的佐剂,诱导机体免疫反应的可能性,方法：磷酸钙与疫苗ＤＮＡ制备出磷酸钙－ＤＮＡ共沉物,免疫小鼠,检测外周血抗体,观察免疫应答反应,结果：磷酸钙－ＤＮＡ共沉物能激发机体免疫应答反应。结论：佐剂在核酸疫苗的应用值得进一步研究。     

5－Fu佐剂包裹物的抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

本文作了福氏完全佐剂（Ｆｒｅｕｎｄ’ｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅａｄｊｕｖａｎｔ,ＦＣＡ）包裹５－Ｆｕ的抗肿瘤作用的实验研究。在对小鼠Ｓ１８０肿瘤（腹水型）,ＥＡＣ肿瘤（腹水型）及Ｈ２２肝癌（腹水型）荷瘤鼠的治疗实验中,一次性腹腔注射２ｍｇ～６ｍｇ的５－Ｆｕ（相当于７０公斤人给予７７８～２３３４ｍｇ的剂量）均不能显著延长荷瘤鼠的存活期,盐水ＦＣＡ亦无治疗作用,而５－ＦｕＦＣＡ却显示出显著的治疗效果。４次实验,５－ＦＵ－ＦＣＡ治疗组荷瘤鼠平均存活期３０．６天～４８．３天,均显著长于同次实验的各对照组,且每次实验都有２／８至３／８的荷瘤鼠可完全治愈。