消炎痛治疗宫内放环后出血

积极治疗节育手术并发症是搞好计划生育的一个重要环节。月经异常是宫内放置节育环的主要并发症，也是节育环停止使用的主要原因。近几年来本人采用消炎痛治疗官内放环后月经异常，取得了良好的效果。     

妇女月经周期睡眠行为变化

目的 观察在月经周期中,妇女睡眠活动的变化。方法 本工作以问卷填表方式调查在月经周期中妇女睡眠行为的变化,应用多道睡眠脑电图观察在卵泡期和黄体期睡眠脑电波形的变化。结果 与黄体期比较,在卵泡期妇女多梦、记忆清楚,易醒、再入睡困难,白天精力体力差,自 感觉没睡好,总睡眠时间无显著差异,总睡眠分值低;与黄体期比较,卵泡期快波睡眠时间延长,慢波2期和4期睡眠时间缩短。结论 在月经周期中,妇女睡眠行为的变化系由体内雌激素浓度变化所致。     

Consciousness and disturbances of consciousness

Summary The problem of consciousness is discussed briefly, including the contrary views of consciousness as a transcendental phenomenon and as an animistic fiction. Measurement of consciousness is possible only indirectly by means of quantitative assessment of accompanying behavioral deficits.Knowledge of the structural basis of consciousness is incomplete. The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) is necessary for the maintenance of the state of consciousness. The monoamine and a great number of descending projections modulate the ARAS. The contents of consciousness depend also on telencephalic structures, primarily on the telencephalic cortex. Certain localized telencephalic lesions bring about disturbances of consciousness. The role of the corpus callosum in the problem of consciousness is discussed (one brain—two minds hypothesis).Then a classification of the various disturbances of consciousness is proposed. The term disturbances of vigilance is used for all disturbances of consciousness which are caused by a lesion in or a functional disorder of the ARAS or any of its modulating subsystems. The term disturbances of the contents of consciousness refers to disturbances of consciousness due to global or localized lesions or functional disorders of telencephalic structures. A list of characteristic features is given for each class of disturbance of consciousness.

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Zusammenfassung Das Problem Bewußtsein wird kurz skizziert. Dabei werden die gegensätzlichen Auffassungen über Bewußtsein als transzendentales Phänomen bzw. als animistische Fiktion erörtert. Die Messung von Bewußtsein ist indirekt nur über die Bestimmung des begleitenden Verhaltensdefizits möglich. Die Kenntnis über die strukturellen Grundlagen des Bewußtseins ist lückenhaft. Für die Aufrechterhaltung des Bewußtseinsgrades kommt dem aufsteigenden retikulären aktivierenden System (ARAS) eine notwendige — wenngleich nicht hinreichende — Bedeutung zu. Das ARAS wird durch monoaminerge und eine große Zahl vom Großhirn absteigender Projektionssysteme moduliert.Telenzephale Strukturen und vor allem der telenzephale Kortex scheinen für die Entfaltung von Bewußtseinsinhalten unentbehrlich. Auch umschriebene telenzephale Läsionen können partielle Störungen der Bewußtseinsinhalte verursachen. Die Bedeutung des Balkens für das Bewußtsein wird diskutiert (one brain—two minds-Hypothese).Im letzten Abschnitt wird eine Taxonomie der verschiedenartigen Bewußtseinsstörungen versucht. Unter dem Begriff Vigilanzstörungen werden alle Bewußtseinsstörungen zusammengefaßt, die durch Läsion oder Funktionsstörungen des aufsteigenden retikulären aktivierenden Systems (ARAS) — einschließlich seiner modulierenden Subsysteme — bedingt sind. Unter Störung der Bewußtseinsinhalte werden Bewußtseinsstörungen verstanden, die durch globale oder lokale Läsion bzw. Funktionsstörung telenzephaler Strukturen verursacht werden. Für beide Klassen von Bewußtseinsstörungen wird ein Merkmalskatalog beschrieben.

     

Menstrual patterns in Danish elite swimmers

Summary Questionnaires were given to 140 female elite swimmers from the highest ranking division in the Danish Swimming Association inquiring about their menstrual history. Eighty-nine percent completed the questionnaires. We found a very low incidence of menstrual dysfunction (16%) compared to other groups of endurance trained females. Hard physical endurance training did not seem to delay the onset of menarche among swimmers. Furthermore, no difference in adjusted body mass between a group with oligomenorrhoea and a normal menstruating group could be demonstrated. The study indicated that the influence of body mass or body fat content was a more important factor in menstrual function than the amount of training or psychological stress.     

产褥期精神障碍的心理社会因素分析

目的：了解产褥期精神障碍（Puerperal Psychological Disturbances，PPD）发病原因中心理、社会因素的作用。方法：收集2003年6月至2004年6月1年时间内，3家精神专科病房收治的32例产后精神障碍患者和一家妇产科病房在同期收治的35例正常产妇，采用自拟的一般资料调查表和心理、社会因素调查表进行比较。结果：产后精神障碍患者在婆媳关系、夫妻感情、居住环境、人际关系、角色冲突、生男生女、产后感染等多个方面与产后正常组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：产后精神障碍患者存在复杂的心理、社会因素，治疗上应重视将心理治疗贯穿始终。     

安神调经针法治疗月经后期探析

心身疾病是当今医学亟待解决的课题.临床上大量月经后期的患者其发病与心理社会因素密切相关,属心身疾病的范畴.据此,笔者提出了月经调节的中医"心脑-肾气-天癸-冲任-胞宫轴"的新模式,并认为它与现代医学"大脑皮层-下丘脑-垂体-卵巢-子宫生殖轴"的神经内分泌调节系统极为相似.在此基础上创立了一套安神调经疗法.通过调整心脑功能,从而调节下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴,促进卵泡发育,治疗月经后期.并以此为突破点,为心身疾病引起的各种妇科病的针灸治疗提供了一种新方法、新思路.     

Ovulation disturbances and mood across the menstrual cycles of healthy women

We examined the cyclicity of negative mood relative to ovulation and ovulation disturbances in Menstrual Cycle Diary© data collected daily during a 1-year study of ovulation, exercise, and bone change. A validated quantitative basal temperature-based methodology was used to determine the onset of the luteal phase. ‘Feeling depressed’, ‘feeling anxious’, and ‘feeling angry/frustrated’ were scored on a scale of 0 (absent) to 4 (very intense). Mood scores were examined over two 15-day intervals centered on either ovulation/midpoint, or on the onset of flow. Data were available from 765 cycles of 62 healthy and initially ovulatory women with a mean age of 33.9?±?5.4 years. Of 739 cycles that could be classified, 532 (72%) were normally ovulatory, 185 (25%) were ovulatory with a short (<10 day) luteal phase, and 22 (3%) were anovulatory. Minor cyclic mood changes were present in both ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles. In anovulatory cycles, mood tended to be more variable but less negative, with a time course that differed from that in ovulatory cycles. Mood scores did not differ based on luteal phase length or with hormone levels. Patterns and mechanisms of mood change in very symptomatic women appear to be essentially amplifications of normal experiences.     

补肾活血法在治疗月经不调中临床应用

目的：观察补肾活血法在治疗月经不调中的疗效作用。方法：按随机原则将90名月经不调患者平均分为两组，中医组采用补肾活血法治疗，西医组采用口服乙烯雌酚方法治疗。结果：与西医组相比，中医组的整体治疗效果明显提高，其治愈率高于西医组，治疗后典型性双相率也明显增高，且两组的差异具有统计学意义，P〈0.05。结论：补肾活血法治疗女性月经不调疗效显著。     

探讨铅暴露对女性FSH、PRL、LH等激素水平的影响

目的初步探讨低水平铅暴露对女性血清性激素及月经周期的影响。方法对铅暴露女性269人及对照组女性348人的一般情况、生殖结局进行回顾性队列研究,并测血铅及用放射免疫法测定孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E2）、催乳素（PRL）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）性激素水平。结果暴露组女性月经紊乱明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,且早产率、自然流产率亦高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;暴露组血清性激素水平孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E2）降低,促卵泡素、促黄体生成素升高。结论说明长期低浓度铅暴露干扰下丘脑一垂体～卵巢轴正常的内分泌调节功能,可引起女性月经失调、影响内分泌激素水平。     

Dynamic prevalence of sleep disturbance among critically ill patients in intensive care units and after hospitalisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundSleep disturbance is a common complaint among critically ill patients in intensive care units and after hospitalisation. However, the prevalence of sleep disturbance among critically ill patients varies widely.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbance among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit and after hospitalisation.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from their inception until 15 August 2022. Only observational studies with cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective designs investigating sleep disturbance prevalence among critically ill adults (aged ≥ 18 years) during intensive care unit stay and after hospitalisation were included.ResultsWe found 13 studies investigating sleep disturbance prevalence in intensive care units and 14 investigating sleep disturbance prevalence after hospitalisation, with 1,228 and 3,065 participants, respectively. The prevalence of sleep disturbance during an ICU stay was 66 %, and at two, three, six and ≥ 12 months after hospitalisation was 64 %, 49 %, 40 %, and 28 %, respectively. Studies using the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire detected a higher prevalence of sleep disturbance among patients in intensive care units than non-intensive care unit specific questionnaires; studies reported comparable sleep disturbance prevalence during intensive care stays for patients with and without mechanical ventilation.ConclusionSleep disturbance is prevalent in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit and persists for up to one year after hospitalisation, with prevalence ranging from 28 % to 66 %. The study results highlight the importance of implementing effective interventions as early as possible to improve intensive care unit sleep quality.