调节血脂:来自心脏病学者的经验

本刊2009年第1期重点为:调脂治疗.目前以3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制药即他汀类药物为代表的调脂治疗,已被公认为心脑血管疾病的常规治疗方法;它们通过抑制体内胆固醇合成途径而降低血清胆固醇水平.     

Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎临床研究

目的　研究利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎的有效性和安全性。　方法　采用随机对照方法 ,共治疗 5 1例急性肠炎。利福昔明治疗 2 5例 ,环丙沙星 2 6例 ,用药时间方法相同。观察治疗前后临床症状、大便性状、大便次数、便常规、血常规、尿常规及肝肾功能 ,以了解其疗效及不良反应情况。　结果　利福昔明组 (治疗组 )与环丙沙星组 (对照组 )相比 ,显效率分别为 92 .0 %和 80 .8% ,总有效率分别为 92 .0 %和 96 .2 % ,止泻时间治疗组 2 8.6 7± 15 .92h ,对照组 36 .12± 2 0 .70h ,均未见明显毒副作用。以上各项指标及两组在治疗过程中大便次数变化、大便常规复常率经统计学处理均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　利福昔明可用于治疗急性肠炎 ,与环丙沙星比较 ,疗效相仿 ,但耐受性好 ,口服不吸收 ,故值得推广     

糖尿病患者超声乳化白内障吸除手术的临床观察

目的:探讨糖尿病患者进行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入手术的临床效果。方法:50例(61只眼)糖尿病患者(设为A组)和同期163例(174只眼)血糖正常患者(设为B组)接受超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入手术。糖尿病患者手术前通过饮食疗法、口服药物或肌注胰岛素治疗,使空腹血糖降到 10mmol/L以下。术后随访 1～28个月(平均 8.6个月),复查视力、裂隙灯及眼底检查。结果:术后矫正视力≥0.5者,A组为77.1%;B组为80.5%。两组经统计学处理差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组术中出现后囊破裂及术后发生角膜水肿和前房渗出等并发症的差异无显著性(P>0.05 )。结论:糖尿病患者进行超声乳化白内障吸除手术前只要有效控制血糖,其手术效果与对照组患者相同。但术后血糖的控制仍然十分重要。眼科学报2003;19:98-100。     

人工髋关节置换术后脂肪栓塞综合征的观察与护理

笔者报道人工髋关节置换术后脂肪栓塞综合征的护理措施认为重视氧饱和度及动脉血氧分压监测，注意观察中枢神经系统症状和呼吸系统症状，及时发现并纠止低氧血症，对不同的病人制定不同护理方案，严密观察病情，及时掌握病情变化：是护理的关键。     

Study on hemostatic mechanism of fully soluble hemostatic fiber.

Fully soluble hemostatic fiber (FHF) is made from cotton yarn through a series of chemical reactions with NaOH and chloroacetic acid. The major component of FHF is carboxymethylcellulose. FHF is a kind of biodegradation macromolecule material that can disassociate into a low-molecular-weight compound or a simple substance by hydrolytic and enzymatic courses. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the hemostatic mechanism of FHF. The study indicated that FHF can stop bleeding by physical, chemical and physiological routes. In the physical route, expansion of carboxymethylcellulose in FHF stops bleeding by forming a mechanical clog after contacting with the blood. In the chemical route, the platelets can quickly aggregate around FHF and stimulate releasing and disaggregating reactions, after contacting with the rough surface of FHF, producing thrombus and hemostasis. In the physiological route, gluey particles with negative charges can activate intrinsic coagulation systems by activating the blood coagulation factor XII after FHF dissolution.