rhIL-1Ra对恒河猴肾脏毒性的病理组织学观察

目的 观察重组人白介素-1受体拮抗剂(rhIL-1Ra)的毒性靶器官及毒性的严重程度.方法 32只成年恒河猴分为rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)(n=6)、10mg/(kg·d)(n=6)和50mg/(kg·d)(n=6)连续给药90天组,10mg/(kg·d)(n=4)连续给药30天组,正常对照组(n=5)和溶剂对照组(n=5).rhIL-1Ra为皮下注射给药,每日1次.观察指标包括一般药物反应、尿八项、心电图、眼底检查、外周血细胞计数及白细胞分类、凝血时间、血清生化、外周血T细胞亚群和猴抗rhIL-1Ra抗体测定、脏器重量和脏器系数、常规病理组织学检查.结果 给药后30天各给药组动物血清非特异性抗体明显升高.rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)组其他检测指标均未见明显地改变.rhIL-1Ra 10mg/(kg·d)组给药后90天肾小球毛细血管基底膜明显增厚,但此剂量给药时间为30天时未见任何异常.rhIL-1Ra 50mg/(kg·d)组肾小球及肾小管中蛋白性液体量多,小球毛细血管基底膜增厚更为严重,且停药30天后基底膜增厚程度仍未见明显减轻或改善.结论 rhIL-1Ra的主要毒性靶器官为肾脏,2mg/(kg·d)为安全剂量,10mg/(kg·d)给药30天时为安全剂量,给药90天为恒河猴中毒性剂量,而50mg/(kg·d)为明显的毒性反应剂量,可产生难以恢复的肾脏纤维化.     

角质细胞生长因子对上皮细胞损伤的防护作用

角质细胞生长因子（KGF）属于成纤维细胞生长因子家族,由成纤维细胞和其他来源的基质细胞合成分泌,可特异性地促进上皮细胞的增殖分化，在多种组织器官中发挥着重要功能,尤其是在上皮细胞损伤的修复中起重要作用。KGF防护作用的机制可能是通过调节促细胞增殖、抗氧化蛋白等相关基因的表达来实现的。     

基于抗氧化反应元件的药物筛选模型的建立

目的建立基于抗氧化反应元件(antioxident responseelement,ARE)和SEAP报告基因的细胞筛选模型,用此模型对金雀异黄素、芹菜苷配基、儿茶素、茨非醇4种化合物进行活性比较,观察上述化合物拮抗过氧化氢损伤的作用,寻找具有强抗氧化活性作用的黄酮类化合物。方法构建重组报告基因表达载体pARE-TAL-SEAP与对照载体分别转染HEK-293细胞,检测上述黄酮类化合物作用后对SEAP的活性和抗氧化作用的影响。结果在加入25μmol.L-1H2O2进行氧化损伤的HEK-293细胞中,加入100μmol.L-1的4种化合物进行比较时金雀异黄素的抗氧化作用最强,金雀异黄素诱导SEAP的最大表达水平较对照孔升高1.3倍;加入25μmol.L-14种化合物的抗氧化作用时茨非醇的抗氧化作用最强,茨非醇诱导SEAP的最大表达水平较对照孔升高1.5倍。结论利用此模型可以检测H2O2的氧化应激反应并可筛选到抗氧化活性强的黄酮类化合物。     

虎杖甙对内毒素性心肌细胞损伤的防治作用

目的 观察脂多糖(LPS)对心肌细胞微丝蛋白的形态学影响以及中药虎杖甙(PD)的防治效果。方法 体外乳鼠心肌细胞培养，随机分为4组：正常对照组(D′-Hanks作用于心肌细胞30min)、PD组(0．2mmol／L作用于心肌细胞10min)、LPS组(100ng／ml刺激30min)和LPS PD组(100ng／ml LPS30min，0．2mmol/L PD治疗10min)。用免疫荧光技术标记纤维状肌动蛋白(F-actin)。结果 正常对照组心肌细胞皮质部分有较多纤维状肌动蛋白分布，细胞内纤维状肌动蛋白呈网状布满于整个细胞；LPS组细胞皮质部分染色较弱甚至消失，心肌细胞应力纤维(stress fiber)形成；PD(0.2mmol/L)处理10min后，心肌细胞应力纤维消失，形态趋于正常组细胞；而PD组和正常对照组细胞形态无明显差异。结论 LPS可能直接导致心肌细胞应力纤维的形成，PD对LPS导致的心肌细胞损伤有保护作用。     

造血因子治疗中子急性放射病的实验研究

目的通过观察造血生长因子-重组人白细胞介素-11(rhIL-11)和重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)联合应用的方法对中子急性放射病狗的治疗效果,探讨中子损伤治疗的救治方法。方法14只雄性成年比格狗随机分为照射对照和rhIL-11+rhG-CSF治疗组。所有动物均接受90%裂变中子照射,治疗组于照后当天开始每天1次皮下注射rhG-CSF10μg·kg-1·d-1和rhIL-1150μg·kg-1·d-1,给药时间分别为14和21d。照射后观察动物的外周血象、外周血CD4+/CD8+比值变化、骨髓CFU-E及组织病理学改变。结果照射后早期对照组动物全部发生不同程度的呕吐,治疗组仅1只动物呕吐。照射后30d照射对照组死亡3只,治疗组动物全部存活。照后治疗组外周血白细胞数和恢复期血小板数明显高于照射对照组。照射后1、21和33d治疗组外周血CD4+/CD8+比值分别为照射对照组1·24、1·55和2·15倍。照射后1和33d治疗组动物骨髓CFU-E分别为照射对照组的5·25和2·34倍(P<0·01)。结论rhIL-11+rhG-CSF联合给药可明显促进中子照射所致骨髓型急性放射病狗的造血和免疫功能恢复,为细胞因子应用于中子急性放射病的临床治疗提供了实验依据。     

细胞因子联合治疗对急性放射病比格狗造血干/祖细胞的影响

目的 探讨重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)和重组人白细胞介素11(rhIL-11)联合治疗对重度骨髓型急性放射病(ARS)比格狗干/祖细胞数量和质量的影响.方法 用4.5Gy60Coγ射线照射比格狗建立重度骨髓型ARS模型,随机分为三组:A组5犬,不予任何治疗;B组5犬,予输血、抗感染等对症治疗;C组6犬,在B组基础上加用rhG-CSF和rhIL-11 3周.观察外周血CD34+细胞数和骨髓中CD34+细胞的比例、骨髓涂片骨髓增生程度、骨髓和外周血造血祖细胞集落数及端粒酶活性.结果 与A、B组比较,C组外周血CD34+细胞数照射后早期增高(P<0.05),骨髓CD34+细胞比例各个时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);照射后45d,C组骨髓增生程度、外周血红细胞集落形成单位(CFU-E)、骨髓混合细胞集落形成单位(CFU-Mix)和骨髓端粒酶活性均明显高于B组(P<0.05).结论 联合使用细胞因子可保护部分造血干/祖细胞的增殖能力,保持端粒酶较高的活性,促进CD34+的早期释放,有利于骨髓造血功能较快恢复.     

细胞因子治疗4.5Gyγ射线照射比格犬造血损伤的机制初探

目的 探讨多种细胞因子配伍应用治疗4.5 Gy γ射线照射比格犬造血系统损伤的作用及可能机制。方法 16只比格犬均给予4.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线全身照射,随机分为照射对照、综合对症和细胞因子3组。细胞因子组在综合对症支持治疗的基础上应用rhG-CSF、rhIL-11和rhIL-2联合治疗,采用流式细胞术检测外周血中CD34+细胞含量、有核细胞周期及凋亡比例。结果 4.5 Gy γ射线照射犬外周血中CD34+细胞含量在照射后1 d明显下降(照射对照组和综合对症组分别为照前值的61.3%和52.1%),G₀/G₁期有核细胞比例增加(分别为99.27%和99.49%),且凋亡率(分别为26.93%和21.29%)和坏死率(分别为3.27%和4.14%)明显升高(与照前值比较, P<0.05);而经过细胞因子治疗后,外周血中CD34+细胞含量在照射后1 d即明显升高(为照前值的135.6%),G₀/G₁期有核细胞比例(99.71%)进一步增加,其凋亡率(5.66%)和坏死率(1.60%)明显低于照射对照和综合对症组。结论 本研究的细胞因子组合可能通过动员骨髓中CD34+细胞到外周血,使细胞周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期,减少细胞凋亡,从而促进极重度骨髓型急性放射病犬造血功能的恢复。     

Therapeutic effects of combined cytokines on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy γ-rays irradiation in beagles

Objectivc To observe the therapeutic effects of combined cytokines on hematopoietic injuries induced by 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-rays irradiation in beagles,and to provide experimental evidences for the clinical treatment of extremely severe myeloid acute radiation sickness(ARS).Methods 16 beagles were given 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-rays total body irradiation,and then randomly assigned into irradiation control group,supportive care group and cytokines group.In addition to supportive care,recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and recombinant human interleukin-2(rhIL-2)were administered subcutaneouly to dogs in cytokines group.Peripheral blood hemogram was examined once every two days.Bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected to proceed colony cultivation 4 d pre-irradiation and 1 and 45 d post-irradiation.Conventional histopathological sections of sternum were prepared to observe the histomorphology changes. Results After irradiation,the population of all kinds of cells in peripheral blood declined sharply.WBC nadir Was elevated(1.04×109/L,but 0.28×109/L and 0.68×109/L for the irradiation control group and the supportive care group separately),the duration of thrombocytopenia was shortened (24 days,but 33 days for the supportive care groug) and red blood cell counts were maintained in the range of normal values after cytokincs treatment in combination.The colony forming efficiency of haemopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in bone marrow and peripheral blood decreased obviously 1 d post irradiation,but recovered to the level of that before irradiation 45 d post irradiation after supportive care and cytokines treatment.Hematopoietic cells disappeared in bone marrow of animals in irradiation control group,but hematopoietic functions were recovered after cytokines were administrated.Conclusions RhG-CSF.rhIL-11 and rhIL-2 used in combination could elevate WBC nadir,accelerate the recovery of leukocytes,platelets and red blood cells and promote the proliferation,differentiation and maturity of HSPCs left in the body after 4.5 Gy γ-rays total body irradiation,eventually restore the hematopoietic function.Hence,combination of rhG-CSF,rhIL-11 and rhIL-2 could serve as better therapeutic strategy to treat extremely severe myeloid ARS.     

Experimental therapeutic effect of combined cytokines on beagle dogs exposed to 4.5 Gy γ-rays

Objective To evaluate the effects of combined administration of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11),recombinant human G-CSF(rhG-CSF)and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2)on acute radiation sickness(ARS)beagles.Methods Sixteen beagle were irradiated with 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-rays to establish ARS models,and were divided into irradiation control group,supportive care group and combined cytokines treatment group.After irradiation irradiation control group was given no treatment,the dogs in supportive care group received purely symptomatic treatment,while combined cytokines treatment group received rhIL-11 50μg/(kg·d)and rbG-CSF 10μg/(kg·d)subcutaneously(0-14 d)and rhIL-2 1×1 06 U/d(29-43 d)besides symptomatic treatment.Manifestation and characteristics of ARS beagles were observed,and the survival time were recorded.At last,post-mortem examination and histological examination were performed.Results All animals underwent nausea,diarrhea and fever.After irradiation,all animals in irradiation control group died in two weeks,and the mean survival time was 12.7 d,while only one died at 33 d in supportive care group.All dogs in combined cytokine group survived at 45 day after exposure,and their haematopoiesis and gastrointestinal tract were recovered.Conclusions Combination of rhIL-11 + rhG-CSF + rhIL-2 treatment could be significantly effective on ARS beagles irradiated by 4.5 Gy60 Co γ-rays,which could accelerate injured haemotopoiesis and intestinal tract recovery,increase the survival rate and improve the life quality of animals.     

Clotting mechanism in beagles irradiated by 4.5 Gy γ-rays

Objective To explore the clotting mechanism in beagles irradiated by 4.5 Gy γ-rays after treatment with supportive care,or supportive care and combined cytokines.Methods Sixteen beagles were divided into irradiation control group,Supportive care group and combined cytokines treatment group.Platelet aggregation test,thrombelagtography (TEG) and the time measurement were analyzed in vitro.Results In irradiation group and supportive care group,the platelet aggregation rates in beagles were decreased markedly and the k value of TEG was increased 7 d post-irradiation,while those indexes in combined cytokines treatment group changed little.At 14 d post-irradiation,each parameter of TEG in irradiated group changed obviously.The values of r,k,r+k and M were elevated significantly,clotting time and the maximum coagulation time of thrombus delayed,the Ma value was decreased markedly,and the maximum elasticity amplitude of thrombus was diminished.All parameters in combined cytokines treatment group were better than those in supportive care group.The thrombin time was prolonged obviously in irradiated group 14 d post-irradiation,while the thrombin time was the longest at 2-3 weeks post irradiation in supportive care group and combined cytokines treatment group(P>0.05).Conclusions Cytokines could improve the platelet aggregation and the blood clotting functions of beagles suffering from acute radiation sickness.