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1.
目的 探讨首发与复发抑郁症患者的认知功能特征及两者间的差异,以及与疾病严重程度的相关性.方法 招募符合DSM-Ⅳ中抑郁症诊断标准的首发抑郁症患者共31例为首发组,复发性抑郁症患者30例为复发组,健康志愿者31名为对照组,对3组进行韦氏数字广度(DS)测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)和爱荷华赌博任务(IGT)测验,比较3组被试在各测量指标上的差异,同时用HAMD-24评估患者组的抑郁程度,并分析其与认知功能各指标的相关性.结果 (1)3组患者DS评分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中复发组低于对照组(P<0.05),首发组与复发组及首发组与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)3组患者WCST评分的差异有统计学意义,其中复发组与对照组及复发组与首发组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),首发组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)3组患者IGT评分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中复发组除第二模块外,其余各项指标均高于对照组(P<0.05),复发组的总分、第三模块和第五模块评分均高于首发组(P<0.05).(4)患者组(首发组+复发组)的HAMD总分与DS评分、WCST分类数呈负相关(r=-0.373,P=0.003;r=-0.299,P=0.019),与WCST的错误应答数、持续性错误应答数、非持续错误应答数和IG T的总分、第三模块评分、第五模块评分呈正相关(r=0.265~0.461,P<0.05),与IG T第一模块、第二模块和第四模块无相关性(P>0.05).结论 首发抑郁症患者无明显短时记忆和执行功能损害,在情感决策方面,其倾向于低收益,低风险决策;而复发抑郁症患者的短时记忆、执行功能均有明显损害,且在情感决策上比首发患者对损失更为敏感;抑郁症患者的抑郁程度与认知损害呈正相关.疾病复发和病情加重都会对抑郁症患者的认知损害造成不良影响.  相似文献   

2.
目的 探索首发抑郁症患者神经质人格、抑郁症状以及认知功能的关系。方法 使用汉 密尔顿抑郁量表17 项(HAMD-17)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、韦氏成人智能测验(WAIS-RC)对156 例首发 抑郁症患者进行测评和研究。结果 (1)抑郁症患者神经质人格与HAMD-17 总分呈正相关(r=0.301, P<0.01),与言语商数分(r=-0.276,P<0.01)、操作商数分(r=-0.205,P<0.05)、韦氏总分(r=-0.256,P<0.01) 呈负相关;HAMD-17 总分与言语商数分(r=-0.426,P< 0.01)、操作商数分(r=-0.330,P< 0.01)和韦氏总 分(r=-0.376,P < 0.01)呈负相关。(2)抑郁症状在神经质人格影响韦氏测验分数中起到部分中介作用, 其中介效应为38.7%。结论 首发抑郁症患者神经质人格通过抑郁症状进而影响部分认知功能。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨复发抑郁症患者自传体记忆与临床特征的关系,以及自传体记忆损害是否是抑郁症复发的风险因素。方法:对65例复发抑郁症患者(复发组)以及54例首发抑郁症患者(首发组)采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale, HAMD-17)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale, HAMA)评定抑郁与焦虑症状,采用自传体记忆测验评定自传体记忆水平。结果:(1)与首发组相比,复发组起病年龄更早、病程更长、抑郁症家族史比例更高、认知障碍更严重、概括性记忆更多(P0.05或P0.01);(2)相关分析显示复发组概括性记忆与起病年龄、阳性家族史、认知障碍、迟缓因子呈正相关(r=0.45,0.38,0.39,0.39;P均0.01);(3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示概括性记忆是与抑郁症复发相关的危险因素。结论:复发抑郁症患者概括性记忆较多,其与起病年龄、阳性家族史、认知障碍与迟缓因子相关,对预测抑郁症复发具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨首发和复发抑郁症患者执行功能损害情况。方法:采用威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、Stroop测验、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)对100例抑郁症患者进行评定,其中首次发病(首发组)患者41例,复发(复发组)患者59例;同时以50名正常人作为对照组进行测评并分析比较。结果:在WSCT的总错误数、分类完成数、持续性错误数及持续性应答数、以及Stroop色词测验的彩色文字阅读(Stroop-c)时间和彩色文字的色彩阅读(Stroop-cw)正确数上,首发组、复发组与对照组之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);Stroop-c正确数上首发组和复发组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:无论首发还是复发抑郁症患者均存在明显的执行功能损害,复发者更为显著。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨青少年首发抑郁症患者在治疗前后其血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与病情严重程度的关系。方法:纳入60例青少年首发抑郁症患者(抑郁组)、60名健康青少年(对照组),抑郁组应用盐酸舍曲林治疗6周,测量抑郁组基线及治疗1、2、4、6周和对照组入组时的血清hs-CRP水平,应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评定对照组的情绪及抑郁组的情绪变化。结果:抑郁组在治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周测量的HAMD-24评分总分和血清hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。相关分析显示,抑郁组在治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周的血清hs-CRP水平与HAMD-24总分及焦虑/躯体化、认知障碍、迟缓、绝望因子分呈正相关(r=0.63,P0.01;r=0.67,P0.01;r=0.35,P0.01;r=0.61,P0.01;r=0.49,P0.01)。治疗1、2、4、6周血清hs-CRP水平变化与HAMD-24变化呈正相关(r=0.40,P0.01;r=0.71,P0.01;r=0.86,P0.01;r=0.85,P0.01)。结论:血清hs-CRP水平能够反映青少年首发抑郁症患者的病情严重程度。  相似文献   

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目的探讨中重度晚发抑郁症患者神经认知功能损害的特征。方法选取2017年2月至2019年2月我院收治的中重度晚发抑郁症患者50例作为观察组,采用重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)、词语流畅性测验(VFT)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)对神经认知功能损害情况予以评定,与同期收治的对照组50名健康体检者进行比较。采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评估观察组抑郁严重程度,并分析它与认知损害的关系。结果在RBANS测验中,观察组晚期抑郁症患者即刻记忆、延时记忆、视觉广度、注意力、言语能力各维度评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组VFT测验评分经评定低于对照组(P0.05);在WCST测验中,两组完成分类数、完成第一分类所需应答数评分无差异(P0.05),观察组错误应答数、持续性错误百分数、持续性错误数、持续性应答数评分均高于对照组,概念化水平应答百分数评分高于对照组,P0.05);Spearman相关分析发现RBANS测验中的即刻记忆、延时记忆、视觉广度、注意力、言语能力各维度均与HAMD-17评分具正相关(r=0.39,0.42,0.45,0.38,0.40,P0.05);VFT和WCST测验中的持续性应答因子与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.43,-0.51,P0.05)。结论中重度晚发抑郁症患者容易出现神经认知功能损害,认知功能损害与抑郁程度密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨血脂水平及血脂综合指标与抑郁障碍(MDD)患者自杀意念及临床特征的关系。方法:根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)条目3“自杀”评分≥1为界将122例首发MDD患者分为有自杀意念组(94例)及无自杀意念组(28例);对两组人口学资料、HAMD-17各维度评分、血脂水平[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)]及血脂综合指标[动脉硬化指数(AI)、血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)、脂蛋白结合指数(LCI)]进行比较;采用Pearson相关分析研究差异指标与自杀意念等临床特征的关系。结果:有自杀意念组TG和LCI明显低于无自杀意念组(P均<0.05)。血清TG水平与HAMD-17条目3的得分呈负相关(r=-0.221,P=0.015),与睡眠障碍因子分呈正相关(r=0.238,P=0.008)。患者LCI与HAMD-17条目3的得分(r=-0.260,P=0.004)及认知障碍因子分(r=-0.192,P=0.034)呈负相关,与睡眠障碍因子分呈正相关(r=0.203,P=0.025)。结论:血清TG水平和LCI降低与MDD患者的自杀意念、睡眠及认知功能有一定相关性。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨识别负性情绪面孔时前额叶-边缘环路theta波功能连接能否作为识别抑郁症的脑影像学特征。方法:利用脑磁图检测31例抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)及43名与其相匹配的健康人(正常对照组)在识别动态面部悲伤表情时的脑部电生理反应。通过一致性方法计算出感兴趣脑区间在300~600 ms的功能连接值,比较抑郁症组与正常对照组的功能连接差异,将感兴趣脑区功能连接矩阵作为特征用支持向量机进行分类,并与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分作相关分析。结果:识别负性情绪面孔时感兴趣脑区theta波功能连接对抑郁症患者识别率为94.59%(P=0.0015)。在300~400 ms,抑郁症组右海马与左眶额叶上部(r=-0.49,P=0.0055)、与左眶额叶下部(r=-0.52,P=0.0022)的功能连接值与HAMD-17评分负相关;在500~600 ms,抑郁症组左海马与左扣带中部功能连接增强与HAMD-17评分呈正相关(r=0.62,P=0.002)。结论:在识别负性情绪面孔时前额叶-边缘环路感兴趣脑区的theta波功能连接有助于识别抑郁症。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨抑郁症患者家属感知的的社会支持和家庭功能特征。方法:采用社会支持量表(MSPSS)和家庭功能量表(FAD)对50例抑郁症患者的家属(抑郁症患者家属组)及50名正常人(对照组)进行调查。结果:①抑郁症患者家属组MSPSS评分中的社会支持总分(45.1±11.8)分明显高于正常对照组(25.5±9.7)分,两组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);②抑郁症患者家属组的FAD评定除情感卷入维度外,其他5个维度(问题解决、交流、角色、情感反应、行为控制)和总体功能均在不健康家庭功能范围之内;并与社会支持均呈正相关[问题解决(r=0.228,P<0.05),交流(r=0.250,P<0.05),角色(r=0.209,P<0.05),情感反应(r=0.291,P<0.01),行为控制(r=0.289,P<0.01)和总体功能(r=0.217,P<0.05)]。结论:抑郁症患者家属体验到社会支持程度较低,家庭功能有缺陷;社会支持可能影响到家庭功能。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨抑郁症患者注意偏向与躯体症状的关系。方法:对55例抑郁症患者(抑郁组)和60名健康志愿者(对照组)进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)、躯体化症状自评量表-躯体化因子(SSS-S)、中文版神经症被束缚自评量表(SSTN)评估;应用点探测任务测试注意偏向;分析注意偏向与躯体症状关系。结果:抑郁组负性注意偏向分和负性脱离指数显著 0(t=3. 15,t=2. 78; P均0. 01);抑郁组负性注意偏向分与SSTN评分和负性脱离指数呈正相关(r=0. 29,r=0. 53; P均0. 05);SSTN评分与HAMD和SSS-S评分呈正相关(r=0. 34,r=0. 38; P均0. 05)。结论:抑郁症患者有明显负性注意偏向,其与抑郁、躯体不适症状无直接相关,可能是通过被束缚状态的中间机制影响症状。  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: Motivated by a previous study among male veterans [Allen, D.N., Frantom, L.V., Strauss, G.P., van Kammen, D.P., 2005. Differential patterns of premorbid academic and social deterioration in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 75, 389-397], the present analysis examined: (1) patterns of premorbid academic and social functioning during childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence, and (2) associations between these premorbid functioning dimensions and a number of clinical variables. METHODS: Data on premorbid functioning were collected using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) in 95 hospitalized first-episode patients. Analyses were similar to those conducted by Allen and colleagues (2005). RESULTS: Deterioration was evident in both academic and social functioning from childhood to early adolescence, along with a pronounced/accelerated deterioration in academic functioning from early adolescence to late adolescence, occurring in both male and female patients. Age at onset of prodromal symptoms was predicted by childhood/early adolescent/late adolescent academic functioning scores, and age at onset of psychotic symptoms was significantly associated only with childhood academic functioning. Severity of negative symptoms was predicted by childhood and late adolescent social functioning scores, and severity of general psychopathology symptoms was predicted by late adolescent academic functioning, as well as childhood and late adolescent social functioning scores. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with prior findings, deterioration in premorbid functioning appears to be more pronounced in the academic than social dimension of the PAS. Some PAS scores are predictive of ages at onset of prodrome/psychosis and severity of psychotic symptoms. Ongoing research on premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia may have implications for future prevention goals.  相似文献   

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Deficits in executive functioning (EF) have been proposed to underlie the behavioural patterns of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. Researchers have shown that the Asperger's syndrome (AS) population performs more poorly than typically developing controls on many EF tasks. However, the research literature is inconsistent in identifying the specific features or aspects of EF that are affected in this population. This study investigated EF in AS using a bottom-up empirical method. Four visually mediated and three verbally mediated EF tasks from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System were administered to 33 adolescents with AS and 33 age- and gender-matched controls. Two-step cluster analysis was then used to derive subgroups. Diagnostic composition of these subgroups (AS versus control) was examined to provide empirical evidence of a performance bias towards verbal EF for the AS group. A two cluster solution best fits the data with 73% of the AS participants being classified into one cluster and 64% of the control participants classified into another. Assignment into cluster A was based primarily upon low performance on the four visual EF tasks whereas assignment into cluster B was based primarily upon good performance on the four visual EF tasks and one verbal EF task.  相似文献   

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The following study gives results on the association between psychological distress and sexual and marital aspects from the Quebec Health Survey of Older Couples (Enquête sur la santé des aînés au Québec/Volet Couple). In this study, 508 francophone couples (508 women, 508 men), aged 65 years old and over, answered several questionnaires about psychological distress (e.g. Psychological Distress Index) and marital (e.g. Dyadic adjustment scale) and sexual aspects of their life (e.g. Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Function Index). Participants answered general questions at home in the presence of an interviewer and they answered to specific questionnaires about their sexuality and marital life on a computer to ensure confidentiality. Results indicate that dyadic adjustment, sexual satisfaction and gender predict psychological distress and explain 14.2% of the variance of psychological distress among older couples. The same predictor variables were found in men and women considered separately. Moreover, participants with low marital functioning show more than twice as much psychological distress and poorer sexual functioning.  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVE: The relationship between alexithymia and psychosocial functioning has been investigated in a few studies using indirect measures of adaptation. We aimed at directly evaluating the relationship between alexithymia and global psychosocial functioning, as measured by a standardised scale. METHODS: A large, consecutive sample of dermatological inpatients (N=545) completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Skindex-29 and were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I disorders and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis was used to control for likely determinants of psychosocial functioning such as age, sex, education, burden of skin symptoms, and psychiatric morbidity. The GAF score was associated with psychiatric morbidity (beta=-.63, P<.001), alexithymia (in particular, the difficulty identifying feelings subscale) (beta=-.19, P<.001), and burden of skin symptoms (beta=-.07, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Given the well-known association between poor psychosocial functioning and several behavioural risk factors for health, our study may provide a further reason for clinicians to pay attention to alexithymic features among their patients.  相似文献   

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Abstract

Objective. This study identified predictors of psychosocial outcome in schizophrenia. Method. A mixed group of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were assessed as part of a routine clinical evaluation. A linear regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the effect of duration of untreated illness, number of previous hospitalisations, history of psychotic episodes and age at illness onset on patients’ functioning, as assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Results. Number of previous psychotic episodes as well as duration of untreated illness were the strongest predictors of patients’ levels of functioning amongst all main outcome measures. Older age at illness onset also predicted poorer functioning. Limitations. A principal limitation of our study is that our sample included predominantly Caucasian males; therefore, any extrapolation to other groups may remain speculative. Conclusions. Our preliminary results suggest that psychosocial outcome in schizophrenia may be affected by different factors. Longer history of psychotic episodes emerged as the most significant determinant of poorer outcome while longer duration of untreated illness and older age at illness onset were also associated with detrimental effects. Our findings may reflect the combined influences of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, exposure to psychotropic medication and psychosocial interventions as well as the vicissitudes of natural aging processes embedded in a chronic mental illness.  相似文献   

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The existing knowledge about the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relationship to cognitive and/or emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis (MS) is scarce. We assessed differences between subgroups of MS outpatients (n = 209) on one HRQoL instrument: a version of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis quality of life instrument; on two cognitive functioning tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination and the clock drawing test; and on two emotional functioning tests: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. Three disease-related characteristics were assessed: physical disability, duration of the illness, and clinical course. The results showed that each of these has an effect on at least one dimension of HRQoL and on one mental functioning test. Thus, the more severe, the more progressive, and the longer the illness duration, the lower the HRQoL. Likewise, cognitive mean scores decreased and emotional mean scores increased with greater illness severity and progressive the MS. Furthermore, we also found significant correlations between cognitive and emotional functioning tests and HRQoL dimensions. Thus, the worse cognitive functioning and the higher depressive and anxiety symptoms score the lower the HRQoL.  相似文献   

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Background: Several studies have reported deficits in both immediate and delayed recall of verbal memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, most of these studies had several methodological disadvantages. None of these studies assessed parameters related to social or occupational functioning. Methods: Fifty Dutch veterans of UN peacekeeping missions (25 with PTSD and 25 without PTSD) were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery consisting of four subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III, California Verbal‐Learning Test, and the Rey Auditory Verbal‐Learning Test. Veterans with PTSD were free of medication and substance abuse. Results: Veterans with PTSD had similar total intelligence quotient scores compared to controls, but displayed deficits of figural and logical memory. Veterans with PTSD also performed significantly lower on measures of learning and immediate and delayed verbal memory. Memory performance accurately predicted current social and occupational functioning. Conclusions: Deficits of memory performance were displayed in a sample of medication‐ and substance abuse‐free veterans with PTSD. Deficits in memory performance were not related to intelligence quotient, length of trauma exposure, or time since trauma exposure. This study showed that cognitive performance accurately predicted current social and occupational functioning in veterans with PTSD. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

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