脑卒中后抑郁与卒中部位相关性分析

目的 探讨急性脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)与影像学上卒中部位的相关性及临床意义.方法 对412例住院及门诊脑卒中患者在卒中后1个月内采取系统的神经心理学评估及头颅MRI检查.对所有的患者进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,并根据头颅MRI及病人症状、体征定位.结果 卒中后抑郁的发生率以左侧半球明显高于双侧及右侧,并以左侧颞...     

脑卒中后抑郁与脑损伤部位相关性临床分析

目的探讨脑卒中患者抑郁的发生与损伤部位的关系。方法 2010-10—2011-10 150例脑卒中住院患者,全部通过临床症状及MRI检查对病灶定位,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表对脑卒中患者进行抑郁评分。结果脑卒中后抑郁68例,发生率45.33%,其中左侧发生率高于右侧,以额颞叶、基底节区为主。结论脑卒中患者抑郁的发生与卒中部位密切相关,其中左侧大脑半球的额颞叶及基底节区相关性更为显著。     

脑卒中早期康复与卒中后抑郁的相关性

脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)是急性脑卒中后产生的一种情绪低落反应。机制可能与大脑神经环路受损有关,PSD可增加卒中并发症及死亡率,并阻碍卒中患者神经功能的恢复。医学研究发现,卒中后有效的康复、护理、家庭支持,能降低PSD发病率。本文就PSD的病因、发生率、相关因素、筛查PSD的工具,早期康复与PSD的关系作一综述。     

脑卒中后抑郁对神经功能康复的影响

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁状态对神经功能康复疗效的影响。方法选取我院2010-01—2013-01收治的脑卒中后抑郁患者90例,随机分为治疗组45例和对照组45例,2组患者均给予常规抗凝、溶栓、脑组织保护剂、营养剂、康复锻炼及针灸治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用氟西汀或西酞普兰20mg,1次/d。比较2组治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、Barthel指数评分。结果 2组患者治疗前HAMD评分、NIHSS评分及Barthel指数比较均无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后1个月、3个月时治疗组上述指标均较同期对照组有明显改善(P<0.01),2组治疗3个月后均较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论脑卒中后抑郁症一定程度上直接影响患者的神经功能,及时给予适量的抗抑郁药物,可有效促进脑卒中后神经功能的康复。     

脑卒中后抑郁障碍254例临床分析

目的讨论脑卒中后抑郁的发生机制与相关因素。方法对254例脑卒中患者采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行现状调查。结果254例脑卒中其中93例患者有抑郁症状,发生率为36.61%,其中左侧51例,右侧42例(P>0.05);皮质部位58例,皮质下部位35例(P<0.05);前部病灶67例,后部病灶26例(P<0.01);治疗前NDS为(19.28±6.28)分,4周时为(7.02±4.31)分(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中后抑郁的相关因素有病灶部位、神经功能缺损程度及负性生活事件,脑卒中后抑郁的发生可能是神经生物学因素和社会心理学因素共同作用的结果。     

帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁障碍的对照研究

目的 比较帕罗西汀和阿米替林对脑卒中后抑郁障碍的疗效及神经功能康复的影响。方法 应用帕罗西汀和阿米替林进行对照治疗研究，采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和爱丁堡-斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表(MESSS）评定疗效。结果 帕罗西汀和阿米替林对脑卒中后抑郁障碍的疗效相当，但帕罗西汀起效较快，且不良反应较少而轻微。结论 帕罗西汀可明显改善脑卒中后抑郁障碍的程度，并能促进神经功能康复。     

乌灵胶囊治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床观察

目的观察乌灵胶囊治疗脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的临床疗效。方法选择符合入选标准的86例脑卒中后抑郁患者,将其分为2组,除均给予脑血管病常规治疗外,治疗组采用乌灵胶囊,对照组不给予任何抗抑郁药物,单予心理治疗。于治疗前和治疗后2、4、6周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行评定。结果治疗前2组间的HAMD评分无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后2、4、6周HAMD评分治疗组较对照组显著降低(P<0.01);治疗组总有效率90.7%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论乌灵胶囊能明显改善PSD患者的抑郁情绪和认知功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者检测SEP与血浆5-羟色胺的临床意义

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)患者体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential,SEP)与血浆5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平的变化及其相关性,为脑卒中后抑郁的诊断及预后提供科学依据。方法单纯脑卒中组(n=19)、脑卒中后抑郁组(n=17),采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)判断抑郁程度,另设正常对照组(n=12),检测3组体感诱发电位N9、N13、N20的潜伏期及波幅;检测各组血浆5-HT含量,比较分析3组体感诱发电位和血浆5-HT含量。结果脑卒中患者、脑卒中后抑郁患者正中神经测定N20的潜伏期及波幅异常率较正常人高(P0.05);脑卒中后抑郁组血浆中5-HT含量明显低于正常对照组或脑卒中组,差异显著均有统计学意义(P0.05);脑卒中后抑郁患者HAMD评分与N20潜伏期呈正相关、与N20波幅呈负相关,N9波幅、N9潜伏期、N13波幅、N13潜伏期、N20波幅无相关;脑卒中后抑郁组HAMD评分与血浆中5-HT含量呈负相关。结论脑卒中后抑郁患者血浆中5-HT含量明显低于正常人或脑卒中患者,并且脑卒中后抑郁患者及脑卒中患者正中神经测定N20波幅及潜伏期异常率明显高于正常组。因此,检测脑卒中患者的SEP中N20波幅、潜伏期及血浆5-HT水平,将对脑卒中后抑郁的诊断及预后具有很好的临床意义。     

脑卒中后不同时段抑郁与认知功能相关性研究

目的探讨脑卒中后不同时段抑郁与认知功能的相关性,并指导临床监测和干预。方法选择住院病例223例并确诊为急性期脑卒中,于卒中后72h行HAMD评分,≥8分的病例随机分为抗抑郁药物干预组、未干预组,<8分者1个月再次HAMD评分,其中≥8分的病例相同方法再分为干预组、未干预组,<8分者2个月再予评分,其中≥8分者相同方法再分为干预组、未干预组,<8分者3个月再次评分,分为≥8分和<8分组,各组病例在卒中后72h、3个月进行MoCa量表评分、P300检测。本文对脑卒中后不同时段抑郁未干预组72h、3个月时的MoCa评分、P300指标进行比较分析。结果①各未干预组72h、3个月时MoCa评分的比较:72h、3M时,72h组与1个月、2个月、3个月组比较,P均<0.01;72h时与3个月时比较:72h组P<0.05,1个月组P<0.01,2个月组P<0.01;3个月组P<0.05;②各未干预组72h、3个月时P300的比较:72h、3个月时,1个月、2个月组较72h、3个月组均有显著性差异;72h时与3个月时比较:1个月、2个月组潜伏期前后比较,P均<0.01。结论通过MoCa量表发现脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者存在不同程度的认知功能损害,其中以亚急性期、恢复期较明显,但其评分结果的准确性、真实性受到一定的限制;P300具备客观、敏感性高等优势,反映出1个月、2个月发生PSD对患者认知功能的影响更显著。所以应对脑卒中患者进行PSD及其认知功能的定期筛查,有针对性地尽早干预,全面改善患者的预后。     

老年人脑卒中后抑郁的初步调查

目的　观察老年人脑卒中后抑郁的特点及其影响因素。方法　对 5 8例老年脑卒中患者行汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HamiltonDepressionScale,HAMD)评分 ,并同时行改良爱丁堡 斯堪的维亚神经功能缺损量表评定。比较年龄、性别、卒中类型及发病情况分组的HAMD差异 ,分析两个量表评定结果。结果　HAMD总分大于或等于 2 0分的有 2 3人 (3 9 66% ) ,其中轻中度抑郁占 19例 ;抑郁与神经功能缺损、年龄、性别无相关关系 ;多次发病患者的量表评分明显高于首次发病患者 ;以绝望、睡眠障碍、运动阻滞和焦虑等症状为主要表现。结论　老年脑卒中患者抑郁以轻中度居多 ;患者的抑郁与神经功能缺损程度无关 ;反复卒中可导致抑郁。     

Depression and anxiety in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Correlations between the distress of patients and caregivers

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and caregivers. Methods: In this study we investigated 93 ALS patients and their 93 caregivers. Depression and anxiety were quantified by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. Results: Very strong correlations between depression and anxiety were found among patients and their caregivers. The severity of depression and anxiety of patients correlated moderately with that of their caregivers. No correlations were found between the severity of depression and anxiety and ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score or for disease duration among patients and caregivers. However, severity of depression and anxiety in caregivers correlated with their age. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety in ALS patients and their caregivers were associated closely with each other but not with physical disability or disease duration in our Chinese population. Muscle Nerve 51: 353–357, 2015     

Sensitivity of the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

We studied the sensitivity in detecting changes of the 6-item version of the original 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and compared it with the more widely used versions among 164 depressed outpatients with and without atypical features before and after treatment with fluoxetine. The 6-item HAM-D was shown to be as sensitive as the 17-, 21-and 24-item versions of this scale. In addition, the different versions of the HAM-D were strongly correlated with each other at baseline and at the endpoint. It appears that the 6-item version of the HAM-D allows the assessment of severity of depression with comparable sensitivity to the standard and more elaborate versions of the same scale.     

汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)的信度及效度研究

目的检验汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)的信度与效度。方法选用汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)与24项版本(HAMD-24)对264例住院及门诊抑郁症患者和32名正常对照进行了评定;并对随机抽取的34例住院患者在第1次评定后3天进行第2次评定;由经培训的2名评定员对其中的10名抑郁症患者同时施行量表评定,进行评分者信度研究;将HAMD-6与另3个版本(17项、21项、24项)进行相关分析,进行效度研究。结果HAMD-6的内部一致性系数Cronbachs的α为0.474,条目间的平均相关系数为0.131,34例患者重测HAMD-6的相关系数为0.951(P<0.01),评定员HAMD-6相关系数为0.989(P<0.01);HAMD-6各条目与总分的相关系数r在0.294~0.645之间(P<0.01);患者组同正常对照组HAMD-6总分经t检验,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);264例抑郁症患者HAMD-6总分与另3个版本总分显著相关,r为0.638~0.683(P<0.01)。结论HAMD-6同广泛使用的其他版本一样具有较高的信度与效度,并由于条目简洁,操作方便,易于掌握和节省时间,值得在临床推广使用。     

Validity of Hamilton Depression Inventory in Parkinson's disease.

Studies investigating the assessment of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited. We examined the concurrent validity and the internal consistency of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI) and compared it to the Hamilton and Geriatric Depression Scales. PD patients (n = 79) were recruited from neurology clinics. Diagnosis of depressive disorder was made according to DSM-IV criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The HDI exhibited an optimal cutoff for discriminating between depressed and nondepressed PD patients of 13.5/14.0 and is a valid instrument to use in the setting of PD.     

Performance of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in depressed patients in the United Arab Emirates

Cross-cultural variation in the frequencies and modes of expression of depressive symptoms may influence the validity of depression rating scales. The most widely used instrument for this purpose, namely Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), has not been systematically evaluated in Arab countries. This study evaluates the face validity of the HDRS-21 by studying symptom frequencies, factor structure and symptom clusters in 100 UAE depressed patients. Concurrent validity is tested by comparing total HDRS scores with global estimates of severity made by clinicians, admission status, impairment of social and occupational functioning, and the endogenicity score of the Newcastle (NC) Diagnostic Index. Total HDRS scores show highly significant agreement with three independent measures of severity of depression. Rank orders of the most and least frequent symptoms are consistent with studies of similar design. Marked differences lie in more retardation and somatization and fewer cognitive components in the present study. Principal-component analysis confirmed the heterogeneous structure of the scale, separating a group of core depressive symptoms, and endogenous, somatization, anxiety and psychotic symptom components. The internal consistency (reliability) of the whole scale is moderate, and improves in the core symptom factor. The main conclusion is that the HDRS is sensitive to severity of depression in the UAE culture. However, it measures heterogeneous aspects, and its internal consistency suffers as a result. High levels of retardation and somatization contribute significantly to the total score in socially developing communities.     

Duloxetine in treatment of anxiety symptoms associated with depression

Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have symptoms of anxiety associated with their depression. Duloxetine, a potent and balanced dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is effective in the treatmentof depression. We investigated its effects in treating the symptoms of anxiety in depressed patients. This investigation includes all the placebo-controlled studies of duloxetine in MDD but focuses on four trials in which duloxetine was superior to placebo on the primary outcome measure of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD(17)) total score. Studies 1 and 2 included duloxetine at 60 mg/d (the recommended starting and therapeutic dose) and placebo. Study 3 included duloxetine 120 mg/d (administered as 60 mg b.i.d.), fluoxetine 20 mg/d, and placebo. Study 4 included duloxetine 40 mg/d (administered as 20 mg b.i.d.), duloxetine 80 mg/d (administered as 40 mg b.i.d.), paroxetine 20 mg/d, and placebo. Anxiety was assessed in all studies using the HAMD anxiety/somatization subfactor and the anxiety-psychic item (HAMD Item 10). Studies 3 and 4 also included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Across the four studies, duloxetine at doses of >/=60 mg was compared with placebo on 10 outcomes and with either paroxetine or fluoxetine on 6 outcomes. In 8 comparisons, mean improvement for duloxetine was significantly greater than placebo at the last study visit and/or across all study visits. In 3 comparisons, the mean improvement for duloxetine was significantly greater than paroxetine or fluoxetine. In these studies, duloxetine provided rapid relief of anxiety symptoms associated with depression. Previous reports have summarized duloxetine's efficacy in treating the core emotional symptoms and painful physical symptoms associated with depression. Duloxetine's efficacy in treating a broad spectrum of symptoms associated with depression, including mood, anxiety, and painful physical symptoms, may be attributed to dual reuptake inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Efficacy in these three key symptom domains may in turn explain the high probabilities of remission (43-57%) observed in these studies.     

Relationship between depression severity entry criteria and antidepressant clinical trial outcomes.

BACKGROUND: We assessed whether increasing the minimum prerandomization Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score to enrich the severity of the depressed sample affects antidepressant trial outcome. METHODS: Using the Food and Drug Administration Summary Basis of Approval reports, we examined outcome data from 51 clinical trials (11,270 depressed patients) evaluating 10 investigational antidepressants. RESULTS: Using four categories of trials with increasing minimum HAM-D entry trial criteria, we found no statistically significant relationship between prerandomization categories and trial outcome overall. Although there were minor differences in trial outcome among the three categories with the lowest entry criteria (mean 49%, range, 44.4%-50.0%), the antidepressant trials requiring the highest prerandomization HAM-D score (> or = 20 HAM-D 17) had the lowest frequency of positive outcomes (20%), chi(2) = 4.04, df =1, p = .04. Paradoxically, high entry criteria requirements failed to increase reliably actual mean total prerandomization HAM-D scores, although mean total prerandomization HAM-D scores and use of flexible dosing were associated with higher rates of positive outcome. A greater placebo response was seen in trials requiring higher prerandomization depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, requiring higher prerandomization depressive symptoms was not associated with an increased rate of favorable outcomes among these 51 antidepressant trials.     

Concurrent validation of the 21-item and 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale versus the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to assess depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: an exploratory analysis

OBJECTIVE: The concurrent validity of this 6-item version of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-6) compared to the original 21-item tool (HDRS-21), using the DSM-IV criteria for major depression as the gold standard in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: In analytical study were analyzed: Cronbach's alpha (alpha C), item-total correlation, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and their area under the curve (AUC), Finally, used the Fagan nomogram. RESULTS: The 115-patient sample with mean illness duration of 7.15 years. HDRS-21 achieved an alpha C of 0.83, HDRS-6 a value of 0.68. Eleven of the HDRS-21 items failed to reach a minimum value. HDRS-21 obtained its better AUC capacity of 0.94 (cut/score of 18/19); HDRS-6 got an AUC of 0.92 (cut/score of 7/8). The Fagan nomogram was (89-94% and 83-90%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HDRS-6 is sufficient, valid and has a sound psychometric structure for use with Parkinson's disease patients.     

Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression‐21 Modifications in Patients With Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Treatment‐Resistant Depression: Series Report

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved for treatment of refractory depression (or treatment‐resistant deperssion) and bipolar disorder in Europe and Canada since 2001 and in United States since 2004 by the Food and Drug Administration. Several lines of evidence support an effective antidepressant effect with such treatment modality, outcomes being mainly evaluated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). We here report a series of nine patients with severe treatment‐resistant deperssion. They all underwent surgical intervention of implantation of left vagal nerve electrode at our institute. The preoperative psychiatric status and postoperative clinical outcome were both evaluated with the 21‐item version of the HRSD (HRSD₂₁). Five out of nine patients, having at least one‐year follow‐up, were responders (≥50% reduction of HRSD scoring) and four of these also were remitters (HRSD < 10). One patient with bipolar II disorder and one patient with melancholic depression did not significantly benefit from the procedure; the latter three patients have follow‐ups shorter than three months and one of them meets the remittance criteria; nonetheless, for the other two , HRSD₂₁ score is gradually decreasing with time.