创伤暴露后吸烟行为变化与创伤后应激障碍的相关性研究

目的 了解创伤暴露后吸烟情况的变化与创伤暴露、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)之间的关系.方法 在汶川地震6个月后,采用目前美国PTSD流行病学调查和诊断工具,按整群分层抽样原则对1125名参加汶川抗震救灾现场救援军人在抗震救灾前后吸烟情况的变化及PTSD的患病情况进行调查.PTSD诊断分别采用Davidson创伤量表(DTS)和DSM-Ⅳ标准确定.结果 实查1 056人,共检出PTSD患者69例,患病率为6.53%.本调查发现:(1)创伤暴露未对吸烟产生不利影响.创伤暴露后总的吸烟人数仅增加5例,吸烟量由创伤暴露前的(9.43±6.13)支/天减少到创伤暴露后的(8.04±6.05)支/天(t=6.595,P=0.000).(2)PTSD对吸烟有显著影响.PTSD与非PTSD相比会增加创伤暴露后初始吸烟的危险性(31.3%vs12.9%,X2=4.394,P=0.036).虽然PTSD组创伤暴露前、后总的吸烟量无明显改变(t=1.802,P=0.077),但创伤暴露后自诉吸烟量增多者PTSD组显著高于非FTSD组(X2=17.127,P=0.000).(3)多元Iogistic回归分析表明,服役满意度低(OR=2.574,P:0.000)、创伤暴露后患PTSD(OR=2.529,P=0.001)、创伤暴露前为烟草依赖者(OR=1.334,P=0.002)、军龄长(OR=1.334,P=0.002)是地震现场救援军人创伤暴露后吸烟行为增加的显著危险因素.结论 创伤暴露对吸烟无明显影响,而患PTSD会增加吸烟的危险.     

地震现场救援军人吸烟与创伤后应激障碍的相关性

目的:了解吸烟与创伤暴露、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)之间的关系.方法:共1 125名地震现场救援军人在四川汶川地震6个月后纳入调查.调查工具包括一般人口学资料、Davidson创伤量表(DTS)及烟草依赖情况调查表.结果:实查1 056人,共检出PTSD患者69例,PTSD患病率6.53%.调查发现:①PTSD组吸烟率...     

地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的研究

目的:调查汶川地震救援军人在震后7个月时创伤后应激障碍的检出率及相关因素。方法:在参与地震救援的部队中随机抽取600人,采用创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表(PTSD-SS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行调查。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对497份有效问卷的数据进行统计分析。结果:地震救援工作7个月后,创伤后应激障碍中、重度症状的时点检出率为2%。回归分析显示,救援中接触伤亡多(B=0.242,P=0.010)、遭遇威胁生命的情境多(B=0.280,P=0.006)、EPQ-N分高(B=0.106,P=0.000)是发生创伤后应激障碍的危险因素,而社会支持利用度(B=-0.095,P=0.035)是保护因素。结论:EPQ-N高分特征的军人是心理干预工作的重点,有效社会支持利用可减少PTSD发生。     

芦山地震受灾人群创伤后应激障碍的流行病学调查北大核心CSCD

目的 调查芦山地震受灾人群PTSD的患病率及其影响因素.方法 采用横断面调查,在四川省雅安市芦山县、宝兴县两地分层随机抽取1110名成年被调查者,使用自编问卷采集一般人口学资料、芦山地震受灾情况以及芦山地震、汶川地震对被调查者影响的比较等,PTSD筛查量表平民版（PTSD Check List-Civilian Version,PCL-C）筛查被调查者对芦山地震的应激反应程度,MINI-自杀风险评估其自杀风险.PCL-C＞38分者由精神科医师采用MINI中文版中的PTSD章节诊断其是否患有PTSD.采用线性回归分析方法对PTSD的影响因素进行相关分析.结果 998名被调查者纳入分析,其中男372名（37.27％,372/998）,女626名（62.73％,626/998）.PCL-C＞38分者251名（25.15％,251/998）,PTSD患者24例,PTSD患病率2.40％（24/998）.自杀高风险者11名（1.10％,11/998）.回归分析显示,PCL-C总分与女性（β=-2.041）、家庭低收入（β=-3.870）、地震中亲属遇难（β=0.164）、朋友遇难（β=-0.059）、地震中被掩埋（β=-14.335）、受伤（β=0.495）等因素相关（均P＜0.05）.女性（OR=4.304）、地震中被掩埋（OR=15.688）是罹患PTSD的危险因素（均P＜0.05）.家庭低收入（OR=3.147）、罹患PTSD （OR=25.101）是自杀高风险的危险因素（均P＜0.05）.结论 5年内连续2次遭受地震创伤的受灾人群中PTSD的患病率并不高,女性及在地震中自身生命受威胁是罹患PTSD的危险因素,应有针对性地进行干预.     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact factors 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in a group of military first responders.Method A total of 1125 military first responders serving in the earthquake were screened and enrolled in the study.The social-demographic characteristics, Davidson Trauma Scale ( DTS), earthquake exposure screening scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI- Ⅱ ) were assessed to every first responder 6 months after the earthquake.The PTSD diagnosis was based on both DTS ≥ 40 and DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results The final analysis was carried out on 1056 first responders.The prevalence of PTSD was 6.53% (69 cases) according to DTS criteria and 5.97% (63 cases) according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.The univariate analysis revealed that being a single child, dissatisfied with current service, having a history of smoking or drinking, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure and intensity of traumatic exposure were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTSD.Results from logistic regression indicated that the intensity of traumatic exposure, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure were significant predictors of PTSD.Being a single child (OR =2.24, 95% CI 0.98 -5.12,P =0.057) was a trend predictor of PTSD.Conclusion The study results support that PTSD is a common mental disorder in military first responders earthquake, it is necessary to strengthen psychological protection and crisis intervention.     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact factors 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in a group of military first responders.Method A total of 1125 military first responders serving in the earthquake were screened and enrolled in the study.The social-demographic characteristics, Davidson Trauma Scale ( DTS), earthquake exposure screening scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI- Ⅱ ) were assessed to every first responder 6 months after the earthquake.The PTSD diagnosis was based on both DTS ≥ 40 and DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results The final analysis was carried out on 1056 first responders.The prevalence of PTSD was 6.53% (69 cases) according to DTS criteria and 5.97% (63 cases) according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.The univariate analysis revealed that being a single child, dissatisfied with current service, having a history of smoking or drinking, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure and intensity of traumatic exposure were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTSD.Results from logistic regression indicated that the intensity of traumatic exposure, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure were significant predictors of PTSD.Being a single child (OR =2.24, 95% CI 0.98 -5.12,P =0.057) was a trend predictor of PTSD.Conclusion The study results support that PTSD is a common mental disorder in military first responders earthquake, it is necessary to strengthen psychological protection and crisis intervention.     

河北省精神分裂症的患病率、人口学特征及功能状况分析

目的了解精神分裂症的患病率、人口学特征及社会生活功能状况。方法采用随机抽样方法,调查河北省18岁以上人群24000人,调查筛选工具采用改编后的一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12),以《DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查》病人版(SCID-I/P)为调查的诊断工具。功能状况评价采用功能大体评定量表(GAF)。结果精神分裂症时点患病率为0.546%(95%CI:0.445%~0.646%),终生患病率为0.662%(95%CI:0.551%~0.772%)。时点患病率:城市0.440%,农村0.561%,农村虽高于城市,但无显著性差异(u=0.80,P>0.05);女性0.649%,男性0.443%,女性明显高于男性(u=2.01,P<0.01);30~60岁患病率较高。偏执型占63.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,影响精神分裂症的危险因素有分居/离婚(OR=9.58)、独身(OR=6.99)、家庭年收入0~5000元(OR=4.2),保护性因素有已婚(OR=0.38)、无宗教(OR=0.46);严重程度以中度和重度多见,社会和生活功能受损明显,GAF评分平均为(48.41±19.07)分。结论精神分裂症是一种患病率相对较高的重性精神疾病,严重影响患者的社会生活功能。     

保定市创伤后应激障碍流行病学调查

目的：了解保定市18岁及以上人群创伤后应激障碍患病率。方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取10073名≥18岁的人群为调查对象，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）对调查对象进行DSM-Ⅳ修订版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床用治疗提纲（SCID-I／P），对各类精神障碍进行诊断。结果：9021人完成调查。创伤后应激障碍时点患病率为3．7‰，终生患病率5．7‰。创伤后应激障碍时点患病者33例中6例（18．8％）患者与情感障碍共病。结论：创伤后应激障碍已成为严重影响社会、经济发展的因素之一，应列入防治和研究的重点疾病。     

军人创伤后应激障碍患者脑干听觉反应的对照研究

目的　探讨军人创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)患者脑干听觉反应 (ABR)的特点。方法　对 36例PTSD患者和 4 0名健康军人 (对照组 )应用美国NicoletBravo脑电生理仪 ,采用Click短声刺激进行ABR测查。结果　与对照组比较 ,PTSD组的Pz脑区波V绝对潜伏期延迟 (t=4 .5 2 ,P <0 .0 1) ,OZ 脑区波V绝对潜伏期前移(t=4 .5 1,P <0 .0 1) ,OZ 脑区波Ⅱ绝对波幅与PZ 脑区波Ⅳ绝对波幅均降低 (t =5 .5 6和t =5 .5 9,均P <0 .0 1)。结论　ABR对临床辅助诊断PTSD有一定参考价值     

河北省抑郁症的流行病学调查

目的:了解河北省抑郁症的患病率和分布特点。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群16 088名,用扩展的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组,采用美国精神障碍诊断标准(DSM-Ⅳ),以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版(SCID-I/P)对调查对象进行抑郁症的诊断。心理、社会及职业功能评定采用大体功能评定量表(GAF)。结果:14 408人完成调查,抑郁症的终生患病率为0.62%(95%CI=0.46%～0.78%),时点患病率为0.54%(95%CI=0.39%～0.69%)。时点患病率:女性高于男性(P<0.01);30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁患病率较高。Logistic回归分析结果:女性、分居/离婚、低收入增加抑郁症的患病危险性。心理、社会及职业功能受损程度:重度57.41%,中度35.19%,无或轻度7.41%。抑郁症的精神科门诊就诊率为35.56%,住院率28.89%。结论:抑郁症是一类患病率较高的精神障碍,在女性及30～59岁中更常见,严重影响患者的心理、社会及职业功能,精神卫生服务利用率低。     

Posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-5: estimates of prevalence and symptom structure in a nonclinical sample of college students

We empirically investigated recent proposed changes to the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis for DSM-5 using a non-clinical sample. A web survey was administered to 585 college students using the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire to assess for trauma exposure but with additions for the proposed traumatic stressor changes in DSM-5 PTSD. For the 216 subjects endorsing previous trauma exposure and nominating a worst traumatic event, we administered the original PTSD Symptom Scale based on DSM-IV PTSD symptom criteria and an adapted version for DSM-5 symptoms, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. While 67% of participants endorsed at least one traumatic event based on DSM-IV PTSD's trauma classification, 59% of participants would meet DSM-5 PTSD's proposed trauma classification. Estimates of current PTSD prevalence were .4-1.8% points higher for the DSM-5 (vs. the DSM-IV) diagnostic algorithm. The DSM-5 symptom set fit the data very well based on confirmatory factor analysis, and neither symptom set's factors were more correlated with depression.     

Posttraumatic symptoms and cognitions in parents of children and adolescents with PTSD

Parents may develop symptoms of distress and dysfunctional cognitions in response to their child’s exposure to traumatic events. Additionally, they may also be affected by their own traumatic experiences. This study investigated the frequency of traumatic experiences and of symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in a sample of parents of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, we explored the association of parental symptoms with their dysfunctional cognitions related to their child’s trauma. Parents (N = 113) of children and adolescents with PTSD completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI-II), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. Correlations between symptom measures and dysfunctional cognitions were calculated. The majority (78.8 %) of the parents reported their own potentially traumatic experiences. Furthermore, 33.6 % evaluated their child’s trauma as the worst event, 34.5 % rated their own experiences as their worst event, and 26.5 % indicated that their own worst traumatic event was the same type as their child’s trauma. The frequency of clinically elevated parental symptoms on the PDS was 48.6 %, and on the BDI-II 32.7 %. Parental symptoms were independent of the reference person of the parental traumatic index event. However, they did correlate significantly with their dysfunctional cognitions (between r = 0.44 and 0.69, p < 0.01). Many parents report their own traumatic experiences and a significant proportion has its own clinically relevant symptoms of distress. Parental psychological symptoms are moderately associated with their dysfunctional cognitions. The results emphasize the need to consider parental distress when treating pediatric PTSD.     

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity in a sample of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

This study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity in military veterans with a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and evaluated the relationships between the 2 disorders and exposure to traumatic events. The sample included 222 male and female military veterans who were administered structured clinical interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Results show that 54.5% met the criteria for current PTSD, 11.5% of whom also met the criteria for current adult ADHD. Level of trauma exposure and ADHD severity were significant predictors of current PTSD severity. Evaluation of the underlying structure of symptoms of PTSD and ADHD using confirmatory factor analysis yielded a best-fitting measurement model that comprised 4 PTSD factors and 3 ADHD factors. Standardized estimates of the correlations among PTSD and ADHD factors suggested that the largest proportion of shared variance underlying PTSD-ADHD comorbidity is related to problems with modulating arousal levels that are common to both disorders (ie, hyperarousal and hypoarousal).     

Assessing possible DSM-5 ASD subtypes in a sample of victims meeting caseness for DSM-5 ASD based on self-report following multiple forms of traumatic exposure

Acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the DSM-IV to recognize early traumatic responses and as a precursor of PTSD. Although the diagnostic criteria for ASD were altered and structured more similarly to the PTSD definition in DSM-5, only the PTSD diagnosis includes a dissociative subtype. Emerging research has indicated that there also appears to be a highly symptomatic subtype for ASD. However, the specific nature of the subtype is currently unclear. The present study investigates the possible presence of ASD subtypes in a mixed sample of victims meeting caseness for DSM-5 ASD based on self-report following four different types of traumatic exposure (N = 472). The results of latent profile analysis revealed a 5-class solution. The highly symptomatic class was marked by high endorsement on avoidance and dissociation compared to the other classes. Findings are discussed in regard to its clinical implications including the implications for the pending the ICD-11 and the recently released DSM-5.     

One-year follow-up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among earthquake survivors in Turkey

Earthquakes and their consequences present a major global public health problem. In 1998, a major earthquake struck Southern Turkey. The aims of this study were to describe longitudinally the severity and the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among earthquake survivors in Turkey and to explore risk factors associated with psychiatric disorders. The sample of this study consists of 105 consecutive subjects who used our psychiatric service, via either outpatient clinic or home visit. PTSD was assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The severity of depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory. The rates of earthquake-related Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition PTSD were 42% within 1 month and 23% within 13 months. The diagnosis of PTSD was significantly related to the presence of injury and to less social support in the initial assessment. In the follow-up assessment, although the mean total Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale severity score improved significantly, the mean Beck Depression Inventory score did not change significantly. The decrease in posttraumatic stress symptoms 13 months after the earthquake may be related to relatively good living conditions and adequate social and health services. Early mental health intervention may serve to prevent the chronicity of posttraumatic stress reactions among earthquake victims.     

汶川地震所致创伤后应激障碍患者的共病分析

目的:了解汶川地震部分极重灾区所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者共病其他精神障碍的情况,以及影响共病的因素。方法:采用方便取样,对四川省绵阳市所辖的安县、平武县及北川县部分受灾群众进行调查,以DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查(SCID-I/P)为诊断工具。结果:共138例诊断PTSD,其中90例共病其他精神障碍,共病率65.2%;42.8%患者共病重性抑郁障碍,12.3%共病特殊恐怖症,10.9%共病惊恐发作;40～59岁共病率最高为70.4%(χ2=5.94,P=0.05),有亲人死亡者共病抑郁症35例,明显高于无亲人死亡者24例,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.16;P=0.04)。结论:65.2%PTSD患者共病其他精神障碍,以共病重性抑郁障碍、特殊恐怖症、惊恐发作最多见,共病率与年龄相关,地震中有亲人死亡将增加PTSD共病抑郁症风险。     

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Survey (MES)

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study is to describe the community prevalence of psychiatric disorder, mainly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 3 years after a devastating earthquake. METHODS: Three years after the Marmara Earthquake, 683 individuals from the epicentre were randomly selected to form a representative sample and were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The 36 months prevalence of PTSD and MDD after the Marmara Earthquake were 19.2% and 18.7% respectively. The current prevalence of PTSD and MDD in the affected community was found to be 11.7% and 10.5%, respectively. PTSD and MDD were the most prevalent disorders after the disaster and showed a decrease over time. However, only 38.9% of the PTSD cases identified at any time over the 3 years were in remission at the 3rd-year. The co-occurrence of MDD with PTSD resulted in a decrease in the rate of recovery from PTSD. MDD was also the most prevalent disorder accompanying PTSD. Of all the subjects 37.5% with PTSD still met the MDD criteria at the 3rd year postearthquake. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with the data from pre-earthquake national mental health profile, the present study showed that the prevalence of MDD, panic disorder, OCD, GAD, social phobia and special phobias were still higher in the affected region 3 years after the earthquake.     

地震后被转移伤员创伤后应激障碍及心理状况分析

目的 调查地震后被转移伤员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生及其心理健康状况.方法 采用PTSD症状自评和诊断工具及症状自评量表(SCL-90),在地震后40 d对354例被转移伤员的PTSD的发生和心理健康状况进行评估.结果 (1)地震后40 d,有82例(23.2%)伤员发生PTSD,女性55例(55/200,27.5%),男性27例(27/154,17.5%),女性发生率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在不符合PTSD诊断的伤员中,199例(199/249,79.9%)存在再体验症状,164例(164/249,65.9%)存在麻木或回避症状,208例(208/249,83.5%)存在过度唤起症状.(2)PTSD患者的SCL-90总分(209.00±68.78)分、强迫症状因子(2.38±0.61)分、人际关系敏感因子(2.18±0.87)分、抑郁因子(2.50±0.86)分、焦虑因子(2.42±0.90)分、敌对因子(2.47±0.87)分,高于非PTSD患者[(153.08±5.63)分、(1.71±0.64)分、(1.50±0.60)分、(1.71±0.69)分、(1.70±0.76)分、(1.66±0.73)分;P＜0.05,P＜0.01].(3)地震后被转移伤员的SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性和其他因子得分高于全国常模组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 地震后部分被转移伤员出现PTSD,相当多的伤员遭受了不同程度的心理影响,应予以长期关注.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the incidence of post traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and mental status in the transferred wounded after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods At the 40th day after earthquake, 354 wounded were evaluated by the PTSD Symptoms Self Rating Scale, and Symptom Checklist 90 ( SCL-90 ). The diagnosis of PTSD was made according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Results After 40 days, 82( 23.2% )suffered PTSD in these wounded, including 55 females( 55/200,27.5% ) and 27 males( 27/154,17. 5% ), the rate in women was significantly higher than that in men. In those non-PTSD wounded, 199patients 199/249,79.9% ) had re-experienced symptoms, 164 patients( 164/249,65.9% ) had numbness/escaping symptoms, 208 patients( 208/249,83.5% ) had excessive arousing symptoms. The SCL-90 total score( 209.00 ±68.78 ), obsession( 2. 38 ± 0. 61 ), human relation sensitivity( 2. 18 ± 0. 87 ), depression ( 2. 50 ±0. 86 ), anxiety( 2.42 ± 0. 90 ) and hostility factor( 2.47 ± 0. 87 ) score of the PTSD were higher than those of the non-PTSD[( 153.08 ± 5.63 ),( 1.71 ± 0. 64 ),( 1. 50 ± 0. 60 ),( 1.71 ± 0. 69 ),( 1.70 ±0. 76 ),( 1.66 ±0. 73 );P ＜0. 05 -0. 01] . The SCL-90 total score and somatization, obsession, depression,anxiety, hostility, phobia, crankiness, psychosis and the other factor score of the wounded were higher than those of the national norm group( P ＜ 0. 05 - 0. 01 ). Conclusion Considerable number of the transferred wounded existed PTSD symptoms in experienced earthquake disaster, they need to be intervened for a long period.     

Frequency of PTSD in a group of search and rescue workers two months after 2003 Bingol (Turkey) earthquake

This study aimed to determine the frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a group of search and rescue workers 2 months after the May 2003 Bingol earthquake. Forty-four of 55 workers were interviewed. The Personal Information Form, the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale, the State Anxiety Inventory, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Endicott Work Productivity Scale were used. PTSD was diagnosed in 25% of the subjects. In subjects with PTSD, all scale scores were significantly higher. A positive correlation was determined between Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale score and State Anxiety Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Endicott Work Productivity Scale scores (r = 0.712, p = .000; r = 0.429, p = .004; r = 0.381, p = .011; r = 0.720, p = .000, respectively). The high scores of all scales showed that PTSD may also have comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. Rescue workers who give first-level service in disasters should receive psychiatric support in specific time frames.