慢性多发性肌炎临床及病理分析

目的探讨慢性多发性肌炎的发病机制、临床和病理特征。方法回顾性分析95例慢性多发性肌炎患者临床表现、肌酶学和肌电图检查结果,总结肌肉病理学特征。结果慢性多发性肌炎以四肢近端肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,血清酶谱轻-中度增高,肌电图以肌源性损害为主,病理改变为灶性坏死、炎性细胞浸润与再生肌纤维共存。结论临床特点结合病理学检查有助于慢性多发性肌炎的诊断,多数患者激素治疗有效。     

Virus-like structures in muscle in chronic polymyositis

Summary Electron microscopic examination of a biopsy of skeletal muscle from a young girl with chronic polymyositis revealed the presence of sarcoplasmic and perinuclear inclusions.A large number of virus-like particles was demonstrated at the surface of muscle cells and in extracellular space. On the basis of the microscopic appearance it is suggested that the virus particles belong to one of the members of the paramyxovirus group.These studies are part of a research project supported by NIH Bethesda Md (U.S.A.) under agreement No. 05-002-1.     

伴有眼外肌麻痹的多发性肌炎

目的探讨多发性肌炎眼外肌受累的特点。方法收集1例以眼外肌麻痹为突出表现的多发性肌炎叠加综合征患者临床病理资料并结合文献总结在炎性肌病中眼外肌受累的特点。结果（1）实验室检查：肌酸激酶6498U/L,抗核抗体（1：320）阳性（均质型）,肌电图提示肌源性受损,重频刺激试验阴性；（2）肌肉活检：可见明显的肌纤维变性坏死、吞噬现象及局灶性淋巴细胞浸润,MHC-I免疫组化染色可见广泛肌纤维图MHC-I表达阳性以及炎性细胞浸润MHC-I表达阳性的正常肌纤维。结论眼外肌麻痹是炎性肌病的少见表现。在眼外肌麻痹的鉴别诊断时应考虑到炎性肌病的可能性。     

Recent advances in polymyositis

The most typical clinical features of polymyositis (PM), the criteria of diagnosis and principles of treatment are outlined. An inflammatory disease of muscle, PM also frequently affects other organs such as the skin and hence the name dermatomyositis. The principal cardiac symptom is a peculiar disturbance of atrioventricular conduction, correlated with a specific anti-Ro autoantibody, present in 25% of patients. The etiology of PM is as yet unknown, although there is evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis. It is frequently found in association with other immune-mediated diseases such as myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, immune-complex vasculitis and Sjogren syndrome. Laboratory investigations show hypergammaglobulinemia, a decrease of complement factors C3 and C4 and the presence of circulating immune complexes in 70% of patients. Very frequent, especially in cases of dermatomyositis, is a histologically detectable accumulation of IgG and complement in the walls of the intramuscular venous vessels. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity, emphasised formerly as highly significant in PM, has not been confirmed. The presence of specific antimyoglobin lymphocyto-toxicity, once considered to be the hallmark of muscle degeneration in PM, has been excluded by a number of laboratories. In a personal series of patients with various clinical forms of PM a severe loss of suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes was found in the peripheral blood and a relative increase in the first subset. These results support the hypothesis that a serious disturbance of immunoregulation is present in PM and is the cause of a multitude of immunological anomalies, the characterisation of which is under study.This work was supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain     

慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎一例临床和骨骼肌病理特点

目的 报道1例慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎患者的临床和骨骼肌病理改变特点.方法 我院于2010年12月29日收治1例慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎患者,该患者为女性,40岁,因急性粒单核细胞白血病于20个月前行异基因造血干细胞移植术.术后给予环孢素A抗排异治疗13个月,6个月前缓慢出现进行性四肢近端无力,伴有肌痛.血肌酸激酶升高(426～1948 U/L).血清抗EJ抗体强阳性.肌电图提示神经源性损害,周围神经传导速度下降.对该患者进行左肱二头肌活体组织检查,标本除进行组织学、酶组织化学染色外,还采用抗CD8、CD20、CD68和主要组织相容性复合物-Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ)鼠抗人单克隆抗体作为第一抗体进行免疫组织化学染色.结果 骨骼肌的主要病理改变是肌纤维直径变异加大,伴随肌纤维坏死、再生以及成小组分布的角状萎缩肌纤维.血管周围和肌内衣可见呈灶性分布的CD8+T淋巴细胞和CD6+8单核细胞浸润.MHC-Ⅰ染色显示大部分肌纤维膜异常着色.结论 慢性移植物抗宿主病相关性多发性肌炎具有慢性炎性肌肉病特点,可以伴随神经源性骨骼肌损害.     

Relapsing polymyositis in chronic graft versus host disease

Chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which contributes to the morbidity and mortality of transplant patients. A polymyositis pattern of injury is a rare manifestation of chronic GVHD in skeletal muscle after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report a 54-year-old man with acute myeloid lymphoma who underwent an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and subsequently developed acute gastrointestinal GVHD 2 months post-transplantation and polymyositis 14 months post-transplantation. Upon tapering of steroids, the patient experienced a relapse of polymyositis. The literature on polymyositis in chronic GVHD is briefly reviewed.     

Development of tolerance in brain mitochondria for calcium uptake following chronic ethanol ingestion

Brain mitochondria isolated from rats following 10 weeks of chronic exposure to ethanol were not deficient in respiratory function or in rates of calcium uptake under control conditions. Ethanol (80 mM) in the incubation medium caused significant depression in the respiratory and ATP-dependent rates of calcium uptake in control mitochondria, but did not affect mitochondria from ethanol-tolerant rats. Chronic exposure to ethanol causes mitochondria to take calcium up at a normal rate when challenged acutely by ethanol.     

单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎的病程演变

目的　探讨单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎的病程演变规律,以期获得对该病较全面的认识,指导临床治疗。方法　对６２ 例单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎病程演变、临床病理和治疗相互间关系进行分析研究。结果　起病急、进展快、病情在半年内发展至高峰者,临床上以发热、肌痛、颈肌无力和吞咽困难常见,病理以急性炎症改变突出,及时治疗疗效好;而起病隐匿、进展缓慢、病情半年以上仍在进展者,以肢体肌无力多见,病理以间质改变更突出,预后较差,易迁延。结论　我们认为,病情在半年以内达高峰者可称为急性或亚急性单纯性多发性肌炎或皮肌炎,病情超过半年仍在进展者可称为慢性多发性肌炎或皮肌炎。     

B7-H1分子免疫病理在多发性肌炎中的临床研究

目的 通过免疫组化染色了解协同刺激分子B7-H1蛋白在多发性肌炎(PM)和肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD 28)患者肌组织中的表达情况,探讨其在PM诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 选择苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科自2006年1月至2009年12月收治的43例PM患者(PM组),26例LGMD 2B型患者(LGMD 2B组)及21例肌活检正常者(对照组).对所有成员行肌肉活检,冰冻切片后进行常规HE染色、免疫组织化学染色,检测肌组织中B7-H1蛋白的表达.结果 (1)PM组与LGMD 2B型组肌肉活检普通病理染色结果相似,表现为不同程度的坏死、吞噬、再生现象,伴有不同程度的炎细胞浸润.(2)PM组B7-H1蛋白阳性表达主要定位于细胞膜,呈棕黄色至棕褐色,主要集中在有炎细胞浸润的变性、坏死肌纤维上;其肌组织中B7-H1蛋白表达水平比较LGMD2B型组和对照组成员肌组织中水平明显增高(分别为69.77%、26.92%、4.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 协同刺激分子B7-H1在PM患者肌组织中高表达,参与了PM的免疫学发病机制,可成为PM与继发性炎细胞浸润性肌病相鉴别的免疫病理标志.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the protein expression of costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in muscular tissues of patients with polymyositis (PM) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-2B type (LGMD-2B), and investigate its relevance to the pathogenesis of PM and its role in the diagnosis and identification of PM. Methods Forty-three patients with PM, 26 patients with LGMD -2B and 21 with normal muscle biopsy were recruited. Muscle biopsy was performed before frozen sections, and then, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression of B7-H1 in muscle tissues of each group. Results The results of HE staining of muscle tissues in the PM group and LGMD 2B group were very similar; varying degrees of necrosis, phagocytosis and regeneration phenomenon were noted with varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. In PM group,muscle-related expression of B7-H1 was observed on the surface of muscle fibers (the cytomembrane). It was localized in areas where inflammatory cells lay in close apposition to damaged or non-necrotic muscle fibers. The B7-H1 protein in the PM muscular tissue was significantly increased as compared with that in the LGMD -2B tissue and normal tissue (69.77%, 26.92%, 4.76%, P<0.05). Conclusion Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 is highly expressed in the muscular tissue of patients with PM and it may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PM. It can be used to make a distinction between PM and other myopathies that have secondary inflammatory changes.