重复经颅磁刺激治疗焦虑谱系障碍的进展

本文综述了重复经颅磁刺激治疗广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、创伤后应激障碍、强迫症等焦虑谱系障碍的进展情况。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗焦虑障碍的研究进展

本文综述了重复经颅磁刺激（Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,rTMS）用于治疗焦虑障碍的文献,以期能更好的了解此领域的研究现状,探讨进一步研究的有效性及可行性,揭示此领域今后的研究方向。     

重复经颅磁刺激改善失眠患者主观睡眠质量的Meta分析

目的系统评价重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对失眠患者主观睡眠质量的疗效,为rTMS治疗失眠提供循证依据。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和中国期刊全文数据库,纳入关于rTMS治疗失眠或睡眠障碍的随机对照研究。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据,并对纳入文献的方法学质量进行评价。采用RevMan 5.2进行Meta分析,采用Stata 13.0分析发表偏倚。结果最终纳入13篇文献,共889例患者。Meta分析结果显示:rTMS治疗组睡眠质量改善的效果优于对照组(SMD=-1.11,95%CI:-1.46～-0.76,Z=6.22,P0.01)。亚组分析结果显示,针对原发性和继发性失眠患者,rTMS治疗组睡眠质量改善的效果均优于对照组(原发性:SMD=-1.22,95%CI:-1.72～-0.72,Z=4.77,P0.01;继发性:SMD=-1.04,95%CI:-1.55～-0.54,Z=4.04,P0.01)。高频和低频rTMS对患者睡眠质量评分的改善效果均优于对照组(高频:SMD=-0.44,95%CI:-0.76～-0.13,Z=2.73,P0.01;低频:SMD=-1.24,95%CI:-1.61～-0.86,Z=6.45,P0.01)。结论高频或低频rTMS联合常规治疗对失眠患者主观睡眠质量的改善效果更佳,对原发性和继发性失眠均有效。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后癫痫合并焦虑抑郁患者的效果

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后癫痫合并焦虑抑郁患者的效果。方法将93例脑卒中后癫痫合并焦虑抑郁患者随机分组,对照组46例予常规药物治疗,观察组47例联合重复经颅磁刺激,对比两组患者焦虑抑郁情绪、神经功能、神经递质、血液流变学变化及不良事件发生率。结果观察组治疗后NE水平高于对照组,HAMD、HAMA、NIHSS评分及Fib、PAl、LSV、HSV、ηs、5-HT水平均低于对照组(P0.05);不良事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激能够有效改善脑卒中后癫痫合并焦虑抑郁患者的情绪和神经递质及血液流变学水平。     

劳拉西泮联合低频重复经颅磁刺激对慢性失眠障碍的效果

目的探讨劳拉西泮联合低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对慢性失眠障碍的临床疗效,为慢性失眠障碍的治疗提供参考。方法纳入符合《中国失眠障碍诊断和治疗指南》慢性失眠障碍诊断标准的患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为劳拉西泮联合低频rTMS治疗组(研究组)与劳拉西泮联合伪低频rTMS治疗组(对照组)各60例。于治疗前和治疗第4周末进行多导睡眠监测(PSG),于治疗前和治疗第1、2、4周末进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定。结果①治疗第4周末,研究组PSQI评分低于对照组(t=-3. 506,P=0. 001),研究组睡眠质量疗效的显效率和有效率均高于对照组(χ~2=4. 658、5. 926,P均0. 05);研究组实际睡眠总时间、睡眠效率均高于对照组(t=2. 333～3. 784,P均0. 05),睡眠潜伏期、觉醒时间、觉醒次数、快速眼球运动睡眠潜伏期均低于对照组(t=-2. 903～-2. 214,P均0. 05)。②治疗第4周末,研究组HAMA评分低于对照组(t=-2. 072,P0. 05);治疗第1、2、4周末,研究组HAMD-17评分均低于对照组(t=-2. 190～-1. 701,P均0. 05)。结论劳拉西泮联合低频rTMS可能有助于改善慢性失眠障碍患者的睡眠质量,并缓解其抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪。     

经颅磁刺激辅助治疗对躯体形式障碍患者焦虑、抑郁的作用

<正>本研究观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)辅助治疗对躯体形式障碍(SD)患者焦虑、抑郁的作用。1对象和方法为2010年7月至2012年5月入住本院18~65岁SD患者24例,符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊断标准;随机分为两组,研究组:男5例,女7例;年龄(51.6±15.9)岁;病程(59.4±54.0)个月。汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)(22.75±5.659)分,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)(19.92±5.632)分。对照组:男5例,女7例;年龄(47.5±11.9)岁;病程(37.4±38.7)个月,HAMD(24.42±6.345)分,HAMA(21.17±6.820)分;入组者均无严重躯体疾病,     

重复经颅磁刺激对广泛性焦虑障碍患者认知功能影响的研究进展

本文目的是对重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）患者认知功能影响的研究进展进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考。GAD作为一种常见的慢性精神疾病,影响患者的认知功能、生活质量及社会功能。一线治疗虽对大部分患者安全有效,但对认知功能的改善效果并不明确。rTMS作为一项无创安全的辅助物理治疗技术,有望能为GAD的临床治疗提供新思路。本综述从GAD的认知功能、一线治疗以及rTMS治疗方面进行阐述。     

重复经颅磁刺激在治疗帕金森病抑郁中的应用

重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)是一种无创的利用脉冲磁场对大脑皮质特定部位给予重复刺激的治疗手段,被应用于部分神经系统疾病的治疗。本文就rTMS治疗帕金森病抑郁的研究现状做一综述。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗焦虑相关障碍研究进展北大核心CSCD

焦虑障碍是现今最为常见的精神障碍之一,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。尽管目前有众多治疗方法用于改善焦虑障碍,包括药物治疗、心理疗法以及认知行为治疗等,但仍约有25%患者治疗无效[2]。研究发现,焦虑障碍患者脑内存在紊乱的神经回路或异常的皮层兴奋区域[3],调节这些神经回路或皮层兴奋性成为治疗焦虑障碍的关键。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)通过线圈产生磁场,直接作用于大脑皮层,促进皮层产生感应电流,从而改变皮层兴奋性,并调节突触可塑性,以改变脑内紊乱的神经连接[4]。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激治疗卒中后抑郁的临床研究

运用高频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）技术探索卒中后抑郁（PSD）新的治疗方法，我们进行了以下研究。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗伴躯体疼痛抑郁症患者的疗效观察

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗伴有躯体疼痛的抑郁症患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法将60例伴有躯体疼痛的抑郁症患者随机分为两组,各30例,均给予度洛西汀口服8周,研究组同时联用rTMS,对照组则予假性rTMS刺激4周,观察8周。于治疗前及治疗后第1,2,3,4,8周应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、医学结局研究用疼痛量表（MOSPM）和治疗中出现的不良反应量表（TESS）评定两组的治疗效果和安全性。结果治疗结束后两组的MOSPM和HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）;治疗第1,2,3,4周,研究组的MOSPM评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗第2,3,4周,研究组的HAMD评分低于对照组而显效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗第8周,两组患者的MOSPM和HAMD评分及显效率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗期间无严重不良反应发生。结论rTMS能有效治疗伴躯体疼痛的抑郁症,迅速缓解疼痛改善抑郁症状,早期疗效优于单一度洛西汀治疗,且安全性高。     

重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者磁共振波谱和疗效的影响

目的 探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗抑郁症患者的疗效及可能机制. 方法 选择自2012年8月至2014年7月在全军精神疾病防治研究所住院的抑郁症患者70例,所有患者均符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准.按照随机数字表法将患者随机分为研究组(n=36)和对照组(n=34),2组患者均接受盐酸文拉法辛缓释片(75 mg/片)治疗.研究组同时联合10Hz rTMS作用于左侧背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)治疗4周,对照组给予rTMS伪刺激.治疗前后采用多体素磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)检测患者前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr)含量.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)于治疗前、治疗4周评估临床症状和疗效. 结果 (1)研究组治疗前左侧前额叶、左侧丘脑NAA/Cr值分别为1.51±0.34、1.36±0.29,治疗后分别升高至1.71±0.42、1.54±0.34,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组双侧前额叶、双侧丘脑的NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)研究组、对照组治疗前HAMD评分分别为32.3±8.8、31.8±8.5,治疗后降低为12.3±4.7、15.2±5.0,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组治疗前后的HAMD评分差值大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)治疗后,研究组显效率为80.6％(29/36)、治愈率为27.8％(10/36),对照组显效率为50.0％(17/34)、治愈率为5.9％(2/34),2组间显效率和治愈率的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(4)研究组盐酸文拉法辛缓释片平均治疗剂量为(136.6±28.4)mg/d、最大剂量为(175.0±35.6)mg/d;对照组平均治疗剂量为(162.4±32.2)mg/d、最大剂量为(216.2±40.3)mg/d;组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 10 Hz rTMS联合盐酸文拉法辛缓释片可以调节抑郁症患者前额叶和丘脑的神经生化代谢,进而改善抑郁症状,降低抗抑郁药物使用剂量.     

Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: A review of the evidence

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel treatment in psychiatry. We reviewed all published evidence on the efficacy of this treatment option in depressive disorders. An extensive electronic and manual search for eligible research reports identified only 12 studies that met the predetermined criteria for inclusion. rTMS was administered differently in most studies, and patient characteristics varied widely. A formal meta-analysis of the studies was thus not possible. Instead, we conducted a qualitative evaluation of the included studies. The antidepressive efficacy was not consistent, and where efficacy was demonstrated, it was modest in most studies. Some patients had good but transient responses to rTMS. Treatment gains were not maintained beyond the treatment period. Comparisons with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) indicated the superiority of ECT. More, larger and more carefully designed studies are needed to demonstrate convincingly a clinically relevant effect of rTMS. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence for rTMS as a valid treatment for depression at present.     

重复经颅磁刺激对产后抑郁症患者的疗效

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对产后抑郁（PPD）患者的疗效。方法将49例PPD患者随机分为假刺激组25例和治疗组24例。两组患者均给予常规心理和抗抑郁药物治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用rTMS治疗,假刺激组采用同样刺激参数的假刺激线圈给予的rTMS治疗。于治疗前、治疗2,4周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版（HAMD-24）评估患者抑郁程度。结果与治疗前比较,假刺激组患者治疗2周后HAMD评分有下降趋势,但差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）;治疗4周后HAMD评分明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与治疗前比较,治疗组患者治疗2,4周后HAMD评分均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与假刺激组比较,治疗组患者治疗2周及4周后HAMD评分降低更为显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在常规心理和抗抑郁药物治疗基础上加用rTMS可更迅速、有效地缓解PPD患者症状。     

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in subjects with sleep disorders

In this review, we aimed at identifying the studies that have employed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with sleep disorders. Low-frequency (LF) rTMS stimulating the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was found to be effective to reduce cortical hyperexcitability and improve the sleep quality in subjects with chronic primary insomnia (PI). Both high-frequency (HF) and LF rTMS applied over the primary motor cortex or the supplementary motor cortex seem to have transient beneficial effects in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Stimulation of upper airway muscles during sleep by isolated TMS and by rTMS twitch can improve airflow dynamics in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients without arousal. A single case report study indicates that HF rTMS over the left DLPFC might represent an alternative choice for symptom control in narcoleptic patients with cataplexy, and a pilot study also raises the possibility of therapeutic benefits from rTMS in patients with sleep bruxism. rTMS may also exert intrinsic effects on hypersomnia in depressed adolescents.In conclusion, rTMS may contribute to the development of new non-pharmacological therapeutic options for several sleep disorders. rTMS might be useful as therapeutical tool in particular in patients with PI, RLS, OSAS and narcolepsy, while its effect in other sleep disorders (ie, parasomnias) has not yet been explored. rTMS integrated with clinical, sleep-related, and neuroimaging data may represent an effective tool in modulating cortical excitability and inducing short-term synaptic plasticity. Further studies with larger patient samples, repeated sessions, an optimized rTMS setup, and clinical follow-up warranted to verify the initial findings, and to expand clinical and research interest towards neuromodulation in the different sleep disorders.     

Left versus right repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating major depression: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Although the majority of randomised controlled trials suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD, major depression) and treatment-resistant depression can be effectively treated by applying either high- (HF) or low-frequency (LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), respectively, it is not clear which rTMS approach is more effective or safer. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on randomised controlled trials on HF and LF rTMS applied to the left and right DLPFC, respectively, for the treatment of MDD. Eight randomised controlled trials composed of 249 patients were selected to compare the effects of LF (≤1 Hz) rTMS over the right DLPFC to HF (10–20 Hz) rTMS over the left DLPFC. The therapeutic effects of both approaches were similar (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval = 0.65–2.03). Dropout analysis based on only two studies was insufficient to draw a conclusion on the tolerability of LF rTMS. The pooled examination demonstrated that both rTMS methods were equally effective therapies for MDD. However, considering that LF right-sided rTMS produces fewer side effects and is more protective against seizures, its clinical applicability shows greater promise and should be explored further.     

The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depressive symptoms and the P300 event-related potential

Changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the P₃₀₀ auditory event-related potential were assessed in 10 patients with depression before and after a treatment course of five daily sessions of 10?Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left prefrontal cortex. The patients were initially randomly allocated either to an active or a placebo rTMS treatment. All patients received both types of treatment separated by an interval of 4?weeks. The median Hamilton score decreased by 7 points following active rTMS and by 1?point after sham (p=0.075). Active rTMS was associated with a significant increase in the P₃₀₀ amplitude compared with sham (p=0.02). There was no correlation between changes in P₃₀₀ measurements and the Hamilton scores after active treatment. We conclude that five daily sessions of left prefrontal rTMS treatment is not of sufficient duration to make a significant improvement in depressive symptoms.     

低频重复经颅磁刺激对酒依赖患者急性戒断后焦虑、抑郁和复饮的效果

目的探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对酒依赖急性戒断后焦虑、抑郁和复饮的疗效,为改善酒依赖患者预后提供参考。方法选取在绵阳市第三人民医院住院的、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)酒精依赖诊断标准的急性戒断后的102例患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为研究组(n=50)和对照组(n=52)。两组患者均接受常规治疗,研究组加用rTMS,对照组应用伪刺激,治疗共8周。于治疗前和治疗第2、4、8周末进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)评定,在患者出院后3、6月末评定其复饮情况。结果治疗第2、4、8周末,研究组HAMA和HAMD-17评分均低于治疗前(P均0. 01),且研究组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 01);在患者出院后3、6月末,研究组复饮率均低于对照组(P均0. 05)。结论低频rTMS可能有助于改善酒依赖患者急性戒断后的焦虑、抑郁情绪和复饮情况。