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1.
目的:了解甘肃农村留守儿童心理健康状况及特点,为采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取甘肃省内乡镇学校786名学生,开展心理健康诊断调查。结果留守儿童在学习焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向、恐怖倾向、总焦虑倾向方面的评分均高于非留守儿童,且差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),留守女生在学习焦虑、身体症状、恐怖倾向和总焦虑倾向等方面的评分高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);高年级学生在学习焦虑、过敏倾向、自责倾向、总焦虑倾向等方面评分高于低年级学生(P <0.05),在孤独倾向、恐怖倾向低于一年级学生(P <0.05);在留守儿童中,单亲看护儿童的心理健康状况好于其他留守类型儿童,无看护的留守儿童心理健康状况最差;监护人的文化程度越高,心理健康状况越好。结论留守儿童总体心理健康水平低于非留守儿童。留守女生、父母均外出、留守时间长、与父母联系次数少、无人看护或祖辈看护、监护人学历低等是影响留守儿童心理健康的主要因素,此外,留守女童心理健康更容易受到这些因素的影响。  相似文献   

2.
《上海精神医学》2005,17(2):98-98
近二、三十年来,精神医学有了长足的进展,而作为精神医学主要组成部分的儿童精神医学则进展更快。主要表现在以下几个方面:首先,关注儿童心理健康的人在增多,他们包括儿童的家长、老师、儿保医生、卫生老师、社区工作者和儿童心理卫生专业工作者。关注的焦点已经从身体发育、身体健康转移到心理卫生、身心健康和生活质量,心理卫生已经变成衡量一个儿童是否健康的重要标准。其次,从对儿童心理卫生问题调查结果可以看出,儿童的心理卫生问题(心理障碍)已经成为阻碍儿童成长的主要原因之一。联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)的报告显示,世界范围内儿童心理障碍的发生率达20%,其中美国2.5%的儿童和8.3%青少年患有抑郁症,而且患病年龄比20年前有提早的趋势;13%的儿童和青少年患有焦虑障碍(NIMH)。世界卫生组织(WHO)的研究报告显示,仅就全球疾病负担而言,精神疾病负担已经超过疾病总负担的15%,抑郁症在世界范围内是5岁及其以上年龄人群致残率的主要原因,以残疾调整生命年为指标,抑郁症在疾病负担上仅次于心血管疾病而位居第二。  相似文献   

3.
目的:调查进城务工人员初中阶段的随迁子女即流动儿童的心理健康现状。方法:收集无锡市区一公办初中1~3年级中566名流动儿童(流动儿童组)与458名同年级城市户籍初中生(对照组)的一般人口学及家庭情况资料,采用中学生心理健康评定量表(MSSMHS)对入组者进行心理健康状况调查;以MSSMHS的总均分或各因子分≥2.00为心理健康问题分界值,对结果进行分析。结果:流动儿童组MSSMHS总均分及其中强迫、偏执、人际关系紧张与敏感、抑郁、焦虑、适应不良、心理不平衡因子分显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);心理健康问题检出率(39.57%)显著高于对照组(33.62%)(χ~2=6.42,P0.05)。流动儿童组中,女生MSSMHS中的敌对、抑郁、焦虑因子分显著高于男生(P均0.05);年级间MSSMHS总均分及学习压力、适应不良、情绪不平衡因子分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);均为低年级评分明显低于高年级。结论:流动儿童心理健康水平低于非流动儿童,并随年级升高而下降;其中女生的心理健康问题更明显。  相似文献   

4.
目的:了解昆明市小学生的心理健康状况及特征,并对外来儿童、留守儿童等特殊群体的心理健康状况进行分析,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法:运用Rutter儿童行为量表(教师用)对昆明市2所小学的380名儿童进行调查,分析留守儿童、外来儿童的心理健康状况,并与其他儿童及昆明市儿童常模进行比较。结果:2所小学儿童行为问题检出率为18.5%,不同性别儿童检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.903,P0.05);不同年级检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.273,P0.05);外来儿童、留守儿童总体检出率明显高于普通家庭儿童,在检出有行为问题的儿童中,外来儿童以神经质行为为主,留守儿童以反社会行为为主。结论:昆明市外来儿童、留守儿童心理健康状况不容乐观,应该引起重视。  相似文献   

5.
外出务工者的留乡儿童心理健康状况的调查与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
农村外出务工者留在家乡的儿童心理健康问题目前已引起社会各界的高度重视。为了了解这一部分儿童的心理健康状况,作者特进行了这次调查,现将调查结果报道如下:  相似文献   

6.
目的观察心理辅导对留守儿童心理健康的影响。方法根据年龄和性别进行分层抽样,在衡阳市两所小学选取172名留守儿童,85名留守儿童作为干预组,87名留守儿童作为对照组。在干预前后使用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)对两组进行心理健康水平测评;对干预组进行为期三个月、每周一次的心理辅导;对照组不进行任何干预。结果四年级干预组在干预后MHT中的学习焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向、总焦虑7个因子显著低于干预前(P0.05)。五年级干预组除四年级的7个因子外,对人焦虑因子也显著低于干预前(P0.05);而对照组四年级和五年级在研究后的MHT量表中除总焦虑因子显著低于研究前外,其余各因子均无统计学差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,四年级干预后的自责倾向评分明显降低。结论心理辅导有助于促进留守儿童的心理健康。  相似文献   

7.
近年来特殊儿童的心理健康问题越来越受到社会各界的重视,听觉障碍儿童的人格特质研究更是特殊教育研究的热点问题。本文在对聋哑儿童人格特质的相关概念进行界定的基础上,概述了国内外的研究现状和相关研究领域,在肯定了聋哑教育界的工作者们对于聋哑儿童心理健康问题所做的贡献后,分析总结出其不足之处,希望能为今后的教育研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

8.
黄颐 《四川精神卫生》2015,28(5):385-386
<正>随着经济社会的发展,我国精神病学有了长足进步,从事相关科学研究的学者越来越多,获得了丰硕的研究成果。作为精神病学重要分支的儿童精神病学近年来也有了显著发展。有关儿童心理卫生的研究主要围绕三大主题:一是儿童心理健康现况研究;二是儿童心理健康的影响因素及干预措施;三是针对特定疾病的研究。本文旨在对我国儿童心理研究现状做回顾和梳理,探讨存在的问题,为今后的研究提供参考。1我国儿童心理研究现状  相似文献   

9.
社区老年人焦虑、抑郁状况的调查   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
目的了解社区老人的焦虑、抑郁发生率及其相关因素。方法自制一般情况调查表.采用SAS、SDS、SCL-90、MMSE量表对社区504名老人进行调查研究。结果58名老人(11.51%)有焦虑症状;30名(6%)有抑郁症状;影响老年人心理健康主要因素有年龄、躯体健康、家庭关系、社交活动。结论社区老年人群中焦虑抑郁问题突出.并受多种因素影响,应重视心理健康指导。  相似文献   

10.
中学生心理卫生状况调查及相关因素分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
目的:研究中学生心理健康水平及影响因素。方法:以群体分层抽样法,共抽取受试样本2066例。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、青少年心理卫生调查表(自编),对宝鸡市12所中学初一至高三的六个年级的中学生进行问卷调查。结果:表明约9%的中学生有心理健康问题。中学生心理健康问题依次为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执、抑郁、焦虑等。偏相关分析发现中学生心理健康水平与神经质、精神质、年级、学习任务、性别等呈正相关。结论:中学生心理健康值得高度重视;神经质与精神质的个性倾向、年级、学习任务等是影响中学生心理健康的重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
Indicated prevention of mental illness is an important public health concern among youth. The aim of this study was to establish a European school-based professional screening among adolescents, which included variables on both a broad range of risk-behaviours and psychopathology; and to investigate the indicative value of adolescent risk-behaviour and self-reported psychopathology on help-seeking and psychological problems that required subsequent mental healthcare. A two-stage professional screening approach was developed and performed within the multi-centre study “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE). The first stage of screening comprised a self-report questionnaire on a representative sample of 3,070 adolescents from 11 European countries. In the second stage, students deemed at-risk for mental health problems were evaluated using a semi-structured clinical interview performed by healthcare professionals. 61 % of participants (n = 1,865) were identified as being at-risk in stage one. In stage two, 384 participants (12.5 % of the original sample) were found to require subsequent mental healthcare during semi-structured, clinical assessment. Among those, 18.5 % of pupils were identified due to screening for psychopathology alone; 29.4 % due to screening for risk-behaviours alone; and 52.1 % by a combination of both. Young age and peer victimization increased help-seeking, while very low body mass index, depression, suicidal behaviour and substance abuse were the best predictors of referral to mental healthcare. Screening of risk-behaviours significantly increased the number of detected students requiring subsequent mental healthcare. Screening of risk-behaviours added significant value in identifying the significant amount of European pupils with mental health problems. Therefore, attention to adolescent risk-behaviours in addition to psychopathology is critical in facilitating prevention and early intervention. Identifying factors that increase compliance to clinical interviews are crucial in improving screening procedures.  相似文献   

12.
重点中学学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的研究重点中学在校学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法对某市4所重点中学的1937名在校初中、高中生,应用中学生心理健康调查表、父母养育方式量表进行调查。结果41.71%的学生存在程度不同的心理健康问题,主要表现为:学习压力、情绪不平衡、适应不良、强迫症状。心理健康问题与母亲拒绝否认、同伴关系、母亲过分干涉、过度保护等诸多因素有关。结论重点中学学生心理健康问题发生率较高,应引起教育界和社会的关注。  相似文献   

13.
14.
The death of a parent or sibling (family bereavement) is associated with mental health problems in approximately, 25 % of the affected children. However, it is still unknown whether mental health problems of family-bereaved adolescents are predicted by pre-existing mental health problems, pre-loss family functioning, or multiple bereavements. In this study, a prospective longitudinal assessment of change in mental health following bereavement was done in a large representative sample from the ‘Tracking Adolescents Individual Lives Survey’ (TRAILS). This is a four-wave prospective cohort study of Dutch adolescents (n = 2230) of whom 131 (5.9 %) had experienced family bereavement at the last wave (T4). Family-bereaved adolescents reported more internalizing problems, within 2 years after family bereavement, compared to the non-bereaved peers, while taking into account the level of internalizing problems before the bereavement. A clinically relevant finding was that 22 % new cases were found in family-bereaved, in comparison to 5.5 % new cases in non-bereaved. Low SES predicted more internalizing problems in family-bereaved but not in non-bereaved adolescents. Family functioning, reported by the adolescent, did not predict mental health problems within 2 years. Multiple family bereavements predicted fewer externalizing problems. In conclusion, internalizing problems increase in adolescents after family bereavement in comparison to non-bereaved and these can be predicted by pre-loss factors. Awareness among professionals regarding the risks for aggravation of mental health problems after family loss is needed.  相似文献   

15.
ObjectiveRecent studies suggest mental health in youths is deteriorating. The current policy in the United Kingdom emphasizes the role of schools for mental health promotion and prevention, but little data exist on what aspects of schools influence mental health in pupils. This study explored school-level influences on the mental health of young people in a large school-based sample from the United Kingdom.MethodBaseline data from a large cluster randomized controlled trial collected between 2016 and 2018 from mainstream secondary schools selected to be representative in relation to their quality rating, size, deprivation, mixed or single-sex pupil population, and country were analyzed. Participants were pupils in their first or second year of secondary school. The study assessed whether school-level factors were associated with pupil mental health.ResultsThe study included 26,885 pupils (response rate = 90%; age range, 11‒14 years; 55% female) attending 85 schools in the United Kingdom. Schools accounted for 2.4% (95% CI: 2.0%‒2.8%; p < .0001) of the variation in psychopathology, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.2%‒2.1%; p < .0001) of depression, and 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0%‒1.7%; p < .0001) of well-being. Schools in urban locations, with a higher percentage of free school meals and of White British, were associated with poorer pupil mental health. A more positive school climate was associated with better mental health.ConclusionSchool-level variables, primarily related to contextual factors, characteristics of pupil population, and school climate, explain a small but significant amount of variability in mental health of young people. This information might be used to identify schools that are in need of more resources to support mental health of young people.Clinical trial registration informationMYRIAD: My Resilience in Adolescence, a Study Examining the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Mindfulness Training Programme in Schools Compared With Normal School Provision; https://www.isrctn.com/; 86619085.  相似文献   

16.
Whether parental mental health problems facilitate or hinder the use of mental health care of the parents´ children is still unclear. The present cross sectional study examined mental health care use and potential predictors in a population based sample. Children of parents with mental health problems (CPM) were nearly 5 times more likely to use mental health care compared to children of parents without mental health problems. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important predictors of mental health care use for CPM were active family life (OR?=?2.67) and children´s own mental health problems (OR?=?1.18 self-report, 1.17 parent-report). Additionally, parental strain showed a tendency to predict mental health care use (OR?=?2.45). This study demonstrates that parental mental health problems are associated with mental health care use in their children and that improving certain family factors may support children´s mental health care use.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Background The fall of communism and subsequent economic crises have been followed by major social and health problems. High rates of child mental health problems are frequently cited by the Russian media, though there is little relevant evidence. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of child mental health problems in Russia using internationally recognised measures and diagnostic systems. Method A two-stage, two-phase cross-sectional survey of the mental health of 7- to 14-year-olds involved random sampling of schools, followed by random sampling of pupils from school lists. A sample of 448 children was obtained, representing an 83% participation rate. In the first phase, screening measures of psychopathology and risk were administered to parents, teachers and 11- to 14-year-olds. In the second phase, more detailed psychiatric assessments were carried out for subgroups of screen-positive and screen-negative children (N=172). Results The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was about 70% higher than that recently found in Britain with comparable measures, but there were few differences between Britain and Russia in type of disorder or key risk factors. Conclusion There is a pressing need for evidence-based mental health treatments to be made widely available to Russian children and adolescents.  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: The need for mental health and substance abuse services is great among those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little information is available on services used by this population or on individual factors associated with access to care. METHODS: Data are from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a national probability survey of 2864 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States in 1996. We estimated 6-month use of services for mental health and substance abuse problems and examined socioeconomic, HIV illness, and regional factors associated with use. RESULTS: We estimated that 61.4% of 231 400 adults under care for HIV used mental health or substance abuse services: 1.8% had hospitalizations, 3.4% received residential substance abuse treatment, 26.0% made individual mental health specialty visits, 15.2% had group mental health treatment, 40.3% discussed emotional problems with medical providers, 29.6% took psychotherapeutic medications, 5.6% received outpatient substance abuse treatment, and 12.4% participated in substance abuse self-help groups. Socioeconomic factors commonly associated with poorer access to health services predicted lower likelihood of using mental health outpatient care, but greater likelihood of receiving substance abuse treatment services. Those with less severe HIV illness were less likely to access services. Persons living in the Northeast were more likely to receive services. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of mental health and substance abuse care provided to those with known HIV infection is substantial, and challenges to providers should be recognized. Inequalities in access to care are evident, but differ among general medical, specialty mental health, and substance abuse treatment sectors.  相似文献   

19.
Children of parents with mental health problems (CPM) have an increased risk for behavioral and psychological problems. This study investigated the age- and gender-specific course as well as predictors of mental health problems in CPM using the longitudinal data (baseline 1- and 2-year follow-ups) of a German general population sample from the BELLA study. Children and adolescents aged 11–17 years (at baseline) who had a parent with mental health problems (n = 325) were analyzed. The mental health problems of the children were assessed by the self-reported version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). We used individual growth modeling to investigate the age- and gender-specific course, and the effects of risk as well as personal, familial and social protective factors on self-reported mental health problems in CPM. Additionally, data were examined differentiating internalizing and externalizing mental health problems in CPM. Results indicated that female compared to male CPM showed increasing mental health problems with increasing age. Mental health problems in CPM were associated with lower self-efficacy, worse family climate and less social competence over time. Internalizing problems were associated with lower self-efficacy, less social competence and more severe parental mental health problems. Externalizing problems were associated with lower self-efficacy, worse family climate and lower social competence. The main limitations of the study are the short time period (2 years) covered and the report of mental health problems by only one parent. Our findings should be considered in the development of treatment and prevention programs for mental health problems in CPM.  相似文献   

20.
The objective is to study the influence of polygamous versus monogamous marriage on the mental health of adolescents in an Israeli Bedouin population. Pupils aged 11–18 years attending schools in Bedouin Arab communities in southern Israel were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and a panel of psychological instruments measuring competence and behavioral problems, anxiety and depression. Findings were compared between pupils of families with one wife and pupils of families with more than one wife. The population comprised 406 pupils of mean age 14.5 years; 56% were female. Fifty-three percent were from polygamous marriages and 47% from monogamous marriages. After allowing for the influence of socioeconomic factors, there were no differences between offspring of polygamous marriages and those of monogamous marriages for any of the psychological scales. When polygamy is the accepted practice in a particular social milieu, it does not have a deleterious psychological effect on adolescents.  相似文献   

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