首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
高血压脑出血外科治疗对照研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的对比高血压脑出血(HICH)的大骨瓣开颅(COC)、CT引导血肿微创穿刺引流(CTGA)和微骨窗入路(KHA)三种手术方法,分析手术疗效。方法手术治疗493例出血性脑卒中病例,完成3个月随访,采用对照研究方法比较不同手术方式疗效。结果493例中大骨瓣组128例,微骨窗组82例,微创穿刺引流组283例。1个月累计病死率19.3%,3个月累计病死率21.1%。术前Glasgow昏迷评分(GCS)≤8分的病人,术后3个月病死率是GCS/〉8分的3.5倍。结论微骨窗入路及CT引导微创穿刺引流术组治疗高血压脑出血的手术病死率与致残率优于大骨瓣开颅组。  相似文献   

2.
基底节区脑内血肿的手术方法选择及其对预后的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的比较三种外科手术方法治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的效果。方法选择GCS在4-12分,血肿量在60ml以上,原发出血部位均在基底节区的高血压脑出血病人87例,采取骨瓣开颅、小骨窗开颅、微创穿刺抽吸引流三种手术方法。结果骨瓣开颅组的死亡率最低,小骨窗开颅和微创穿刺抽吸引流两组的死亡率无显著差异。结论骨瓣开颅是改善高血压基底节区脑出血患者预后有效的手术方法。  相似文献   

3.
高血压性Ⅲ级脑出血早期外科手术方法探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的比较大骨瓣开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣喊压和小骨窗开颅血肿清除两种术式早期治疗高血压性Ⅲ级脑出血的疗效。方法同期收住的121例高血压性Ⅲ级脑出血患者,78例行小骨窗开颅血肿清除(小骨窗组),43例行大骨瓣开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压(大骨瓣组),术后1个月和6个月分别行临床随访,综合比较其临床疗效、血肿清除率以及手术并发症。结果大骨瓣组在血肿清除程度、术后并发症发生率(除外消化道出血)、死亡率和1个月及6个月随访疗效等方面两组并无显著性差异.但在术后消化道出血发生率中却明显高于小骨窗组(P〈0.05),同时在手术时间和输血量等方面小骨窗组明显少于大骨瓣组(P〈0.01)。结论在高血压性Ⅲ级脑出血病人的早期手术治疗中,小骨窗开颅血肿清除术可作为首先考虑的手术方式。  相似文献   

4.
目的分析两种手术策略(小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压术)治疗丘脑基底节区高血压脑出血的效果,并探讨预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析经显微外科手术治疗的132例丘脑基底节区高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,统计患者的年龄、血肿量、中线移位程度、手术时机、手术方式、术前GCS评分,及术后24小时GCS评分,并对存活患者术后3个月的日常生活能力进行了随访,采用Logistic多元回归分析影响预后的相关因素。结果统计分析显示血肿量、血肿破入脑室、中线移位大于10mm、术前GCS评分和手术时机5个变量均与预后相关,而与年龄、术后24 h的GCS评分以及手术方式无显著关系。结论小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压术均是治疗丘脑基底节区高血压脑出血的有效方法,患者预后与血肿量、血肿是否破入脑室、中线移位程度、术前GCS评分和手术时机密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨立体定向穿刺引流和小骨窗开颅血肿清除两种手术方法治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2014年1月至2016年1月收治的47例高血压基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料,随机分为立体定向穿刺引流组和小骨窗开颅组,通过两组患者术后神经功能缺损评分及并发症比较,评定疗效。结果立体定向引流组患者术后神经功能缺损评分及并发症发生率均低于小骨窗开颅组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论立体定向穿刺引流治疗高血压基底节区脑出血创伤小、疗效确切、并发症少,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

6.
目的 比较三种微创手术方式治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效及预后情况.方法 选择GCS在6~12分,原发出血部位均为基底节的高血压脑出血患者78例,分为三组,分别采取神经内镜下血肿清除(神经内镜组)、小骨窗开颅显微手术(小骨窗开颅组)、立体定向血肿碎吸术(立体定向组)三种手术方式;比较三组手术时间和术中失血量;术后2 d内复查CT,计算残余血肿量和血肿清除率;术后6个月按GOS预后评分评估治疗效果.结果 手术时间以小骨窗开颅组最长,达(175.7±55.7)min(P<0.05);术中失血量以小骨窗开颅组较其他两组显著增多(P<0.05),达(296.5±158.6)mL;血肿清除率以神经内镜组最高,达84.5%±8.2%(P<0.05);GOS预后比较中神经内镜组的疗效显著高于立体定向组和小骨窗开颅组(P<0.05).结论 神经内镜辅助下血肿清除术既有创伤小,又有血肿清除彻底、止血可靠的优点,疗效确切,对不需行去大骨瓣减压的脑出血患者是一种较理想的微创手术方式.  相似文献   

7.
目的观察高血压脑出血病人外科手术治疗的效果。方法56例高血压脑出血病人根据入院时的临床表现、血肿的部位和出血量综合判断,超早期或早期采用4种不同的手术方式进行治疗。结果立体定向穿刺抽吸+置管尿激酶溶解术治疗29例,痊愈16例,致残10例,死亡3例;小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗9例均痊愈;大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术治疗10例,痊愈3例,致残4例,死亡3例;脑室外引流治疗8例,痊愈3例,致残3例,死亡2例。结论对高血压脑出血病人采用外科手术治疗能提高患者的生存率和生存质量、降低死亡率和致残率。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨高血压脑出血外科治疗选择最佳手术方式,提高生存率,减少致残率。方法回顾分析137例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料采用普通骨瓣开颅显微镜下血肿清除去骨瓣减压术,小骨窗开颅显微镜下血肿清除术,微创穿刺置软管血肿引流术,血肿破入脑室者配合脑室外引流等术式,探讨不同手术方式适应证。结果 90 d后骨瓣开颅组34例ADLⅠ-Ⅲ级20例,优良率58.8%;小骨窗开颅组49例,ADLⅠ-Ⅲ级39例,优良率79.6%;微创穿刺组54例ADLⅠ-Ⅲ级45例,优良率83.3%。结论不同手术方式有不同适应证,术前根据不同病情,多参数评估高血压脑出血,选择最合适的手术方式,术前多参数评估高血压脑出血,选择最合适的个性化的不同手术方式,利用显微和微创神经外科技术治疗高血压脑出血,可以提高患者生存率,减少致残率,提高疗效,改善预后。  相似文献   

9.
外科治疗幕上高血压脑出血手术方式的选择   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
目的探讨幕上高血压脑出血在临床上外科治疗的最佳手术方式(传统开颅和钻孔引流),以最大限度的改善预后。方法以术后6个月死亡率和致残率作为评定指标,对30例传统开顿和76例钻孔引流病例按GCS评分高低和血肿量大小进行分类对比研究。结果血肿量8l~110ml组中传统开颅组死亡率(14.3%,1/7)较钻孔引流组(83.3%,5/6)显著降低(P〈0.05);GCS评分11-14分组中钻孔引流组伤残与自理人数比例(5:20)较传统开颅组(5:3)明显降低(P〈0.05)。结论GCS评分较高(11~14分)的病人应用钻孔引流可降低远期致残率;巨大血肿(〉80ml)的病人采用传统开颅能明显降低死亡率。  相似文献   

10.
小骨窗与常规骨瓣开颅治疗高血压脑出血效果分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 比较小骨窗与常规颞顶瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的效果.方法 符合标准的高血压脑出血病人113例,分为2组,其中小骨窗组57例,常规骨瓣组56例.所有病人均经CT扫描为幕上出血.小骨窗治疗组根据血肿部位采用小骨窗开颅术(3 cm×3 cm).常规骨瓣组根据血肿部位采用颞顶瓣或额颞瓣开颅减压方法( 6 cm×8 cm).结果 小骨窗开颅治疗组病人恢复良好率明显高于常规骨瓣组,长期昏迷和中残率低于常规骨瓣组(P<0.05),小骨窗治疗组患者术后脑水肿和切口脑脊液漏发生率均低于常规骨瓣组(P<0.05).结论 小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血病人的疗效明显好于常规颞顶瓣开颅术.  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

17.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

18.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

20.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号