经颅超声溶栓对急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力的改善情况

目的分析经颅超声溶栓对急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损和日常生活活动能力的积极影响。方法选择我院收治的110例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为A组30例、B组45例、C组35例,A组给予尿激酶溶栓治疗,100万U尿激酶+100mL生理盐水静滴;B组给予经颅超声溶栓治疗仪治疗(频率为800kHz、1.25 W/cm2、脉冲超声,20min/次,1次/d,连续治疗10d);C组给予联合溶栓治疗。通过NIHSS(神经功能缺损评分)及BI(Barthel指数,日常生活活动能力评分)观察比较3组治疗前后神经功能缺损改善指标、日常生活能力指标等。结果治疗后C组NIHSS评分明显低于A组、B组,B组NIHSS评分明显低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后C组BI评分明显高于A组、B组,B组BI评分均明显高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经颅超声溶栓对急性脑梗死患者具有极高的应用价值,溶栓效果较高,能加速神经功能恢复,改善患者日常生活活动能力,是一种操作简单、安全有效的溶栓治疗方法。     

丁苯酞注射液联合抗血小板药物治疗对轻型卒中的临床疗效及卒中复发风险影响的探究

目的探究丁苯酞注射液联合抗血小板药物治疗对轻型卒中的临床疗效及卒中复发风险影响。方法回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院卒中中心2019年1月至7月收治的轻型卒中患者95例,其中联合治疗组(丁苯酞+抗血小板治疗组) 45例,对照组(抗血小板治疗组) 50例。分析两组患者治疗后14 d、1 m、3 m、6m的mRS评分,NIHSS评分和BI。并统计治疗后1 m、3 m、6 m卒中复发情况。将可能影响轻型卒中复发的因素进行多因素分析。结果①治疗前两组患者基本资料无统计学差异(P 0.05),具有可比性。②两组治疗后14 d、1m、3 m、6 m mRS评分,NIHSS评分和BI与治疗前相比均有显著差异(P 0.01)。③联合治疗组1 m、3 m、6 m mRS评分显著低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.033、0.031、0.013)。④联合治疗组3 m、6 m卒中复发人数显著低于对照组(P值分别为0.033、0.039)。⑤多因素回归分析结果显示:丁苯酞治疗是轻型卒中3 m(OR=0.060,95%CI 0.005～0.778,P=0.031)和6 m卒中复发的独立保护性因素(OR=0.163,95%CI 0.028～0.968,P=0.046)。结论丁苯酞注射液联合抗血小板药物治疗可以显著改善轻型卒中患者的神经功能,并降低卒中复发。     

小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞临床分析

目的探讨小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞的安全性及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008-01—2013-12超早期心源性脑栓塞患者47例,其中接受小剂量rt-PA静滴溶栓治疗24例为溶栓组,接受常规二级预防23例为对照组。比较2组治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及改良Rankin评分(mRS)。结果2组治疗前基本临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);溶栓组NIHSS评分明显下降,BI、mRS上升,2组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中1例出现无症状性脑出血。对照组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞是安全的,近期疗效显著。     

不同时间窗rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨不同时间窗rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月~2017年8月我院收治的70例椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死患者为研究对象,所有患者均经多模式MRI证实且行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,根据患者溶栓治疗时间窗不同,将其分为4.5 h组(35例)和4.5~9 h组(35例),比较两组神经功能缺损量表(national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)评分及改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评分,观察两组脑出血发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,4.5 h组和4.5~9 h组患者溶栓后24 h、14 d、30 d及90 d的NIHSS评分显著降低(P0.05),BI评分显著升高(P0.05),而两组患者在rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后的NIHSS评分及BI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组rtPA静脉溶栓后90 d的mRS评分及预后良好率比较均无明显差异(P0.05)。3 m随访期内,4.5 h组脑出血发生率为5.71%,4.5~9 h组脑出血发生率为8.57%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 I扩大时间窗至9 h对椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗安全有效,因此,对于治疗时间窗为4.5 h~9 h的椎-基底动脉系统脑梗死也可行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗。     

三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓疗效及出血性转化的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓疗效和出血性转化的影响。方法共200例急性(发病至入院时间4.50 h)缺血性卒中患者采用随机数字表法随机分为常规rt-PA静脉溶栓组(对照组,100例)和rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗组(治疗组,100例),分别于治疗前、静脉溶栓后24 h和14 d检测缺血-再灌注损伤指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]、出血性转化指标[基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)]和神经功能指标[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)],观察静脉溶栓后14 d药物不良反应和出血性转化发生率,评价静脉溶栓后12个月预后(病死率和BI评分)。结果治疗组患者血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)高于,血清MDA(P=0.001)和MMP-9(P=0.001)、血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.006)低于对照组。rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗后24 h,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)、BI评分(P=0.000)升高,NIHSS评分降低(P=0.000);治疗后14 d,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)反而降低,血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)持续升高,血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.000)持续降低。静脉溶栓后14 d,治疗组患者出血性转化发生率低于对照组[9例(9%)对19例(19%);χ2=4.153,P=0.042)],药物不良反应发生率组间差异无统计学意义[14例(14%)对11例(11%);χ2=0.411,P=0.521]。静脉溶栓后12个月,两组病死率差异无统计学意义[5例(5%)对1例(1%);χ2=1.546,P=0.241],而治疗组生存患者BI评分高于对照组(88.51±11.49对84.47±9.83;t=2.451,P=0.015)。结论三七总皂苷可以减轻急性缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后缺血-再灌注损伤,降低出血性转化发生率,改善患者预后,且安全性良好。     

静脉溶栓治疗NIHSS评分>25分严重缺血性卒中的疗效和安全性

目的观察静脉用rt-PA溶栓对NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析时间窗内的NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性脑卒中患者65例,其中接受静脉溶栓组(溶栓组)30例和未进行溶栓(未溶栓组)35例。比较2组治疗前后(24h、7d、14d)的NIHSS评分、治疗后mRS评分(30d)、颅内出血率及病死率。结果溶栓组治疗后24h、7d、14d的NIHSS评分较治疗前及未溶栓组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中,在时间窗内溶栓可以有效改善患者的神经功能缺损和预后,不会过度增加颅内出血风险。     

动静脉联合血管再通治疗急性脑卒中的疗效和安全性分析

目的观察在急性缺血性脑卒中患者中应用动静脉联合血管再通治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对2011年11月至2014年12月收治的急性缺血性脑卒中[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分≥10分]83例患者进行回顾性分析。将单纯静脉溶栓治疗的62例患者归为溶栓组;将静脉溶栓后无好转再行动脉内支架取栓治疗的21例患者归为取栓组。对两组进行疗效和安全性比较:1治疗7 d时比较两组NIHSS及改良Rankin(m RS)评分;2比较治疗后24 h的出血转化率和治疗后7 d的病死率。结果溶栓组和取栓组基线特征除高血压病史外余均差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。两组疗效比较,治疗后7 d,NIHSS评分和m RS评分均差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。两组安全性比较,治疗后24 h头颅CT显示出血转化率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),两组治疗后7 d的病死率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论动脉取栓治疗的安全性与静脉溶栓治疗比较差异无显著性,且疗效未见比静脉溶栓治疗更好,可能与取栓治疗时间存在延误有关。     

超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞的疗效观察

目的 观察超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞的疗效.方法 对43例超早期急性脑栓塞患者(病程＜3 h)给予尿激酶70万～150万U加入生理盐水100 ml静脉滴注溶栓治疗;在治疗前、后进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及改良Rankin评分(mRS)评定;观察出血发生率.结果 溶栓治疗后,NIHSS评分明显下降,BI、mRS上升(均P＜0.05),总有效率为58.5%(25/43).预后良好率为67.4%(29/43).梗死灶内出血10例(23.3%),脑出血为1例(2.3%),无1例死于脑出血.结论 超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞有显著效果,并且比较安全.     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨分析影响阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后的相关因素。方法选取发病0~4.5 h急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组,记录患者的一般人口学资料及基本资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,溶栓组记录发病至溶栓时间及溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分下降。结局指标采用90 d改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH)及患者死亡率,应用Logistic回归模型分析卒中患者90 d不良结局的相关因素。结果急性后循环缺血性卒中患者共116例,其中成功给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者84例,非静脉溶栓32例。静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好53例(63.1%),预后不良31例(36.9%),其中发生出血转化6例(7.1%),症状性颅内出血3例(3.5%),死亡3例(3.5%)。非静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好12例(37.5%),预后不良20例(62.5%),其中发生出血转化5例(15.6%),症状性颅内出血3例(9.3%),死亡3例(9.3%)。静脉溶栓组经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、发病至溶栓时间、基线NIHSS评分、高血压与90 d不良预后相关(P0.05)。静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组相比,静脉溶栓组有更好的临床预后及更低的死亡率,两组在症状性颅内出血发病率方面并无明显差异。结论对于急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,尽早实施静脉溶栓对改善近期预后有一定临床意义。     

微创方案治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死临床研究

目的探讨静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓及机械取栓方案对急性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者近远期疗效及安全性的影响。方法选取焦作煤业集团中央医院2016-01-2018-01收治急性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者共135例,以随机数字表法分为A组(45例)、B组(45例)及C组(45例),分别采用静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓及机械取栓方案治疗,比较3组血管再通率、NIHSS评分改善良好率、随访预后改善率、随访病死率及颅内症状性出血发生率。结果 C组血管再通率和NIHSS评分改善良好率均显著高于A组、B组(P0.05);B组血管再通率和NIHSS评分改善良好率均显著高于A组(P0.05);C组随访预后改善率显著高于A组、B组(P0.05);3组随访病死率比较差异无显著性(P0.05);同时C组术后颅内症状性出血发生率显著低于A组、B组(P0.05)。结论机械取栓方案治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死在近远期疗效和安全性方面均显著优于静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓,更具临床应用价值。     

Satisfaction with quality of life varies with temperament types of patients with schizophrenia

We sought to explore the relationships of three temperament factors with domain-specific subjective quality of life (QOL) of patients with schizophrenia. Ninety patients with schizophrenia were evaluated using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale, the Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms, the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire, the Insight Self-Report Scale, and standardized questionnaires for self-reported emotional distress and stress process-related variables. Predictors of domain-specific QOL were identified using multiple regression techniques. Temperament factors explain 6% to 16% of variability in QOL domain scores among patients with schizophrenia after controlling for the remaining variables (emotional distress, social support, self-esteem, avoidance coping, age, side effects, and depression). We found that higher levels of novelty seeking are associated with better general QOL, physical health, and more positive subjective feelings, whereas higher levels of reward dependence are related to better satisfaction from social relationships. Higher levels of harm avoidance are associated with poorer satisfaction with general activities, and medication. Thus, temperament factors, as assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, substantially influence satisfaction with life quality in schizophrenia. Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance are associated with different domains of QOL.     

Compliance with health regimens of adolescents with epilepsy

The purpose of this paper was to describe the compliance of adolescents with epilepsy and some factors connected to it. Altogether 300 individuals with epilepsy aged 13-17 years were randomly selected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's register. Every fifth person on the list was included in the sample. Seventy-seven per cent (n= 232) of the selected adolescents with epilepsy returned a questionnaire sent to them relating to compliance. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. Twenty-two per cent of the adolescents with epilepsy felt that they complied fully with their suggested health regimens, while 44% placed themselves in the category of "satisfactory compliance", and the remaining 34% reported poor compliance. Compliance with their recommended life-style was poorest, while the highest degree of compliance was recorded for medication. Background variables, such as the duration of the disease, exercise, smoking, alcohol-intake and the number of seizures, were statistically significantly related to compliance (P< 0.001). Good motivation, a strong sense of normality, experience of results, subjective outcome, energy and will-power, support from parents, physicians and nurses, and a positive attitude towards to the disease and its treatment, no threat to social and emotional well-being and no fears of complications and no fear of seizures explained good compliance (P< 0.001).     

Treatment of patients with tardive dystonia with olanzapine

Tardive dystonia represents a complication of long-term use of neuroleptics and its treatment is often unsatisfactory. Atypical neuroleptics appear to improve tardive dystonia, and cases of tardive dystonia successfully managed with clozapine have been reported. The aim of this open-label video-blinded study was to evaluate the antidystonic efficacy of olanzapine, a new atypical neuroleptic with a low risk of agranulocytosis, in a group of four patients (one man and three women) with tardive cervical dystonia. They developed severe dystonia after several years of neuroleptic treatment. Extensive laboratory evaluations, as well as neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic investigations, were negative. Olanzapine was started at a dose of 5 mg/d and increased up to 7.5 mg/d. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and videotaped. At the end of the trial, the videotapes were reviewed and scored by a blind observer. A self-rating visual analog scale completed the disability evaluation.A moderate to marked improvement in dystonia was observed in all patients, and significant differences were observed in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale scores and videotape ratings after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared with the basal values (p < 0.05). The average percentage of improvement in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale score and visual analog scale was 26.4% and 42.6%, respectively. No serious side effects were reported at the maximum dosage reached (7.5 mg/d). This study warrants a larger controlled study to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in tardive dystonia.     

Factors associated with stigmatization of persons with mental illness

Stigmatization of individuals with mental illnesses is widespread and serves as a major barrier to treatment. In a survey of 116 undergraduates, the authors examined the impact of diagnosis, attitudes about treatment, and psychiatric terminology on stigma associated with mental illness. Stigmatization of schizophrenia was significantly higher than stigmatization of depression. More positive attitudes toward treatment were associated with significantly less stigma. However, psychiatric terminology had no impact on attitudes toward mental illness. Significantly less stigmatization of mental illness was found among females than among males. Reducing the stigmatization of mental illness continues to be an important goal for mental health professionals.