微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛35例临床体会

目的探讨用微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛神经血管压迫综合征的临床经验。方法回顾2009年6月至2011年6月我院采用微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛35例,经乙状窦后入路面神经根微血管减压术,手术时经绒球小结叶显露面神经脑干段,仔细找寻责任血管后,将其推移离开面神经,在血管和脑干之间放置Teflon棉固定。结果术中发现小脑前下动脉26例(74.3%),小脑后下动脉7例(20.0%),椎动脉2例(5.7%),总有效100%,本组无死亡。结论微血管减压术是治疗颅神经血管压迫综合征的有效方法,术中不遗漏责任血管,使责任血管远离面神经是影响手术效果的关键。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛复发原因分析

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛后症状复发的原因。方法 对19例经微血管减压术治疗后症状消失1年以上，痉挛又复出现的患者行二次手术。术中发现所有病例均因第一次手术时减压棉片放置位置不当和/或大小不适，致责任血管复位而重新压迫面神经根部。二次手术中将责任血管游离后推移离开面神经根部，用Teflon棉进行固定。结果 二次手术后18例症状消失，1例减轻。第二次术后所有病例经1．2～7年随访，平均3．8年，除1例仍有轻度痉挛外，余症状均消失。结论 微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的有效方法，准确判断责任血管并实施有效的减压是提高手术效果、减少症状复发的关键。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌抽搐的疗效观察

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的责任血管、手术疗效、并发症以及手术策略。方法回顾性分析行显微血管减压术的28例面肌痉挛病人的临床资料。术前常规行MRI检查排除继发性病因。术中确认责任血管,以Teflon棉分隔。结果本组术中均能见到血管压迫面神经出脑干处（REZ）,均为动脉血管压迫,其中小脑前下动脉15例（53．6％）,小脑后下动脉8例（28．6％）,椎动脉2例（7．1％）,多支血管复合型压迫3例（10．7％）。术后20例症状立即完全缓解,8例明显减轻;术后3个月,1例未完全缓解。主要合并症包括眩晕、耳鸣5例,听力下降或消失2例,面瘫1例。无手术死亡。结论显微血管减压术是严重面肌痉挛的首选治疗方式,术中对责任血管的判断和防止脑损伤是确保疗效的关键。     

微血管减压治疗面肌痉挛的手术探讨

目的分析面肌痉挛病人是否有颅内责任血管压迫,为面肌痉挛微血管减压术(MVD)术中处理提供手术依据。方法回顾性分析108例经MVD治疗面肌痉挛病人的临床资料,术前通过影像学检查了解面神经是否存在责任血管,采用枕下乙状窦后入路显露面神经出脑干端面神经根区(REZ)至进内听道全程,在压迫点放置Teflon减压垫棉。结果术中发现单纯面神经REZ区有明确责任血管压迫88例,既有REZ区压迫又有面神经桥前池段被责任血管袢推拉成角6例,单纯面神经桥前池段被责任血管袢推拉成角5例,动脉血管与面神经之间蛛网膜黏连增厚但未见血管压迫或推拉神经9例。术后抽搐症状立即消失92例,症状明显缓解16例,3个月后延迟治愈,总有效率100%。结论血管压迫面神经REZ区是面肌痉挛的主要原因,但血管袢直接推拉桥前池段或者间接通过蛛网膜牵拉面神经主干也可引发相关症状,术中责任血管的准确辨识、面神经全程减压松解,才能达到手术疗效。     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中对静脉压迫的处理(附29例分析)

目的探讨特发性面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中对静脉压迫的处理。方法回顾性分析2001年3月．2006年3月采用显微血管减压术治疗的422例面肌痉挛病例，29例（6．9％）术中探查发现面、听神经出（进）脑干区有静脉通过．其中8例（1．9％）确认为责任动脉压迫之外并存静脉压迫。责任静脉处理方法：电凝后切断7例，将静脉充分游离后以Teflon棉垫开1例。另外21例（5．0％）由于静脉不是责任血管，未予处理。结果29例病人术后即刻有效率100％，治愈28例（96．6％），另l例即刻未治愈而于术后3周延迟治愈。平均随访44个月，无复发病例。与静脉处理有关的术后并发症：轻一中度面瘫、听力下降伴耳鸣2例，随访期间均好转，暂时性单纯耳鸣l例，一过性轻度面瘫l例。结论特发性面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中，对与面神经出脑干区责任动脉压迫并存的静脉性压迫应电凝后切断．方能彻底减压；但术后面、听神经并发症的发生率增加。静脉性压迫均合并动脉性压迫，且为次要压迫因素时．静脉不会单独对面神经出脑干区构成压迫；在面、听神经出（进）脑干区之间通过的静脉不是责任血管，可不予处理。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛96例分析

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的责任血管、手术疗效以及手术策略。方法回顾性分析采用微血管减压术的96例面肌痉挛病人的临床资料。结果本组术中均能见到血管压迫面神经根出脑干处,均为动脉血管压迫。术后68例症状完全缓解,26例明显减轻,2例手术无效;其中有1例复发。结论微血管减压术是面肌痉挛的有效治疗方法,熟练的显微外科技术,术中责任血管的识别以及减压棉片的放置是影响手术疗效的关键。     

非典型性面肌痉挛(附36例报告)

目的 探讨非典型性面肌痉挛的发病机制和手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月到2010年7月采用显微血管减压术治疗的36例面肌痉挛病例,临床表现均为非典型性发作.结果 32例患者术后面肌痉挛立即消失,4例患者术后痉挛减轻但未消失,随访5个月时完全消失.随访12-72个月,平均42个月,延迟治愈者4例(11％),无复发病例.术后发生并发症6例(17％),包括中度面瘫、听力下降3例,听力下降伴耳鸣3例;随访期间均好转.结论 非典型性面肌痉挛患者神经受血管压迫位置一般位于面神经出脑干区的远侧端,采用显微血管减压术可获良效,但术后发生面瘫、听力障碍的概率升高.术中责任血管的准确识别、实时脑干听觉诱发电位监测、避免颅神经和细小血管的损伤,有助于提高疗效、减少并发症的发生.     

耳后锁孔入路显微手术治疗原发性面肌痉挛

目的探讨原发性面肌痉挛的显微手术治疗方法,以便进一步提高其临床治疗效果及降低并发症的发生率。方法121例原发性面肌痉挛患者均采用耳后锁孔入路开颅行微血管减压术,放置适当大小的Teflon垫棉隔离面神经出脑干区的相关责任血管。结果术后121例均获3～36月随访,总有效率为98.35%。术后出现耳鸣及听力减退4例,迟发性面瘫1例,小脑梗死1例。结论耳后锁孔入路微血管减压手术是目前治疗原发性面肌痉挛最有效的方法。手术中仔细辨别相关的责任血管,面神经出脑干区的充分显露和有效减压,以及垫棉放置的位置和大小等,是直接影响术后临床效果的关键。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛(附106例分析)

目的总结显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉孪(HFS)的经验。方法回顾性总结106例MVD治疗HFS的临床经验。术前三维时间飞越法磁共振血管成像(3D-TOF-MRA)检查发现责任血管的阳性率为91.5%(97例),术中显露面神经入脑干区(REZ),明确责任血管后将其推移,在血管与脑干之间放置Teflon棉。结果术中均发现明确的责任血管压迫面神经REZ区,其中与小脑前下动脉(AICA)相关占66.0%(70例),复合血管压迫者占36.8%(39例)。MVD术后总有效率为100%。结论术中面神经REZ区的充分显露,责任血管的识别,面神经REZ的充分减压,减压棉片的大小和放置位置等,均是影响手术效果的重要因素。     

微血管减压术治疗125例面肌痉挛临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术（MVD）治疗面肌痉挛（HFS）的疗效及并发症。方法125例HFS患者行乙状窦后入路面神经根MVD,手术时经绒球小叶显露面神经脑干段,仔细找寻责任血管后,将其推移离开面神经,在血管与脑干之间放置Teflon棉固定。结果术中发现责任血管为小脑前下动脉63例,小脑后下动脉34例,椎基动脉6例,椎基动脉及其分支血管（小脑前下动脉或小脑后下动脉）共同压迫22例。术后随访4年,全部病例抽搐完全消失,有效率为100％。1例术后出现面瘫（0．8％）,经针灸、理疗、药物治疗后仍有轻微的面瘫（House-Brackmann评分II级）;3例出现迟发性面瘫（2．4％）,经针灸、理疗、药物治疗后均完全恢复;1例出现咽部不适（0．8％）。无脑脊液漏及死亡病例。结论MVD是HFS最有效的治疗方法。术中不遗漏责任血管,在血管与脑干间恰当的放置Teflon棉,使责任血管远离面神经是提高手术疗效的关键。     

Abstracts A1–A10

Journal of Neurology -     

A catalog of SCN1A variants

Over the past 10 years mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)s) have become closely associated with inheritable forms of epilepsy. One isoform in particular, Na(v)1.1 (gene symbol SCN1A), appears to be a superculprit, registering with more than 330 mutations to date. The associated phenotypes range from benign febrile seizures to extremely serious conditions, such as Dravet's syndrome (SMEI). Despite the wealth of information, mutational analyses are cumbersome, owing to inconsistencies among the Na(v)1.1 sequences to which different research groups refer. Splicing variability is the core problem: Na(v)1.1 co-exists in three isoforms, two of them lack 11 or 28 amino acids compared to full-length Na(v).1.1. This review establishes a standardized nomenclature for Na(v)1.1 variants so as to provide a platform from which future mutation analyses can be started without need for up-front data normalization. An online resource--SCN1A infobase--is introduced.     

A neurosurgeon in Iraq: A personal perspective

The practice of neurosurgery in a war zone provides enormous challenges and risks for the individual surgeon working in such an austere and hostile environment, but also provides a unique opportunity to treat a high volume of severe penetrating and blast injuries to the head, neck and the spine. The purpose of this article is to present the author's personal experiences and perspective as a military neurosurgeon working in the US Airforce Hospital in Balad (the 332nd Expeditionary Medical Group) Iraq in for 3 months in 2004. Strategies for managing the mass casualties, and the severe penetrating craniofacial trauma are presented and the reasons for the low mortality of troops injured in Iraq are discussed.     

A clinically isolated syndrome: A challenging entity

Abstract   Acute isolated neurological syndromes, such as optic neuropathy or transverse myelopathy, may cause diagnostic problems since they can be the first presentations of a number of diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and collageneous tissue disorders. In the present study, particular systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) patients, who were followed up with the initial diagnosis of possible MS with no evidence of collagen tissue disorders for several years, are described. Five patients with the final diagnosis of SLE and five pSS patients are evaluated with their neurologic, systemic and radiologic findings. Over several years, all developed some systemic symptoms like arthritis, arthralgia, headache, dry mouth and eyes unexpected in MS. During the regular and close follow-up laboratory evaluations of vasculitic markers revealed positivity, leading to the final definite diagnosis of SLE or pSS. Patients with atypical neurological presentation of MS, a relapsing remitting clinical profile, or lack of response to the regular MS treatment should be evaluated for the presence of a connective tissue disease. Various laboratory tests, such as cerebrospinal fluid findings, autoantibodies profile, markers, cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging, can be helpful for the differential diagnosis. Lack of response to the regular multiple sclerosis treatment, even increasing rate of relapses can force the clinician for the differential diagnosis. In particular cases an accurate diagnosis can only be made after close follow-up.     

A SOCIAL PSYCHIATRIC INVESTIGATION OF A RURAL DISTRICT IN NORTHERN NORWAY: A PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION

The psychiatric morbidity of Berlevaag in Northern Norway (71 degrees North) was studied in 1944 by Bremer A follow-up and a re-examination of the persons in the community was initiated in 1972. Preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of psychoses is practically the same in 1973 as in 1944. Various registers have provided a fairly complete count of psychoses even before the onset of an intensive field study. Only a minor part of the nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders appears to have been identified.