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1.
皮质下缺血性脑血管病认知功能障碍研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的应用系列神经心理学测试分析皮质下缺血性脑血管病(SIVD)患者的认知损害特征。方法入选SIVD患者53例,年龄及性别相当的健康老年人25例为正常对照组。SIVD患者按照认知损害的诊断标准分为血管性痴呆(VaD)组27例和血管性认知障碍非痴呆(VCIND)组26例。进行MMSE及血管性痴呆包括记忆力、注意力、语言、视空间结构及执行功能5个认知域在内的神经心理学测试,确定VCIND患者受损的认知域。结果①与正常对照组比较,VaD组患者各项量表测试均严重受损,具有统计学差异(P﹤0.05);②VCIND组患者MMSE、数字倒背评分下降,连线测验时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);③VaD组与VCIND组相比,上述各项均受损严重,其中单词回忆、连线测验、画钟测验、数字广度测验评分差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论①SIVD患者同时存在多个认知域损害,以执行功能、注意力损害较为突出,记忆、语言受累相对较轻;②VCIND患者表现为执行功能、注意力受损,程度均低于VaD组,晚期VaD患者全面认知功能明显下降。  相似文献   

2.
目的研究神经心理测试及听觉事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)P300在皮质下缺血性脑血管病(subcortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD)伴不同程度认知功能障碍的临床应用价值。方法 92例SIVD患者,其中血管性无痴呆型认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment no dementia,VCIND)45例,血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)47例,同时选取45例未发生脑梗死及认知功能障碍的正常人作为对照组。分别对2组患者住院治疗前及正常对照组进行神经心理测试认知评估量表MMSE、MoCA评分和听觉事件相关电位P300检测。结果入院治疗前,VCIND组、VaD组简易精神状态检查(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均较正常组偏低(P0.05),VCIND组较VaD组偏低(P0.05),P300检测:与正常对照组潜伏期(318.689±16.123)ms相比,VCIND组患者潜伏期(360.667±16.082)ms,VaD组患者潜伏期(420.333±21.149)ms,各组间听觉事件相关电位P300潜伏期差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SIVD患者存在认知功能损害,以执行功能障碍为主,ERP-P300测试能客观反映VCIND患者早期认知功能障碍,P300潜伏期与MMSE及MoCA有相关性,有利于VCIND早期的诊断。  相似文献   

3.
目的明确弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)对皮质下型血管性认知障碍的识别作用。方法42例皮质下缺血性血管病(subcortical ischemic vascular desease,SIVD)患者经过认知测试,被分为无认知障碍(no cognitive impairment,NCI)组,血管性认知障碍非痴呆(vascular cognitive impairment no dementia,VCIND)组和血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)组。分析其认知测试指标与DTI参数之间的关系。结果VCIND组、VaD组全脑白质平均弥散度(mean diffusivity,MD)分别为(0.89±0.05)×10-9m2.s-1和(0.93±0.05)×10-9m2.s-1,与NCI组(0.84±0.03)×10-9m2.s-1相比,有统计学差异(均P<0.01),VCIND组、VaD组各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)分别为(0.35±0.02)和(0.34±0.02),与NCI组(0.37±0.02)相比,亦有统计学差异(均P<0.01)。全脑白质MD与注意执行功能和记忆功能测验评分的相关系数分别为-0.538和-0.500,均P<0.01;FA值与注意执行功能和记忆功能测验评分的相关系数分别是0.439和0.411,均P<0.01。排除VaD患者后,MD与注意执行功能的相关系数为-0.401,P<0.05。结论 VCIND和VaD组的MD和FA值与NCI组有统计学差异,SIVD患者的注意执行与记忆功能与白质完整性独立相关。  相似文献   

4.
皮质下缺血性血管病的神经心理特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨皮质下缺血性血管病(subcortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD)的认知和情感特征。方法 对符合SIVD标准的缺血性卒中患者进行详细的临床访谈和神经心理、神经精神检查。结果 50例患者平均年龄(70±8)岁,男性占78%,轻度SIVD 20例(40%),中重度30例(60%)。33例诊断为血管性认知功能障碍(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI),其中24例(72.7%)为血管性认知损害非痴呆(vascular cognitive impairment no dementia,V-CIND)。在VCI患者中,11例(33.3%)为单一认知域损害,22例(66.7%)为多认知域受损,执行和记忆功能是损害最突出的认知域。本组患者没有语言和空间能力的单独受累。VCI患者39.3%伴抑郁,而非VCI者仅11.8%伴抑郁,差异有统计学意义(P =0.043)。妄想、幻觉、过度兴奋和夜间不寻常活动仅见于VaD患者。中重度SIVD中患VCI比例显著高于轻度者(P =0.002),伴抑郁的比例亦有增高的趋势(P =0.059)。结论 认知障碍在SIVD中常见,但多为V-CIND,以执行功能和记忆损害最为突出,易伴抑郁,提示额叶皮质皮质下环路损伤可能是两者共同损害的主要机制。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨血管性认知功能损害患者脑CT灌注成像特征,分析其与认知功能的相关性。方法 2016-06—2018-06在焦作市第二人民医院住院诊治的缺血性脑卒中患者112例进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)测验,依据测试结果分为认知功能正常者46例和不正常者66例,认知功能不正常者进一步分为血管性非痴呆认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairmentno-dementia,V-CIND)组48例和血管性痴呆(VaD)组18例,分析各组患者脑CT灌注成像特征,以及与认知功能的相关性。结果本次入组112例脑卒中患者VCI发生率为58.93%。脑血容量(CBV)及脑血流量(CBF)指标3组间比较差异有意义(P0.05);CBV和CBF与MoCA评分呈正相关(P0.05),与连线测验完成时间呈负相关(P0.05)。结论认知障碍患者均存在不同程度的脑血流灌注降低,且随着认知功能进展血流灌注进一步下降,脑计算机断层灌注成像可早期识别VCI,为临床诊治提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
血管性认知功能损害的亚型研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
血管性认知功能损害(VCI)的概念是由Schdev提出的,其定义是血管性认知功能障碍程度严重到可以诊断的水平,包括轻度血管性认知功能损害到血管性痴呆(VaD)的一系列疾病类型。在过去20年VaD的诊断标准不断发展,但准确的定义仍存在争议。以往根据Alzheimer病(AD)引申的VaD早期诊断标准着重于记忆的缺陷,而非与VaD密切相关的执行功能和信息处理的障碍。目前认为,要求VaD患者的认知障碍程度严重到影响日常生活的程度过于严格了,因为这不利于早期诊断。诊断VaD所要求的影像学病变的程度和类型也存在争议[1]。因此,应用于所有VCI亚型的单一诊断标准面临挑战,一些专家已经提出建立不同亚型相应的诊断标准。  相似文献   

7.
轻度血管性痴呆患者的认知特征研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 分析轻度血管性痴呆 (VaD)患者的认知特征。方法 符合美国国立神经疾病与脑卒中研究所(NINDS AIREN)编制的VaD诊断标准的 31例患者 ,与年龄、性别、教育程度等匹配的卒中后非痴呆患者和正常老人(各 31例 )均完成智能、记忆、语言、注意、结构、计算及执行功能的 16种神经心理测验。结果 VaD患者的认知损害是全面性的 ,最为显著的是总体智力、回忆策略、视觉空间能力及筹划执行功能指标 ,反映其额叶和皮质下功能损害。结论 VaD患者脑部额叶和皮质下功能障碍最为突出。  相似文献   

8.
目的评价脑心通胶囊治疗血管性认知障碍的临床疗效和安全性。方法本研究从三个分中心招募血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)患者240例,并随机分为治疗组121例,其中无痴呆血管认知功能障碍(VCIND)患者45例,血管性痴呆(VaD)患者76例;对照组120例,其中VCIND患者44例,VaD患者76例。治疗组给予脑心通胶囊每日口服3次,每次4粒;对照组给予复方丹参片每日口服3次,每次4粒,连续服用3月。比较不同阶段的VCI患者治疗前后简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)的变化。结果治疗组VCIND患者治疗后MMSE和ADL评分均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组VaD患者治疗后MMSE略有改善,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而ADL评分有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论脑心通胶囊能够改善无痴呆血管性认知障碍(VCIND)患者的认知功能。  相似文献   

9.
目的:观察皮质下缺血性血管性认知功能损害(SIVCI)患者注意亚型障碍的特征。方法:对30例非痴呆型SIVCI(SIVCIND)患者(SIVCIND组)、15例皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者(SIVD组)和15名健康志愿者(对照组)采用计算机上持续操作任务(CPT)、Stroop试验及双任务测试法测试持续注意、选择注意和分散注意功能。结果:与对照组比较,SIVD组CPT反应时延长,漏报率增加(P<0.05);SIVCIND组漏报率与对照组比较显著增加,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。SIVD患者冲突及中性条件下,反应时与错误率及干扰量均增加;SIVCIND患者Stroop试验冲突条件反应时延长(P<0.01)、双任务法耗时差无明显增加(P>0.05);SIVD患者耗时差增加(P<0.01)。结论:SIVCIND早期主要以持续:注意及选择注意功能损害为主,晚期则持续注意、选择注意和分散注意功能普遍受累。  相似文献   

10.
血管性认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)是由脑血管病危险因素(如高血压、糖尿病和高血脂等)明显(如脑梗死和脑出血等)或不明显的脑血管病(如白质疏松和慢性脑出血)引起的从轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)到痴呆的一大类综合征[1].据统计,在年龄高于65岁的人群中,大约有5%患有VCI[2],早期诊断和干预VCI被认为是延缓认知损害发展,阻止其进展成为血管性痴呆(vascular de-memtia,VaD)的关键所在.目前,在临床工作中,VCI的诊断主要依赖于各种标准化的神经心理学测验量表,但任何一种量表或行为学检测工具都具有其局限性,只能作为重要的参考资料,诊断还需结合患者的临床表现、既往病史、神经影像学检测结果、电生理、神经生化学检查结果等.  相似文献   

11.
Cognitive profile of subcortical ischaemic vascular disease   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
OBJECTIVES: Subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD) is a subtype of vascular cognitive impairment characterised by extensive white matter lesions and multiple lacunar infarcts. Radiologically defined diagnostic criteria for SIVD have been introduced, but only a few studies have presented empirical data on its clinical and cognitive features. The aim of this study is to describe in detail the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with SIVD from a large well defined stroke cohort. METHODS: A sample of 323 consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke, aged 55-85 years, was investigated using neuropsychological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients fulfilling the MRI criteria of SIVD (n = 85) were compared to the other stroke patients (n = 238) and to normal control subjects (n = 38). RESULTS: Cognitive performance of the SIVD group was inferior to that of the normal control group throughout all domains. As compared to the other stroke patients, the SIVD group performed significantly worse in tests measuring executive functions and delayed memory recall. Adjusting for depression had no effect on these results. Instead, after controlling for medial temporal lobe atrophy, the differences disappeared for delayed memory but remained significant for executive functions. CONCLUSION: Executive deficits are the most prominent cognitive characteristic associated with SIVD. Patients with SIVD also exhibit subtle deficits in delayed memory, which is explained in part by medial temporal lobe atrophy. Cognitive and mood changes seem to be parallel but independent processes related to SIVD. The results support the concept of SIVD as a separate clinical entity.  相似文献   

12.
Spectrum of disease in vascular cognitive impairment.   总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40  
The recognition that cognitive impairment of vascular origin is not limited to multi-infarct dementia has led to the development of several sets of new criteria for vascular dementia (VaD). We set out to define the spectrum of disease in patients presenting with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Of 412 patients consecutively seen at a memory clinic, 80 had VCI. These patients had vascular cognitive impairment not dementia (n = 19), VaD (n = 48), and mixed Alzheimer's disease-VaD (n = 13). Radiographic patterns were: white matter changes only (40%); multiple infarcts (30%); single strategic stroke (14%), and no identified lesion (16%). Of note, 19 (24%) of these patients meet none of the currently published criteria for VaD. To better understand and treat ischaemic causes of cognitive impairment, the concept of VaD should be expanded to include patients who do not meet traditional dementia criteria.  相似文献   

13.
轻度认知功能障碍患者的执行功能和工作记忆研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 了解轻度认知功能障碍(MO)患者的执行功能和工作记忆是否损害及工作记忆损害特点,探讨执行功能对MCI患者的日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响.方法 运用神经心理学测试的方法对30例MCI患者进行执行功能、工作记忆及其他认知功能检查,同时进行ADL评定,另外选择30名健康老人作为对照组.结果 MCI组的执行功能和工作记忆成绩(分)显著低于对照组,其中数字颜色连线干扰(130.8±58.2)、数字颜色连线B(210.2±81.8)、词汇流畅性测试(8.9±5.4)、视觉客体工作记忆(0.73±0.12)和数字广度(3.4±0.9),除视觉空间工作记忆外,与对照组比较(52.0±13.5、121.0±33.4、16.4±5.4、0.85±9.18、4.2±1.1)差异均有统计学意义(t=7.108、5.159、-4.879、-4.351、-2.544,均P<0.01或P<0.05).用多元逐步回归方法分析执行功能对ADL的影响,结果 客体工作记忆、空间工作记忆和词汇流畅性与ADL的影响相关,而客体工作记忆与ADL的影响有显著相关性(β=-0.720,t=-3.571,P=0.001).结论 MCI患者具有明显的执行功能障碍和工作记忆损害,工作记忆与MCI患者的ADL有良好相关性,而且视觉客体工作记忆与MCI患者的ADL测查具有显著相关性,因此MCI患者的执行功能障碍可能是导致其ADL下降和客体工作记忆损害的主要因素.  相似文献   

14.
血管性痴呆和血管性认知障碍的临床研究进展   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
冯涛 《中国卒中杂志》2006,1(10):736-740
血管性认知障碍和痴呆是认知障碍和痴呆领域以及脑血管病领域研究方面的交叉点。本文综述了血管性痴呆和认知障碍的定义、诊断标准和药物治疗进展。在诊断方面重点介绍了血管性痴呆各个亚型的临床特点。在治疗方面重点介绍了血管性痴呆和认知障碍的胆碱能递质代谢障碍以及胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗的进展。  相似文献   

15.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence and severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) between vascular dementia (VaD) and vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND).

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients presenting with cognitive impairment at least 3 months after an ischemic stroke and with a Hachinski Ischemic Score ≥4 were included. VaD was diagnosed as per National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke – Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria for probable VaD and VCI-ND on the lines of the Canadian study of health and aging. The severity of cognitive impairment and the behavioral/psychological symptoms were studied by means of the clinical dementia rating scale and the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) respectively.

Results:

All patients with VaD and 89% of those with VCI-ND had at least one BPSD. The mean no. of symptoms per patient and the total NPI scores were higher in VaD than in VCI-ND. Apathy and night-time behavior disturbances were significantly more common and severe in VaD.

Conclusions:

BPSD are very common both in VCI-ND and in VaD. The profile of BPSD is similar in both groups, albeit more severe in VaD. The net burden of BPSD is higher in VaD as compared to VCI-ND.Key Words: Behavioral and psychological symptoms, neuropsychiatric inventory, vascular cognitive impairment, vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia, vascular dementia  相似文献   

16.
目的探讨轻度血管性认知功能障碍(m VCI)患者TCD血流动力学变化与认知功能的关系。方法依据Erkinjuntti的MRI诊断标准入选的皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者115例,根据神经心理学评估分为血管性认知障碍(VCI)组和认知正常组。使用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)进行颅内血流动力学检查。最后分析患者的Mo CA评分与大脑中大动脉(MCA)和大脑前动脉(ACA)的搏动指数(PI)、平均血流(Vm)的相关性。结果对于两组患者的MCA-PI和ACA-PI进行比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组患者之间的MCA-Vm和ACA-Vm比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MCA-PI和SIVD患者的认知损害呈线性相关,回归方程Y=38.783-7.823 X_1,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 MCA-PI与SIVD患者Mo CA评分线性相关。SIVD患者的PI越高,相对应其认知障碍程度越严重。  相似文献   

17.
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) was proposed as an umbrella term to include subjects affected with any degree of cognitive impairment resulting from cerebrovascular disease (CVD), ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to vascular dementia. VCI may or may not exclude the host of "focal" circumscribed impairments of specialized functions such as language (aphasia), intentional gesture (apraxia), or categorical recognition (agnosia), among others, that may result from a stroke. Therefore, there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for VCI. We conclude that this concept could be more useful if it were to be limited to cases of vascular MCI without dementia, by analogy with the concept of amnestic MCI, currently considered the earliest clinically diagnosable stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). In agreement with our view,the Canadian Study on Health and Aging successfully implemented a restricted definition of VCI, excluding cases of dementia (i.e., vascular cognitive impairment no dementia, VCI-ND). The Canadian definition and diagnostic criteria could be utilized for future studies of VCI. This definition excludes isolated impairments of specialized cognitive functions.Vascular dementia (VaD): The main problem of this diagnostic category stems from the currently accepted definition of dementia that requires memory loss as the sine qua non for the diagnosis. This may result in over-sampling of patients with AD worsened by stroke (AD+CVD). This problem was minimized in controlled clinical trials of VaD by excluding patients with a prior diagnosis of AD, those with pre-existing memory loss before the index stroke, and those with amnestic MCI. We propose a definition of dementia in VaD based on presence of abnormal executive control function, severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning. Vascular cognitive disorder (VCD): This term, proposed by Sachdev [P. Sachdev, Vascular cognitive disorder. Int J Geriat Psychiatry 14 (1999)402-403.] would become the global diagnostic category for cognitive impairment of vascular origin, ranging from VCI to VaD. It would include specific disease entities such as post-stroke VCI, post-stroke VaD, CADASIL, Binswanger disease, and AD plus CVD. This category explicitly excludes isolated cognitive dysfunctions such as those mentioned above.  相似文献   

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