A型肉毒毒素治疗局限性肌肉痉挛的临床研究

目的　观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的疗效。方法　对 40例偏侧面肌痉挛、9例眼睑痉挛、1例Meige综合征进行面部肌肉局部多点注射A型肉毒毒素 ,评价其治疗效果。结果　 40例偏侧面肌痉挛者 ,完全缓解 1 5例 (38% ) ,明显缓解2 4例 (60 % ) ,1例无效 ;9例眼睑痉挛者 ,4例完全缓解 ,4例明显缓解 ,1例无效 ;1例Meige综合征部分缓解 ,总有效率达 96 %。起效时间平均 3天 ,缓解时间平均 3 5个月。局部副反应轻微、短暂 ,无全身反应及过敏反应。结论　A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗局限性肌肉痉挛的一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈及Meige''''s综合征的临床研究

目的　探讨A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗痉挛性斜颈、Meige s综合征及职业性痉挛的疗效。方法　对 2 3例痉挛性斜颈、10例完全型Meige s综合征及 1例职业性痉挛患者进行A型肉毒毒素局部注射 ,观察其治疗效果以及副作用。结果　 2 3例痉挛性斜颈患者 ,治疗后Tsui量表评分明显下降 ;10例完全型Meige s综合征 ,8例明显好转 ,2例部分缓解 ;1例职业性痉挛患者完全缓解。所有患者均未见过敏反应和严重副反应。结论　A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗痉挛性斜颈等肌张力障碍的有效手段。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛156例临床观察

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌，眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的疗效。方法 采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗偏侧面肌痉挛102例。眼睑痉挛41例及Meige综合征13例。并使用Cohen和Albert量表进行评估。结果 症状完全缓解占51.3%。明显改善占37.8%。部分改善占10.9%。疗效平均持续约3-6个月。复发者重复注射仍有效，出现眼睑闭合不全，面肌无力，眼睑下垂共58例，均恢复。结论 局部注射A型肉毒毒素确为一种安全有效。简便易行的治疗面肌。眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素加用抗痉挛药治疗Meige综合征的疗效观察

目的 观察A型肉毒毒素及抗痉挛药物联合治疗Meige综合征的疗效。方法 对30例Meige综合征患者应用A型肉毒毒素对痉挛肌肉多点注射，每点0．1－0.2ml(2.5-5U)，同时服用抗乙酰胆碱和苯二氮Zhuo类药物。结果 A型肉毒毒素对眼睑痉挛的治疗，4－5天症状缓解，1个星期明显缓解，2个星期疗效达最高峰。有效率100％。有效作用时间为10－24周，平均11．7周。而抗乙酰胆碱和苯二氮Zhuo类药物对口下颌肌张力障碍的治疗效果比较明显，可以有效的缓解患者的磨牙咂嘴和舌不自主伸缩等症状。结论 A型肉毒毒素和抗乙酰胆碱及苯二氮Zhuo类药物联合应用是治疗Meige综合征的一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛500例临床研究

目的 探讨使用A型肉毒毒素针多点重复注射治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效及安全性.方法 采用A型肉毒毒素局部多点重复注射治疗面肌痉挛500例,使用Cohen评分进行评估.观察疗效.结果 症状完全缓解301例（60.2％）,明显缓解者182例（36.4％）,部分缓解者15例（3.0％）,无效2例（0.4％）;总有效率99.8％.疗效持续2～7个月,复发者重复治疗仍有效,不良反应轻微.结论 局部注射A型肉毒毒素是治疗面肌痉挛一种简便、安全、有效的方法.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛38例疗效观察

目的：观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效。方法：对38例偏侧面肌痉挛进行面部肌肉多点注射A型肉毒毒素。评价其治疗效果。结果：完全缓解11例，明显缓解27例，总有效率100％。起效时间平均3d。局部反应轻微，无全身反应及过敏反应。结论：A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗面肌痉挛的一种安全、有效、易行的方法。     

肌电图下局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈临床观察

目的探讨肌电图引导下局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈的疗效。方法在肌电图引导下采用A型肉毒毒素局部多点注射治疗痉挛性斜颈42例,治疗前后的病情采用Tsui量表进行评分比较。结果症状基本缓解20例,占47.62%,明显缓解18例,占42.86%,部分缓解4例,占9.52%,无效0例,有效率90.48%。疗效平均持续约6月左右,最长达1~3年。复发者重复注射仍有效且剂量无增加,局部不良反应轻微短暂。结论肌电图引导下局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈是一种安全有效且简便易行的方法,可重复注射。     

中风与神经疾病杂志2003年第20卷文题索引

(按汉语拼音字母顺序排列 )A阿尔茨海默病阿尔茨海默病的胆碱能损害机制 ( 1 ) :89阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆的精神行为症状 ( 2 ) :1 1 3中国家族性 A lzheimer病的载脂蛋白 E基因型分析 ( 5) :4 0 3爱滋病爱滋病中枢神经系统机会性感染的特征 ( 4) :373A型肉毒毒素A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛 1 56例临床观察 ( 1 ) :6 8局部注射 A型肉毒毒素治疗 Meige综合征 ( 3) :2 59鞍上池血肿鞍上池血肿 31例临床分析 ( 2 ) :1 49B卟啉病伴有神经精神症状的卟啉病 ( 732例资料分析 ) ( 3) :2 4 2C痴呆血管性痴呆患者 SPECT脑血流灌注显像特…     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛38例疗效观察

目的 :观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效。方法 :对 3 8例偏侧面肌痉挛进行面部肌肉多点注射A型肉毒毒素。评价其治疗效果。结果 :完全缓解 11例 ,明显缓解 2 7例 ,总有效率 10 0 %。起效时间平均 3d。局部反应轻微 ,无全身反应及过敏反应。结论 :A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗面肌痉挛的一种安全、有效、易行的方法。     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛

目的 探讨A型肉毒杆菌毒素(BTXA)治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛的疗效.方法 选择眼睑及面肌痉挛患者36例,根据病情用2.5U/0.1ml的A型肉毒杆菌毒素做痉挛局部皮下或肌内注射,一次剂量不超过55U, 有残存痉挛者可追加注射.结果 一次注射痉挛完全缓解26例,明显缓解6例,部分缓解4例,10例重复2～3次注射均完全缓解.结论 BTXA治疗眼睑、面部肌痉挛安全、有效.     

重复局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗局限性肌张力障碍长期疗效观察

目的研究重复局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛、Meige's综合征、痉挛性斜颈的长期疗效及维持时间,有无剂量增加趋势。方法用A型肉毒毒素对241例患者重复小剂量局部多点注射,随访治疗10年,将6轮次治疗疗效以及剂量、疗效维持时间、不良反应进行比较分析。结果各轮次总有效率分别为98.7%、98.9%、99.3%、100%、100%、100%。作用持续(20±3)周,平均剂量40U,各轮间疗效、平均剂量、作用持续时间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论重复局部注射治疗局限性肌张力障碍长期疗效稳定,作用持续时间相似,维持疗效无需增加剂量,局部不良反应轻微短暂。     

A型肉毒毒素对眼睑痉挛的治疗

目的　观察Ａ型肉毒毒素对原发性眼睑痉挛和Ｍｅｉｇｅ 综合征的治疗效果。方法　Ａ型肉毒毒素, 在肌电图仪的引导下对眼轮匝肌进行多点局部注射（每点２．５～５Ｕ） 治疗原发性眼睑痉挛２４ 例及Ｍｅｉｇｅ综合征１０例。结果　４～５ 天出现症状缓解, １ 个星期症状明显缓解, ２ 个星期症状缓解最明显。有效率１００％ , 原发性眼睑痉挛有效作用时间为１０～２４ 周, 平均为１５．８ 周。Ｍｅｉｇｅ 综合征平均有效作用时间为１１．７ 周。结论　Ａ型肉毒毒素局部注射是治疗眼睑痉挛和Ｍｅｉｇｅ 综合征的一种安全、有效、简便方法。     

Placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study of botulinum A toxin in hemifacial spasm

The evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum A toxin injection for hemifacial spasm has never previously been done in a double-blind study in spite of its use as a treatment. We thus conducted a double-blind cross-over study of botulinum A toxin use in hemifacial spasm in 55 patients at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Thirteen patients decided to withdraw from the study due to a lack of efficacy, all of them were subsequently found to be in the saline injection group. The remaining 42 patients, in the botulinum A toxin injection (30 mouse units) group, reported the responses as: excellent (34 patients; 80.95%), moderate patients; 2.38%). In contrast, when given the saline injection they reported no excellent outcome, 1 patient (2.38%) with moderate improvement, 5 patients (11.90%) with mild improvement and, 36 patients (85.71%) with no response. Side effects of botulinum toxin injections were found in 14.29% of patients compared with 9.5% of the saline injection group. The side effects of botulinum toxin injection were mild transient facial weakness (7.14%), local pain (4.76%) and excessive lacrimation (2.38%).

We concluded that botulinum A toxin injection was a simple and effective out-patient treatment for the management of hemifacial spasm.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛疗效观察

目的观察A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛的疗效。方法采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗偏侧面肌痉挛51例、眼睑痉挛8例,并使用Cohen和Albert量表对疗效进行评估。结果31例(52.5%)症状完全缓解,22例(37.2%)明显改善,6例(10.1%)部分改善,疗效平均持续约9～33周,复发者重复注射仍有效。不良反应可出现眼睑闭合不全、面肌无力、眼睑下垂等共18例,均在4周内恢复。结论局部注射A型肉毒毒素确为一种安全有效的治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛的方法。     

Failure of fixed-dose, fixed muscle injection of botulinum toxin in torticollis

We studied the effect of botulinum toxin injection in 30 patients with torticollis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. A fixed dose of toxin was injected into the contralateral sternocleidomastoid and both trapezius muscles. Clinical improvement was assessed by a rating scale and by patient self-evaluation. Subjective rating noted improvement in some patients, but there was no change in objective measures. The use of larger doses and injection of additional muscles may be necessary to achieve increased efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of torticollis.     

Botulinum toxin injections for children with excessive drooling

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasonography-guided injections of botulinum toxin A into the parotid glands of children with severe drooling (sialorrhea). Excessive drooling is common in children with chronic neurologic disorders. Preliminary observations in adults suggest that injections of botulinum toxin A into the parotid glands can decrease drooling, but the optimal dose, sites of injection, and concomitant use of imaging during injections and its use for children have not been established. Ultrasonography was used to guide the injection of botulinum toxin (10-25 IU) into both parotid glands of nine children with excessive drooling. Subjective and objective measures of the severity of drooling were collected before and after botulinum toxin A injections. A booster injection was provided if the initial response was inadequate. Injections were well tolerated, and no adverse reactions were observed. Ultrasonography revealed that the parotid gland showed a variable depth, extent, and vascularization. Eight of nine patients needed a booster injection after 1 month. Objective measures of drooling severity were improved in seven of nine patients. However, subjective improvement was reported in only three of nine patients, and this improvement was functionally significant in only one patient. Although intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A is safe and causes a reduction in saliva production in children, the doses used in this study did not result in functionally significant improvement. Higher doses of botulinum toxin A in the parotid glands or concomitant injections into the submandibular glands can increase the efficacy of these injections. Variability in size, depth, and vascular supply of the parotid gland suggests the importance of ultrasonography guidance for optimizing injections. These results underscore the need for further studies to establish the efficacy of this treatment in children.     

Botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis.

Ten patients with spasmodic torticollis were treated by injection of a total dose of 30 ng of botulinum toxin type A into the affected sternomastoid and posterior cervical muscles. Nine patients reported improvement in head position and control, which was confirmed in seven cases by clinical assessment and "blind" videotape ratings before and 6 weeks after injection. Five patients who had pain reported relief. Seven patients had mild transient dysphagia after injection; two who were given a more concentrated solution of the toxin developed more severe dysphagia, but this also recovered. Other minor transient side effects included weakness of the voice and local pain. The beneficial effects of botulinum toxin injections lasted some 2 to 3 months. A slight reduction in the total dose of toxin injected avoided the main side effects, and this method of treatment appears to offer successful control of head position and pain in the majority of patients with torticollis.     

医源性肉毒毒素中毒(附3例报告及文献复习)

目的报告医源性肉毒毒素中毒相关的严重不良事件。方法总结分析3例医源性肉毒毒素中毒患者的临床表现特征、治疗和预后等临床资料,并结合文献复习进行讨论。结果 3例女性患者均为美容而局部注射肉毒毒素,于注射后数天内出现吞咽困难、呼吸费力、双眼睑显著下垂、视物模糊、头晕、全身无力等症状。患者入院后经支持治疗后症状缓解,3个月后随访恢复良好。结论应用肉毒毒素治疗或美容可引发严重不良事件。临床医生应熟知治疗肌肉的解剖学和肉毒毒素的药理学特征以避免发生严重不良事件。     

Botulinum toxin treatment of hemifacial spasm.

Six patients with hemifacial spasm were treated with injections of botulinum toxin A into the orbicularis oculi; the abnormal movements around the eye were relieved for an average of 15 weeks. There were no systemic or significant local side effects, and in view of the risks involved in neurosurgical treatment, a trial of botulinum toxin injections is recommended in the first instance in this condition.