201例妇女孕期产后心理状态调查

目的:探讨孕期及产后妇女心理状况并分析相关影响因素。方法:对201例孕妇,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS),在孕6个月后至分娩,产后1周、4周和12周4个时点进行心理状况评估。结果:4个时点焦虑症状发生率分别为3.48%、2.49%、1.00%和0.50%。产前抑郁症状的发生率11.94%,产后抑郁症状的发生率分别是22.39%,7.46%和9.95%。结论:妊娠及分娩对孕产妇心理有明显影响。     

分娩前后孕产妇心理状态调查

目的:了解初产妇在分娩前后的焦虑、抑郁情况。方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行评定分析,测定血雌二醇和孕酮值。结果:分娩前后均有一定的焦虑和抑郁发生率。结论:应重视孕产妇的心理状态。     

氟西汀治疗糖尿病伴情绪障碍对照研究

目的:探讨氟西汀对糖尿病(DM)患者伴抑郁、焦虑的疗效.方法:将75例伴抑郁焦虑症状的DM患者随机分为加用氟西汀组和仅以内科治疗的对照组,疗程6周.采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及副反应量表(TESS)进行评定.结果:氟西汀组抑郁症状、焦虑症状的有效率分别为67.7%、55.6%,明显高于对照组,且DM控制情况好,无严重不良反应.结论:氟西汀适宜于治疗DM患者伴有的抑郁、焦虑症状.     

孕产妇焦虑、抑郁的发生和神经递质关系的初步研究

目的　研究正常妇女与孕产妇临产前后的心理状态、孕产妇临产前后焦虑、抑郁的发生和体内神经递质水平的关系。方法　对孕产妇临产入院 3天 (一般在产前 3天内 )、追踪至产后 4天用焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)进行测评 ,阳性者用汉密顿焦虑、抑郁量表 (HAMA、HAMD)评定分折。对部分孕产妇及随机抽查育龄妇女 2 0例为对照组进行神经递质测定及分折。结果　本调查193例孕产妇中产前焦虑发生率为 38.34%、抑郁发生率 12 .4 4 %、产后分别为 14 .36 %、5 .85 % ,经比较有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 5 )、神经递质测定显示产前、产后 5 羟色胺、(5 HT)、肾上腺素 (NE)多巴胺(DA) (P <0 .0 1)存在非常显著的差异。情绪稳定组与紊乱组也存在差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在孕产妇人群中提供简便有效的筛查自评、评定量表 ,能客观正确地筛查出焦虑、抑郁发生。神经递质测定为孕产妇焦虑、抑郁监测中提供客观的生物学指标 ,作为临床参考依据。     

四川省某少数民族地区医务人员心理健康状况调查

目的了解少数民族地区医务人员的心理健康状况。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对四川省某少数民族地区某县医院全体医务人员共130名进行问卷调查。结果少数民族地区医务人员焦虑和抑郁症状检出率分别为26.15%、36.92%。SAS评分在不同性别、职业、学历间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);女性组SDS评分高于男性组(P0.05),护士组SDS评分高于医生组(P0.05),中专组与大专组、大专组与本科组SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),中专组SDS评分高于本科组(P0.05)。结论少数民族地区医务人员存在抑郁、焦虑症状,该地区医院应关注医务人员的心理健康问题,采取积极有效的措施,减少心理问题的发生。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者焦虑、抑郁及社会支持对睡眠质量的影响

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作患者的焦虑、抑郁及社会支持情况对其睡眠的影响.方法 在151例短暂性脑缺血发作患者中,应用自评焦虑量表(SAS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)评估他们的焦虑、抑郁、社会支持和睡眠情况,分析其相关性及前三者对睡眠的影响.对短暂性脑缺血发作进行4周内科治疗的同时,对伴有焦虑或(和)抑郁症状的给予帕罗西汀治疗,并评估治疗对睡眠质量影响.结果 151名患者中单独出现焦虑、抑郁症状的机率分别为33.8%、17.2%,二者共存的发生率为9.9%;存在睡眠障碍的(PSQI>7)占67.5%.PSQI与SAS、SDS、主观支持、对支持的利用得分均存在相关性(γ=0.68、0.52、-0.40、-0.39,P<0.05),有统计学意义.多因素回归分析发现:SAS、SDS、主观支持、对支持的利用度均可影响睡眠质量.Logistic回归分析发现:治疗后发作次数、SAS、SDS的减少和对支持的利用度增加有利于睡眠障碍的改善(OR=0.214、2.350、1.946、0.318,P<0.05).结论 短暂性脑缺血发作患者存在较广泛的睡眠障碍,焦虑、抑郁和社会支持可能与睡眠障碍相关,改善焦虑、抑郁症状可能有利于睡眠质量的提高.     

高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状分析

目的：探讨高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率及相应的危险因素。方法：随机选取两家妇产科医院的孕妇522名，采用综合医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HAD）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和自编危险因素问卷，分别评估人组时、孕38周、产后7d、产后42d和产后3个月的焦虑、抑郁症状。结果：522名中有19例高龄孕产妇。高龄孕产妇5个时点的焦虑症状发生率依次为：15.8％、11．1％、21．1％、6．7％和10．0％；孕期HAD评定的抑郁症状发生率为21．1％、11.1％，产后EPDS评定抑郁症状发生率为10.5％、28．6％和20．0％。高龄孕产妇焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率均高于非高龄孕产妇。初潮年龄和担忧孩子喂养与高龄孕产妇人组时的抑郁情绪相关，分娩时紧张状态和产后抢救与产后7d的焦虑情绪相关。结论：高龄孕产妇存在较多的焦虑和抑郁情绪，应针对其危险因素进行预防。     

青少年精神障碍患者父母焦虑抑郁状况及健康教育干预效果分析

目的 探讨青少年精神障碍患者父母焦虑抑郁状况及健康教育干预效果.方法 对青少年精神障碍患者的80名父母作为研究组采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和自编的调查表进行测评,并和对照组的健康儿童80名父母进行比较,经4周健康教育干预后,对研究组再进行SAS,SDS测评.结果 干预前,研究组的SAS、SDS评分显著高于对照组(P <0.05),且研究组中母亲的SAS、SDS评分显著高于父亲(P<0.05).经健康教育干预后,研究组的SAS,SDS评分显著低于干预前(P<0.05).结论 青少年精神障碍患者的父母存在明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,健康教育可有效改善其焦虑抑郁症状.     

围产期抑郁、焦虑的现况调查

目的 了解围产期孕产妇伴有焦虑、抑郁症状的状况,为孕产妇的心理保健工作提供科学依据.方法 选取2012年5月～2014年4月到昆明市妇幼保健院产前门诊的就诊孕28周的孕妇共968例作为调查对象,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、生活质量评定量表(SF-12)对其孕28周、孕36周及产后1个月的情绪及生活质量进行评估.结果 孕28周、孕36周及产后1月有抑郁症状的孕妇分别为25.4％,24.5％和15.9％,有焦虑症状的孕妇分别为6.6％,7.9％及7.5％,随着时间推移孕妇的生活质量总体呈上升趋势.结论 抑郁、焦虑是孕产妇常见的心理障碍,建议在有条件的产前门诊开展心理健康的筛查,最大限度的保护母婴身心健康.     

海洛因依赖者的生活事件与情绪问题调查

目的 探索海洛因依赖患者的生活事件发生情况和焦虑、抑郁情绪问题,以及生活事件与焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性.方法 采用生活事件量表(LES)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对139名吸毒者进行测评.结果 根据生活事件量表(LES)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定结果,76.26%受试者经历...     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Dissociation and Counterdissociation: Nuanced and Binary Perceptions of Good and Evil

Dissociated experiences are often communicated to analysts. Clinicians may absorb patients' dissociation, thereby creating “counterdissociated” states. Counterdissociation contributes to binary thinking in the analyst similar to black- and-white thinking commonly seen in patients' dissociated states. This can have both positive and negative effects: Counterdissociation may help therapists identify with patients' experience, thereby cementing the therapeutic bond. If analysts remain counterdissociated, however, patients may remain dissociated. As analysts identify their counterdissociation, they may gain insight into patients' needs for dissociation. As they overcome counterdissociation, patients may concurrently overcome dissociation. This allows both to have a more nuanced view of inner experience. With two extended case studies of sexually abused men, this article tracks how an analyst deals with counterdissociation created through intimate contact with dissociated positive and negative introjects of victimizers, thus forming identifications or overidentifications with the patients' abused parts.     

Hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia

Introduction

Cardiac function is a key player in maintaining energy homeostasis in the brain. Heart failure is closely related to higher risk of neurocognitive disorders. Recent evidence shows that this relationship might not be limited to patients with advanced heart failure, and even suboptimal cardiac functioning is associated with accelerated brain aging. Hence, hemodynamic and serum cardiac markers may provide valuable information about the risk of dementia.

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.