癫抑郁患儿应付方式与父母教养方式的相关性研究

目的了解癫抑郁患儿应付方式与父母教养方式的关系,为临床治疗、护理工作提供相关参考。方法采用应付方式问卷(the way of coping questionnaire,WCQ)及父母教养方式评价量表(egna minnenav barndoms uppfostran,EM-BU)对59例癫抑郁患儿(观察组)进行测评,与从当地某小学抽取的性别及年龄相匹配且无重大急慢性疾病的各年级学生59名(对照组)进行比较。结果在应付方式上:癫抑郁患儿的自责、幻想及退避评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而求助及解决问题评分则明显低于对照组(P<0.01);在教养方式上:癫抑郁患儿父母的情感温暖、理解因子评分低于对照组(均P<0.01),而惩罚及拒绝因子评分高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);在患儿应付方式与父母教养方式方面:癫抑郁患儿的WCQ评分与EMBU评分呈显著性相关,尤其是父母的情感温暖理解、过度干涉保护和母亲的惩罚严厉及拒绝否认关系密切,良好的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈正相关,不良的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈负相关。结论癫抑郁患儿较正常儿童更多的采用消极不成熟的应付方式,而较少采用积极的应付方式;其在成长过程中,普遍存在着不良的父母教养方式;且患儿的应付方式与父母的不良教养方式有关。     

品行障碍患儿父母养育方式及应付方式的研究

目的:探讨父母养育方式对品行障碍患儿的应付方式的影响。方法:采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)对46例品行障碍患儿和46名正常儿童为对照进行评估,并对父母养育方式与应付方式作相关分析。结果:品行障碍组患儿父母的情感温暖因子分明显低于对照组,而其他各项因子分(除父母的偏爱被试及父亲的过分干涉、过度保护外)则均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);品行障碍组解决问题评分明显低于对照组,而自责、求助、幻想、退避因子分则明显高于对照组(P<0.01);品行障碍组解决问题、求助与父母的情感温暖因子呈正相关,而与其他各项因子呈负相关;自责、退避与父母的情感温暖因子呈负相关,而与其他各项因子呈正相关。结论:品行障碍患儿多采用消极的应付方式,与父母的养育方式明显相关。     

癫痫抑郁患儿应付方式与父母教养方式的相关性研究

目的了解癫痫抑郁患儿应付方式与父母教养方式的关系,为临床治疗、护理工作提供相关参考。方法采用应付方式问卷（the way of coping questionnaire,WCQ）及父母教养方式评价量表（egna minnenav barndoms uppfostran,EMBU）对59例癫痫抑郁患儿（观察组）进行测评,与从当地某小学抽取的性别及年龄相匹配且无重大急慢性疾病的各年级学生59名（对照组）进行比较。结果在应付方式上：癫痫抑郁患儿的自责、幻想及退避评分均明显高于对照组（P％O．05或P〈0．01）,而求助及解决问题评分则明显低于对照组（P〈O．01）;在教养方式上：癫痫抑郁患儿父母的情感温暖、理解因子评分低于对照组（均P〈O．01）,而惩罚及拒绝因子评分高于对照组（P〈O．05或P〈O．01）;在患儿应付方式与父母教养方式方面：癫痫抑郁患儿的WCQ评分与EMBU评分呈显著性相关,尤其是父母的情感温暖理解、过度干涉保护和母亲的惩罚严厉及拒绝否认关系密切,良好的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈正相关,不良的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈负相关。结论癫痫抑郁患儿较正常儿童更多的采用消极不成熟的应付方式,而较少采用积极的应付方式;其在成长过程中,普遍存在着不良的父母教养方式;且患儿的应付方式与父母的不良教养方式有关。     

精神分裂症患者家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性的调查分析

目的　探索精神分裂症患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性的特点。方法　采用家庭环境量表 (中文版 ) ) (FES -CV)、父母教养方式评价量表 (EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表 (中文版 ) (FACESII-CV)对 110例精神分裂症患者 (研究组 )进行评定 ,并与 110例正常受试者 (对照组 )加以比较。结果　①同正常对照组相比 ,患者家庭表现为低亲密度、低情感表达、低成功性、低组织性以及高矛盾性和控制性差 (P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1)。②在教养方式上 ,患者父亲表现为低情感温暖、高惩罚严厉、过分干涉和拒绝否认 (P <0 0 1) ;而母亲表现为低情感温暖、高拒绝否认、惩罚严厉和偏爱被试 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。③在亲密度和适应性方面 ,患者家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性均较对照组为差 (P <0 0 1)。结论　患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题 ,可能对精神分裂症的发病起重要作用。     

首发青少年抑郁症患者家庭环境及应付方式的研究

目的 探讨首发青少年抑郁症患者家庭环境、应付方式的特点及两者的关系.方法 采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、应付方式问卷,对30例首发青少年抑郁症患者及30例正常对照者进行测评.结果 (1)青少年抑郁症患者家庭环境中亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、宗教道德观等因子分低于正常对照组,矛盾性因子分高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);(2)青少年抑郁症组应付方式中的解决问题、求助因子分低于正常对照组,自责、退避因子分高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);(3)青少年抑郁症组应付方式中的解决问题因子与家庭环境中的控制性呈正相关(r=0.42);求助因子与情感表达呈正相关(r=0.41);自责因子与亲密度、情感表达呈负相关(r =-0.48,r =-0.44),与矛盾性呈正相关(r=0.47).结论 青少年抑郁症患者更多采用不成熟的应付方式,并与不良的家庭环境有关.     

酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的关系

目的:探讨酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境的相关性。方法:对58例酒依赖患者(研究组)和60名无嗜酒史的当地市民(对照组)进行应对方式问卷(CSQ)和中文版的家庭环境量表(FES)调查,分析酒依赖患者应对方式与家庭环境因素的关系。结果:研究组CSQ中退避、幻想和自责因子分显著高于对照组(t=2.41,t=3.22,t=4.15;P0.05或P0.01);FES中亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性评分显著低于对照组,矛盾性和控制性评分显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。研究组FES中亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性评分与CSQ解决问题评分呈正相关,情感表达评分与求助评分呈正相关,娱乐性评分与自责评分呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:酒依赖患者应用不成熟的应对方式,不良家庭环境是其影响因素。     

品行障碍门诊病案分析及其家庭因素调查

目的 探讨家庭环境及其父母教养方式对品行障碍患者的影响,为实施有效的心理干预措施提供依据.方法 以2009年1月～2011年10月期间就诊的76例品行障碍者(年龄8～18岁)作为研究组,与不符合品行障碍的健康志愿者76例(对照组)做比较;采用家庭环境量表( FES- CV)及父母教养方式评价量表( EMBU)对所有受试者进行问卷调查.结果 在家庭环境中,研究组家庭亲密度、情感表达、成功性、知识性及控制性因子评分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),而矛盾性因子评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);在教养方式上,研究组父母的情感温暖与理解因子评分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),而惩罚严厉及拒绝、否认、父亲过分干涉因子评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 品行障碍患者家庭环境及父母的教养方式与正常者有明显不同,他们存在较多的心理问题,应及时地针对性的进行心理干预.     

高职生个性心理特征和家庭教养方式对网瘾行为的影响分析

目的探讨网络成瘾症（简称IAD）的高职学生的内部个性特征和外部家庭教养方式等两大类因素对网络成瘾行为的贡献率。方法采用明尼苏达多项人格测验量表（MMPI）,共10个临床分量表和7个附加量表;家庭教养方式量表（EMBU）,父亲教养方式6个分量表和母亲教养方式5个分量表,构成28个分量表。采用主因素分析法与主分量分析软件来分析青少年的内部个性特征和外部家庭教养方式等两大类因素对网络成瘾行为的贡献率。结果父母教养方式作为独立影响因素对网瘾行为影响的独立贡献率为55.49%,父母教养方式对IAD起主要影响作用的是来自父亲母亲的过度保护、严厉和拒绝;个性行为特征的独立贡献率为35.03%。个性特征对IAD起主要影响作用的是精神衰弱、依赖和支配性,并与责任感负相关。结论父母教养方式对IAD学生网瘾成瘾行为的影响显著大于学生本身个性特征的影响。后者可能在网络成瘾行为的形成过程中起到了次要和配合性作用。     

养育方式对青少年心理门诊患者应对方式的影响

目的:了解青少年心理门诊患者的应对方式与父母养育方式的关系. 方法:对107例青少年心理门诊患者(研究组)和104名正常青少年(对照组)进行应对方式和父母养育方式的测评,比较两组之间的差异,并对应对方式和父母养育方式作相关分析. 结果:研究组解决问题、求助的应对方式的评分显著低于对照组,而自责、退避、幻想的方式的评分显著高于对照组;研究组父母养育方式中,父母情感温暖因子评分显著低于对照组,而父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认因子评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).相关分析中,积极的应对方式与父母正性的情感因子呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),而消极的应对方式则与父母负性的情感因子呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01). 结论:青少年心理门诊患者多采用消极的应对方式,且明显受到父母养育方式的影响.     

失眠症患者心理社会因素分析

目的:探讨失眠症患者的应付方式,心理健康状况和社会支持状况.方法:采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持量表(SSS)对失眠症患者和正常对照者各88例进行测评.结果:失眠症组自责、幻想和退避分量表的得分显著高于对照组,求助分量表的得分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);失眠症组SCL-90总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍各因子分与对照组比较,有显著差异(P＜0.01).失眠症组社会支持总分、客观支持和对社会支持的利用度评分显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).失眠症组自责与躯体化症状、焦虑、抑郁等因子及总分呈显著正相关,而求助与焦虑、抑郁、偏执和总分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).结论:失眠症患者多采用不成熟的应付方式,且有较多的心身症状,应付方式和身心健康有相关性.失眠症患者缺乏社会支持.     

Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with schizophrenia: association with clinical and demographic factors and with mortality

BACKGROUND: Increased rates of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii have been found in individuals with schizophrenia as compared with control groups, but the correlates of Toxoplasma exposure in schizophrenia have not been defined. METHODS: We measured IgG class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 358 individuals with schizophrenia. We correlated Toxoplasma antibody status with clinical and demographic variables and examined the effect of Toxoplasma seropositivity on mortality in a follow-up period of up to 5 years. RESULTS: Individuals with schizophrenia who had serological evidence of Toxoplasma infection were more likely to be female but did not differ in age, race, total symptom score, or other demographic or clinical characteristics. However, we found that serological evidence of Toxoplasma was associated with a significantly increased risk of dying of natural causes during the follow-up period (Cox proportional hazard ratio of 4.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-17.31, P = .020) adjusted for age, gender, and other clinical and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasma infection may confer an increased risk for mortality from natural causes in schizophrenia. An understanding of the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma infections in individuals with schizophrenia might lead to new approaches to the management of this disorder.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Delirium with manic and psychotic features associated with amantadine

While clinicians are familiar with psychosis as a complication in the long-term treatment with amantadine, rapid psychiatric complications are of much less concern. In the case presented, severe decompensation in mental status occurred within 48 h of initiation of standard doses of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinicians should be alert not only for delayed complications but also for early-onset mental decompensation in elderly patients with influenza A treated with amantadine.     

Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in children with epilepsy and children with diabetes

This paper describes a study to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in two groups of children with chronic illness, one with epilepsy and the other diabetes. A total of 62 children with epilepsy and 91 children with diabetes were recruited from the total population of children aged 8–15 attending the epilepsy and diabetic clinics at a children's hospital over a 12 month period. Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment were assessed with the Harter and Achenbach Questionnaires respectively. The results showed the children with epilepsy were consistently more behaviourally disturbed and had lower self-esteem than children with diabetes. The independent completion of the questionnaires, (the Harter by the child and the Achenbach by the parents) increases the validity of the findings. Long duration of illness was the most consistent illness variable associated with poor behavioural adjustment in the two groups. The cross-sectional design of the study did not make it possible to draw any definite conclusions about the causal or temporal relationship between low self-esteem and behavioural disturbance. Once again, the potential value of prospective studies into the psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness is highlighted.     

Social Skills and Behavior Problems in Children with Disabilities with and without Siblings

This study examined social skills and behavior of children with disabilities (CWD) and the impact of siblings on these behaviors. Eighty-five CWD diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder only (ADHD-o), Learning Disability or Learning Problems (LD/LP), ADHD and LD combined (ADHD/LD) or Spina Bifida (SB) and their siblings were evaluated using standardized social skills and behavior rating scales. The ADHD-o group had significantly lower social skills and more behavior problems than the other groups. There was no recognized effect of the sibling relationship on the social skills and behavioral problems of either the CWD or their siblings. Birth order of the sibling dyads and diagnos(es) of siblings did not have significant influence on the social skills or behavior of CWD. ADHD is a significant risk factor for poor social skills and behavior problems, even when compared with other diagnoses that carry an increased risk of these same problems.     

Progressive encephalopathy with cerebral oedema and infarctions associated with valproate and diazepam overdose

Valproic Acid (VPA) in overdose is known to cause encephalopathy with or without cerebral odema, hyperammonaemia, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression and non gap acidosis. Most of these conditions are reversible. We report a 45-year-old man who suffered permanent disability from the non reversible effects of cerebral odema and infarctions associated with Valproate overdose which would have been aggravated by Diazepam. This patient’s presentation emphasizes the role of early detection and therapy of cerebral odema in Valproate and Diazepam overdose.     

Anxiety associated with hyperlipoproteinemia with and without obesity]

From the literature considered, it appears that the relationship between anxiety and lipoproteinemia is worth being further explored. Taking into account the relative weight of 277 male Belgian-French-speaking and Flemish-speaking subjects (type IV, lipidogram, Fredrickson classification), different levels of anxiety, depression, and modes of anxiety expression, are examined and compared, as a homogeneous sub-sample, to the main larger heterogeneous one. Type IV individuals are hypothesized and indeed observed to be anxious and to show intermediate (in-between) responses to the anxiety questionnaire (Cattell Anxiety Scale). Similarly, relative weights and lipid concentrations exhibit higher values than those observed on the whole sample. Within type IV individuals, psychological self-report scores and relative weight values are highly but negatively related: anxiety and depression are at the lowest by extremely overweighted subjects, and in-between response tendency is at the highest. Extending the conclusions at hand still requires additional comparisons with other lipidic types.