免疫性神经肌肉疾病研究进展

免疫性神经肌肉疾病主要是指累及周围神经、肌肉和神经肌肉接头的自身免疫性疾病,以特发性炎性肌病(II M)、吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)、慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发神经根神经病(CIDP)和重症肌无力(MG)等为代表。随着免疫学研究的快速发展,     

多发性硬化的免疫研究进展

多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis.MS)是一种病因不明的中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)自身免疫性疾病,以炎性脱髓鞘为主要特征,以髓鞘脱失、神经胶质细胞增生、不同程度的轴索病变为主要病理特点.     

p38MAPK对MMPs介导的EAN模型动物免疫损伤调控的研究进展

急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经炎即吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)是以周围神经和脊神经根,脱髓鞘和小血管周围淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞的炎性反应为病理特点的自身免疫性疾病,通常也会累及脑神经,主要临床表现为四肢对称性弛缓性瘫痪.     

恩再适联合皮质激素治疗多发性硬化周围神经损害的临床研究

<正>多发性硬化(MS)是一种免疫介导的以攻击中枢神经系统中髓鞘为特征的自身免疫性疾病,病理上以中枢神经系统白质中多发性炎性脱髓鞘和胶质增生所形成的硬化斑为特征,临床上则以缓解复发的神经系     

免疫疗法:神经系统疾病干预新策略

正在多发性硬化(MS)等经典神经系统免疫性疾病中,获得性自身免疫反应首先在外周被激活,随后靶向攻击神经系统而致病。随着研究的深入,学者发现脑血管病[如脑卒中、蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)]、神经变性病[如阿尔茨海默病(AD)、运动神经元病(MND)、帕金森病(PD)]、癫、自身免疫性脑炎(AE)、神经系统遗传性疾病、周围神经病、神经肌肉病等几乎所有神经系统疾病的发生与发展均有免疫机制参与,免疫因素致病现已成为神经系统疾病研究的热点,针对神经系统疾病免疫机制的治疗策略研究及转化研究如雨后春笋不断涌现。     

抗Hu抗体阳性副肿瘤性边缘叶脑炎1例报告及文献复习

正神经系统副肿瘤综合征(paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes,PNS)是指肿瘤在中枢神经系统和周围神经、肌肉系统出现的远隔效应,是一组针对神经系统某些靶抗原的自身免疫性疾病,如累及大脑边缘叶系统即表现为副肿瘤性边缘叶脑炎~([1])。在一些PNS患者血清和(或)脑脊液中可发现肿瘤神经抗体,特异性抗神经元抗体有抗Hu、抗Yo、抗CV2、抗Ri、抗Ma2等抗体,现将我院收治的1例抗Hu抗体阳性的副肿瘤性边缘叶脑炎患者病例报道如下,并结合相关文献进行     

200例多发性硬化临床分析

多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是以中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘病变为特点,遗传易感个体与环境因素作用发生的自身免疫性疾病.临床上以病变部位及发病次数的多发性为特点,病理上以中枢神经系统多灶性炎性脱髓鞘为特征.临床表现复杂,且不同种族以及不同地理位置的MS患者有不同的特点.该文报道总结200例MS患者临床特点的结果.     

流式细胞技术检测脑脊液T淋巴细胞亚群的临床应用前景

脑脊液T淋巴细胞亚群在多发性硬化(MS)、中枢神经系统感染性疾病、吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)及中枢神经系统血管炎等常见的神经系统免疫相关性疾病中有各自的分布特点.相对于手工计数法和免疫组化检测方法,应用流式细胞技术检测脑脊液T淋巴细胞亚群,在神经系统免疫相关性疾病的诊断方面有巨大的应用前景,此文对此做一综述.     

中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病相关抗体检测专家共识2022

中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病是以自身免疫细胞、自身抗体及其他免疫分子直接或间接攻击神经系统(包括神经元、胶质细胞、髓鞘)为主要致病机制的自身免疫性疾病。这一类疾病的早期鉴别诊断、疾病进展监测以及疗效预后评估等很大程度上依赖于实验室辅助检查。而国内中枢神经系统自身抗体检测方法学的选择和判读依据尚缺乏适合的标准或指导性规范, 迫切需要规范实验室诊断以更好地指导临床实践。为此, 中华医学会神经病学分会神经免疫学组基于国内外抗体检测技术进展和临床诊断需求, 并在充分征求学组专家意见的基础上形成了"中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病相关抗体检测专家共识2022"。本共识总结常见的中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病(以中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病和自身免疫性脑炎为例)实验室辅助检查的原理和传统检测方法, 对如何选择实验检查项目以及解读实验室检查的结果给出指导性建议。     

多发性硬化康复治疗

<正>多发性硬化(MS)是一种以中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘为主要病理改变的自身免疫性疾病,常见病变部位位于脑或脊髓,临床表现为病变多发和反复复发-缓解病程,即空间和时间多发性,以髓鞘脱失、神经胶质增生、不同程度轴索病变和进行性神经功能障碍为主要特点,常累及脑室周围白质、视神经、脊髓、脑干和小脑,尤以侧脑室体部和脊髓前角多     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging

Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.