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1.
Domino EF Evans CL Ni L Guthrie SK Koeppe RA Zubieta JK 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012,38(2):236-240
Objective
To determine if carriers of the allelic expression of the G variant of the human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism have greater increases in striatal dopamine (DA) release after tobacco smoking.Methods
Nineteen of 20 genotyped male tobacco smokers, after overnight abstinence, smoked denicotinized (denic) and average nicotine (nic) containing tobacco cigarettes in a PET brain imaging study using [11C]raclopride.Results
The right striatum had more free D2 receptors than the left striatum pre- and post-tobacco smoking. After smoking the nic cigarettes, mean decreased DA binding was observed in the left dorsal caudate (− 14 6 11; t = 3.77), left and right ventral putamen (− 26 3–8; t = 4.27; 28 2 1; t = 4.25, respectively), and right caudate (17 18 1; t = 3.92). The effects of A118G genotype on the binding potentials for these four regions were then analyzed. Carriers of the G allele had larger magnitudes of DA release in response to nic smoking than those homozygous for the more prevalent AA allele in the right caudate and right ventral pallidum (t = 3.03; p = 0.008 and t = 3.91; p = 0.001). A voxel by voxel whole brain SPM analysis using an independent samples t test did not reveal any other differences between genotype groups. In addition, the venous plasma cortisol levels of the volunteers from 8:30 a.m. to 12:40 p.m. were lower in the AG/GG allele carriers. Nic smoking increased plasma cortisol in both groups, but they were higher in the AA group.Conclusion
This preliminary study indicates a difference in both brain striatal DA release and plasma cortisol in A118G polymorphic male tobacco smokers. 相似文献2.
Sabine Pompia Bruno H.C. Grego Marcia Pradella-Hallinan Helena Hachul Sergio Tufik Vnia D'Almeida 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009,33(6):933-938
Purpose
High cortisol plasma concentrations have been shown to be associated with increases in homocysteine levels. Here we studied whether decreases in cortisol concentration, induced by an acute oral dose of a benzodiazepine, could decrease homocysteine, and if changes were similar in both genders.Methods
This was a double-blind, cross-over design study of acute oral flunitrazepam (1.2 mg) and placebo in young, healthy, male and female (n = 21) volunteers. Blood samples were collected 3 h after ingestion (after peak-plasma concentration of flunitrazepam was reached). Various biochemical parameters were analysed, such as plasma homocysteine, cysteine, folate, vitamins B6, B12, and sexual hormones.Results
Flunitrazepam reduced cortisol (p = 0.0011), cysteine (p = 0.014) and homocysteine (p = 0.028) concentrations, irrespective of gender. No correlations were found between cortisol and other biochemical markers (all r's < 0.03). Concentration of cysteine and homocysteine were negatively correlated with plasma flunitrazepam concentration, suggesting that changes in these amino acids might be related to the metabolism of this benzodiazepine.Conclusion
Acute administration of flunitrazepam decreases plasma homocysteine and cysteine by mechanisms that seem unrelated to changes in cortisol. Given the importance of homocysteine as a marker of life-threatening disorders, the mechanisms involved in the decrease of these amino acids are potential targets for clinical application. 相似文献3.
Steen NE Lorentzen S Barrett EA Lagerberg TV Hope S Larsson S Berg AO Agartz I Melle I Berg JP Andreassen OA 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(4):1100-1107
Objective
Our objective was to examine the cortisol release during a mental challenge in severe mental disorders versus healthy controls (HC), analyzing effects of sex, clinical characteristics and medication, and comparing Bipolar Disorder (BD) to Schizophrenia (SCZ).Methods
Patients with BD and SCZ (n = 151) were recruited from a catchment area. HC (n = 98) were randomly selected from the same area. Salivary samples were collected before and after a mental challenge and cortisol levels determined.Results
During the challenge there was an interaction between group and sex (P = 0.015) with male patients having a blunted cortisol release compared to male HC (P = 0.037). Cortisol change did not differ significantly between BD and SCZ. In all patients, the cortisol change correlated with number of psychotic episodes (r = − 0.23, P = 0.025), and in females patients, with number of depressive episodes (r = − 0.33, P = 0.015). Patients using antidepressants had a greater cortisol release during challenge than those not using antidepressants (P = 0.043).Conclusions
Male patients with severe mental disorders seem to have a uniform abnormal cortisol release during mental challenges which associates with clinical course, and with beneficial effects of antidepressants. 相似文献4.
Yi-lang Tang Wenbiao Li Kristina Mercer Bekh Bradley Charles F. Gillespie Robert Bonsall Kerry J. Ressler Joseph F. Cubells 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010,34(8):1245-1401
Background
Norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) converts dopamine (DA) to NE and its activity varies widely across individuals. Mustapic et al. (2007) reported a PTSD-associated deficit in serum DβH activity in a genotype-controlled analysis of combat veterans. We tested whether such a deficit would occur in a sample of civilians.Methods
The severity of current adult PTSD symptoms and current DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were determined by the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS). Adulthood trauma exposure was assessed using the Traumatic Experience Inventory (TEI). Serum DβH activity (sDβH) was assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection and genotypes were determined using the Taqman® platform.Results
Two hundred and twenty seven African American (AA) subjects were enrolled in this study, with a mean age (± SD) of 42.9 (± 12.9) years. We found a strong association between rs1611115 genotype and sDβH (p < 0.0001). After controlling for adulthood trauma exposure, there were no significant differences of sDβH between subjects who met a PTSD diagnosis and those who did not (p > 0.05) in any genotype group. No significant correlations were found between sDβH and PTSD severity, but sDβH significantly associated with the status of comorbid depression based on the cutoff of HAMD (p = 0.014) in subjects with PTSD.Conclusions
We have replicated in this sample the prior finding that DBH rs1611115 genotype strongly associates with sDβH. No associations between sDβH and PTSD diagnosis or symptom severity were found in this civilian sample. 相似文献5.
Ryu V An SK Ha RY Kim JA Ha K Cho HS 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012,38(2):194-200
Background
Various formal thought disorders are presented as symptoms by manic patients including pressure of speech, flight of ideas, and more complex speech with strong emotional components. N400 is the event-related potential, in which amplitude is suggested to be a general index of efforts to retrieve stored semantic context, which depends on the stored representation itself and the retrieval cue stimuli. The present study examines N400 components induced by a word-matching task in manic patients, and compare these responses to those induced by the task in schizophrenia and healthy controls.Methods
Twenty manic patients, twenty schizophrenic patients, and twenty healthy controls performed the word-matching task, in which they were presented with 120 (60 congruent and 60 incongruent) word pairs, they were instructed to discriminate whether each word pair was congruent or incongruent. During the task, we recorded the electroencephalogram.Results
Reaction time analysis revealed a main effect for priming, in which reaction times were longer in response to incongruent words than to congruent words in all three participant groups (F = 43.1, p < 0.001) with no group effects (F = 2.3, p = 0.11). N400 analysis showed the main effect for priming (F = 30.2, p < 0.001), for group (F = 5.0, p = 0.01), and the interaction of priming × group (F = 4.6, p = 0.02). Post-hoc analysis of this interaction revealed larger N400 amplitudes to congruent words in manic patients (F = 4.0, p = 0.02) and smaller N400 to incongruent words in schizophrenic patients than in other groups (F = 6.1, p = 0.004). No correlations were found between N400 and symptom severity within patient groups.Conclusions
These findings suggest that priming effects of contextually related word pairs are decreased in patients with bipolar mania, whereas priming N400 responses of contextually unrelated word pairs are increased in schizophrenia. This may be the neurophysiological evidence of abnormal automatic semantic processing in patients with bipolar mania, and it also reflects a qualitative difference in thought and speech disorders between bipolar manic and schizophrenia. 相似文献6.
Pavel Golubchik Tamar Mozes Yaffa Vered Abraham Weizman 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009,33(7):1223-1225
Objective
Accumulating data indicate the involvement of the serotonergic system in adolescent aggression. The aim of this study was to examine the platelet-poor plasma (PPP) serotonin (5-HT) levels among delinquent adolescent boys with conduct disorder (CD) in comparison with normal controls.Method
PPP 5-HT levels were measured in 16 male delinquent CD adolescents from a correctional facility and in 14 normal male adolescent controls. Severity of aggressive behavior was assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS).Results
Delinquent CD adolescents had higher PPP 5-HT levels (about 3-fold) than the normal controls (27.68 ± 32.29 vs. 7.76 ± 4.23 ng/ml, respectively, p = 0.027). In the delinquent CD adolescents a significant correlation was found between the PPP 5-HT levels and the CBCL and OAS aggressive scores (r = 0.68, p = 0.0034 and r = 0.59, p = 0.016, respectively).Conclusions
Juvenile delinquency is associated with high PPP 5-HT levels. Modulation of 5-HT neurotransmission may have a role in the symptomatology and treatment of severe adolescent CD. 相似文献7.
Crespo-Facorro B Roiz-Santiáñez R Pérez-Iglesias R Pelayo-Terán JM Rodríguez-Sánchez JM Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D Ramírez M Martínez O Gutiérrez A de Lucas EM Vázquez-Barquero JL 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2008,32(8):1936-1943
Background
The effect of antipsychotic drugs on brain morphology is under debate. Here we investigate the effects of risperidone, olanzapine and low doses of haloperidol on cortical and subcortical morphometry in first episode drug naïve patients with non-affective psychosis.Methods
Morphological variables were measured in three treatment groups (haloperidol = 18; risperidone = 16; olanzapine = 18) and in healthy subjects (N = 38) at baseline and after one year. The relationship between brain morphometric changes and changes in clinical scores was also assessed.Results
At one year, the three antipsychotics had had an equal effect on the gray matter cortical structure, overall and lobes (all p's > 0.121.). A significant time-by-group interaction was found in lateral ventricle volume (F2,47 = 5.65; p = 0.006). Post-hoc comparisons revealed a significant increase in lateral ventricles in patients treated with risperidone (p = 0.009).Patients exposed to atypicals (olanzapine and risperidone) exhibited a decrease in caudate nucleus volume (p = 0.001). In general, brain changes did not account in any significant manner for clinical changes over time in any treatment group.Conclusions
We conclude that low doses of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine seem to have an equal effect on the gray matter cortical structure after 1 year of treatment. In contrast to typical antipsychotics, atypicals have differential effects on lateral ventricle and caudate nucleus volumes. 相似文献8.
Raffaele Palmirotta Patrizia Ferroni Annalisa Savonarola Francesca Martini Filippo Ciatti Anastasia Laudisi Valentina Sini Girolamo Del Monte Fiorella Guadagni Mario Roselli 《Thrombosis research》2009,124(4):403-408
Introduction
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) may have an independent prognostic value in breast cancer (BC). PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism may have significance for antigen expression. Thus, we analyzed the possible associations between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, plasma PAI-1 levels, and clinicopathological features of breast cancer (BC) patients.Patients and Methods
PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism (both on germinal and tumor DNA) and plasma PAI-1 levels were investigated in 99 BC patients and 50 unrelated healthy women similar for age and menopausal status.Results
No association was found between allele frequencies and clinicopathological features of BC or plasma antigen levels. Plasma PAI-1 levels were higher in BC compared to controls (p = 0.002), particularly in patients with large tumors (p < 0.001). 5-year follow-up was achieved in 79 patients: 30% had relapsing disease, 63% with positive compared to 37% with negative PAI-1 levels (p < 0.05). 5-year relapse-free survival rate of positive PAI-1 was 46% vs., 77% of negative patients (p = 0.02).Conclusions
We may conclude that plasma PAI-1 levels in BC patients could represent a useful prognostic variable for relapse, although PAI-1 polymorphism might not represent a genetic susceptibility factor. 相似文献9.
Tabaee A Anand VK Barrón Y Hiltzik DH Brown SM Kacker A Mazumdar M Schwartz TH 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2009,111(2):119-122
Objective
Refinement of endoscopic pituitary surgery requires an understanding of the impact of demographic and surgical variables on outcomes.Methods
Multivariate logistic regression and ANOVA models were used to explore variables for association with outcomes in a consecutive series of 57 patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary surgery.Results
The mean duration of surgery was 177 min and was longer in patients with larger tumor size (p = 0.03) and presentation with visual symptoms (p = 0.02) in univariate analyses. The median duration of hospitalization was 3 days and was longer in patients with larger tumors (p = 0.0005). Gross tumor removal was achieved in 89%. Tumor size correlated with extent of tumor removal with an almost 3-fold decrease in complete tumor removal for every 1 cm increase in tumor size (p = 0.047). High rates of hormonal control (90%) and improvement in visual symptoms (92%) were noted.Conclusions
High rates of gross tumor removal, hormonal cure and visual field improvement were noted in this series. Markers including tumor size and visual symptoms may be used to stratify patients. 相似文献10.
Chi-Un Pae Prakash S. Masand David M. Marks Stan Krulewicz Kathleen Peindl Paolo Mannelli Ashwin A. Patkar 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009,33(6):996-1002