皮质下缺血性脑血管病白质改变与认知损害初探

目的:对皮质下缺血性脑血管病(SIVD)的临床特征、认知和MRI白质改变进行分析,初步探讨SIVD患者认知损害与MRI白质改变的关系。方法:经过访谈和详细查体,记录患者症状和体征,进行神经心理学评估并行头MRI扫描。依据Erkinjuntti提出MRI诊断标准确定SIVD患者29例。结果:认知正常者、血管性CIND患者和VaD患者的MMSE得分分别为(27.5±1.84)、(23.7±2.06)和(18±1.58)。随着认知功能损害程度的加重,其白质改变的评分增加,具有统计学显著差异。结论:SIVD患者的认知功能损害与其白质改变程度有关。     

皮质下缺血性脑血管病的神经心理学改变

概述皮质下缺血性脑血管病(subcortical ischemic vascular diseases,SIVD)是造成血管性认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)的重要原因,它所导致的认知损害是VCI中具有同质性和最为常见的亚型(皮质下型VCI)。VCI覆盖了从轻微的     

皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害患者注意功能障碍的临床研究

目的:观察皮质下缺血性血管性认知功能损害(SIVCI)患者注意亚型障碍的特征。方法:对30例非痴呆型SIVCI(SIVCIND)患者(SIVCIND组)、15例皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者(SIVD组)和15名健康志愿者(对照组)采用计算机上持续操作任务(CPT)、Stroop试验及双任务测试法测试持续注意、选择注意和分散注意功能。结果:与对照组比较,SIVD组CPT反应时延长,漏报率增加(P<0.05);SIVCIND组漏报率与对照组比较显著增加,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。SIVD患者冲突及中性条件下,反应时与错误率及干扰量均增加;SIVCIND患者Stroop试验冲突条件反应时延长(P<0.01)、双任务法耗时差无明显增加(P>0.05);SIVD患者耗时差增加(P<0.01)。结论:SIVCIND早期主要以持续:注意及选择注意功能损害为主,晚期则持续注意、选择注意和分散注意功能普遍受累。     

伴认知功能障碍的皮质下缺血性血管病患者头部MRI特点

目的 探讨皮质下血管性认知功能障碍（subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment,SIVD-CI）患者脑萎缩的磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）特点。方法 本研究观察对象为2020年1月～2022年6月间招募的76例皮质下缺血性血管病（sub-cortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD）患者,根据简易智能精神状态量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）评分设为SIVD-CI组（41例）以及对照组（35例）。进行3.0T头颅MRI扫描,采用视觉等级评分对额叶、颞叶、顶叶的萎缩情况以及脑白质疏松情况进行评价,并分析SIVD-CI组患者的脑萎缩情况与MMSE评分之间的相关性。结果 SIVD-CI组*叶的萎缩程度评分以及脑萎缩总分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;SIVDCI组*叶的萎缩程度评分以及脑萎缩总分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;SIVD-CI组患者MMSE评分与脑萎缩总分、脑白质疏松总分呈负相关（P<0....     

皮质下缺血性脑血管病MRI与血管性痴呆的相关性研究

目的:探索皮质下缺血性脑血管病MRI表现与血管性痴呆之间的关系。方法:对比分析了皮质下多发梗死28例痴呆患者和33例非痴呆患者的MRI表现,采用Logistic回归分析皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆的影像学相关高危因素。结果:痴呆组中顶叶皮质下、内囊膝部和丘脑的梗死发生率,顶叶皮质下、侧脑室体旁前部、内囊膝部和丘脑平均梗死数目,4级LA的出现率以及所有脑萎缩指标均明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。但Logistic回归后,只有平均脑沟宽度、侧脑室指数和丘脑梗死的数目进入了方程。结论:皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆可能与脑萎缩的程度和丘脑梗死的数目密切相关。     

皮质下缺血性脑血管病的临床特点和危险因素

目的 研究皮质下缺血性脑血管病（SIVD）在缺血性卒中患者中的发病率、临床特点和危险因素。方法 门诊连续登记的526例发病3个月后的卒中患者入选该研究。对入选患者进行多种神经心理学和功能量表评定以及神经影像学评估,并记录人口学资料、卒中临床特点和血管危险因素。结果 526例患者中,SIVD患者110例（20.9%）,其中男性占61.8%,平均年龄66.8±10.5岁。高血压是最常见的危险因素（80.0%）,其次是血脂异常和吸烟史,分别为52.7%和40.9%,有57.3%的患者有2个以上的危险因素。32.7%的患者有抑郁障碍。用Lawton FAQ量表评定显示工具性日常生活能力下降的SIVD患者53人（48.0%）,用Barthel 指数（BI）测定显示日常生活能力下降者14人（12.8%）。49例（44.5%）有血管性认知功能损害,其中26例（23.6%）符合血管性痴呆标准。结论 缺血性卒中患者中,SIVD约占1/5,SIVD患者认知损害、抑郁、工具性日常生活能力受累较常见,并伴有多种危险因素。     

缺血性脑血管病认知推理障碍的研究

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者认知推理能力损害情况,为血管性认知障碍的早期诊断要点提供线索.方法 利用神经心理学检查方法 对75例缺血性脑血管病患者和30例健康对照者进行简明精神智能量表(MMSE)、瑞文标准推理测验联合型(CRT)检查.结果 缺血性脑血管病组的MMSE总分和CRT检查得分明显差于健康对照组(P<0.01).75例缺血性脑血管病组出现推理障碍者54例(72%).MMSE得分高者对应的瑞文推理测验IQ得分也高,相关分析呈正相关(r=0.647, P<0.01).结论 缺血性脑血管病后出现推理障碍相当普遍,不容忽视.     

皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害的特点

目的 观察皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害(subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment,SIVCI)患者各阶段认知损害特点,研究其神经心理学损害特征及可能的病理生理机制.方法 对45例SIVCI患者(其中30例非痴呆型皮质下缺血性认知损害患者、15例皮质下缺血性痴呆患者)和15名年龄、性别和教育程度匹配的正常对照,运用蒙特利尔认知测评量表和简易精神状态检查量表检测总体认知功能.结果 与对照组比较,非痴呆型皮质下缺血性认知损害组患者仅执行(2.70±1.34 vs 4.53±0.75)、注意(3.47±1.22 vs 5.07±0.78)和延迟回忆(3.00±1.11 vs 4.53±0.64)等认知功能水平降低 (P<0.05),抽象(1.33±0.72 vs 1.73±0.46)、定向(4.33±1.27 vs 5.20±0.77)、命名能力(2.10±0.80 vs 2.33±0.72)、语言重复及流畅性(2.07±0.69 vs 2.47±0.74)等认知功能水平无明显降低(P>0.05);皮质下缺血性痴呆组执行(1.87±1.06 vs 4.53±0.75)、注意(2.33±1.05 vs 5.07±0.78)、延迟回忆(1.80±1.27 vs 4.53±0.64)、抽象(0.93±0.88 vs 1.73±0.46)和定向(2.00±1.20 vs 5.20±0.77)等认知功能水平均降低(P<0.05),命名能力(1.87±1.74 vs 2.33±0.72)、语言重复及流畅性(1.93±0.70 vs 2.47±0.74)等认知功能水平无明显改变(P>0.05).结论 SICVI患者执行、注意、延迟回忆等皮质下认知功能较早受累且受损害程度较重,可能与缺血性小血管病变损害脑深部白质中认知纤维环路有关.     

神经心理测试及P300对皮质下缺血性脑血管病伴认知功能障碍患者评估研究

目的研究神经心理测试及听觉事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)P300在皮质下缺血性脑血管病(subcortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD)伴不同程度认知功能障碍的临床应用价值。方法 92例SIVD患者,其中血管性无痴呆型认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment no dementia,VCIND)45例,血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)47例,同时选取45例未发生脑梗死及认知功能障碍的正常人作为对照组。分别对2组患者住院治疗前及正常对照组进行神经心理测试认知评估量表MMSE、MoCA评分和听觉事件相关电位P300检测。结果入院治疗前,VCIND组、VaD组简易精神状态检查(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均较正常组偏低(P0.05),VCIND组较VaD组偏低(P0.05),P300检测:与正常对照组潜伏期(318.689±16.123)ms相比,VCIND组患者潜伏期(360.667±16.082)ms,VaD组患者潜伏期(420.333±21.149)ms,各组间听觉事件相关电位P300潜伏期差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SIVD患者存在认知功能损害,以执行功能障碍为主,ERP-P300测试能客观反映VCIND患者早期认知功能障碍,P300潜伏期与MMSE及MoCA有相关性,有利于VCIND早期的诊断。     

高压氧联合天智颗粒治疗皮质下缺血性脑血管病合并认知功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察高压氧(HBO)联合天智颗粒治疗皮质下缺血性脑血管病伴认知功能障碍的疗效。方法选取我科收治的60例SIVD患者,其中血管性无痴呆型认知损害30例,血管性痴呆30例,同时选取30例未发生脑梗死及认知功能障碍的正常人作为对照组,2组均给予高压氧联合天智颗粒治疗,均治疗40d,治疗前后2组均采用神经心理测试认知评估量表MMSE、MoCA评分和听觉事件相关电位P300检测。结果 2组治疗后MMSE、MoCA评分均有明显提高,P300潜伏期缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后VCIND组较正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义,VD组较正常对照相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HBO联合天智颗粒治疗SIVD合并认知障碍有效,其中VCIND效果更佳,SIVD合并认知障碍早期治疗更为重要,MMSE、MoCA评分、P300可作为疗效评价的工具。     

线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病患者脑萎缩及其与认知损害的相关性分析

目的通过线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者脑萎缩,分析其与认知功能损害的相关性。方法共纳入SIVD组50例,健康对照组50例。所有入组对象均完成一般情况评定、Mo CA量表评估认知功能、头颅MRI检查,线性法进行脑萎缩测量。结果 SIVD组代表脑室系统横径的测量值及脑沟测量值,除桥池宽度外,均较对照组显著增大(P 0. 05)。SIVD组的脑萎缩测量相对值除脑干指数外,均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。SIVD组双侧侧脑室两额角间最宽距离、双侧侧脑室额角两侧尾状核头间最小距离、第三脑室宽度、双侧侧脑室腰部外侧壁最小距离与Mo CA评分呈显著负相关(P 0. 05)。SIVD组脑萎缩测量相对值中的额角指数、尾状核指数、哈氏值、第三脑室宽度与视空间能力、计算力、延迟记忆和定向力均呈负相关(P 0. 05)。结论 SIVD患者存在明显的皮质和皮质下萎缩,并与认知功能损害相关。哈氏值、额角指数、尾状核指数、第三脑室宽度可作为SIVD患者脑萎缩的预测指标,提示执行功能/视空间及计算力、记忆力的损害。     

Neuropsychiatric predictors of conversion to dementia both in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and those with subcortical vascular MCI

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific neuropsychiatric domains could predict a conversion to dementia in those patients either with amnestic subtype of mild MCI (aMCI) or subcortical vascular MCI (svMCI).

Methods

At baseline, all subjects underwent neuropsychological tests, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and MRI. We compared the baseline NPI scores between converters (CV) and non-converters (NCV) both in the aMCI and svMCI groups.

Results

The mean follow-up duration was 16.74 ± 8.02 months (range: 4.2–43.9). At the second time point, about 30% of aMCI and svMCI patients converted to dementia with 7.5% of aMCI patients exhibiting improvement to normal cognitive state. In female aMCI patients, those who later improved to normal cognition exhibited higher baseline depression scores than the CV group. However, baseline depression scores were higher in the CV group than the NCV group in svMCI patients, and this difference was significant only in males.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that depression might serve as a predictive marker of conversion to dementia in patients with svMCI, albeit only in males. On the other hand, patients who later improved to normal cognition showed higher scores of depression at baseline in female aMCI patients, suggesting that longer follow-ups are warranted in female patients with aMCI and depression.     

Motor intentional disorders in vascular mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia of subcortical type

Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI), a prodromal stage of subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD), is primarily associated with frontal injuries, whereas amnestic MCI (aMCI) is associated with temporoparietal injuries. Twenty-seven patients with svMCI, 20 with aMCI, 14 with SVaD, and 10 normal controls underwent motor intentional tasks (force initiation, development, maintenance, and termination) using a force dynamometer. Of the four motor intentional tasks, the maintenance task proved sensitive in differentiating svMCI from aMCI. In most motor intentional tasks, performances of svMCI patients were intermediate between those of controls and SVaD patients (initiation and termination: NC=aMCI=svMCI>SVaD; development: NC>aMCI=svMCI>SVaD; maintenance: NC=aMCI>svMCI=SVaD).     

皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害扩散张量成像研究

目的通过扩散张量成像(DTI)探讨皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害患者白质微结构变化及其与认知功能之间的相关性。方法采集49例皮质下缺血性脑血管病患者[轻度血管性痴呆(VaD)10例、非痴呆型血管性认知损害(VCIND)20例、认知功能正常19例]DTI数据并观察皮质下白质微结构改变,分析VaD组患者DTI参数与认知功能间的相关性。结果与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶、双侧眶额叶,以及VCIND组右侧额下回、右侧海马、双侧楔前叶FA值减低(均P=0.000);与VCIND组比较,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶FA值减低(P=0.000)。与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶、前扣带回,以及VCIND组双侧楔前叶、右侧海马MD值升高(均P=0.000);与VCIND组相比,VaD组右侧内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶MD值升高(均P=0.000)。VaD组内侧前额叶FA值与数字连线测验A时呈显著负相关(r=-0.782,P=0.007),双侧额下回MD值与数字连线试验A时程呈显著正相关(r=0.877,P=0.001)。结论 DTI对皮质下缺血性认知损害患者白质微结构改变更敏感,能够反映患者认知功能早期异常改变;内侧前额叶白质微结构的改变是影响患者执行能力的重要因素。     

血管性认知功能障碍患者经颅多普勒超声血流动力学变化与认知功能的关系

目的探讨轻度血管性认知功能障碍(m VCI)患者TCD血流动力学变化与认知功能的关系。方法依据Erkinjuntti的MRI诊断标准入选的皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者115例,根据神经心理学评估分为血管性认知障碍(VCI)组和认知正常组。使用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)进行颅内血流动力学检查。最后分析患者的Mo CA评分与大脑中大动脉(MCA)和大脑前动脉(ACA)的搏动指数(PI)、平均血流(Vm)的相关性。结果对于两组患者的MCA-PI和ACA-PI进行比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组患者之间的MCA-Vm和ACA-Vm比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MCA-PI和SIVD患者的认知损害呈线性相关,回归方程Y=38.783-7.823 X_1,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 MCA-PI与SIVD患者Mo CA评分线性相关。SIVD患者的PI越高,相对应其认知障碍程度越严重。     

Clinical significance of subcortical vascular disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) typically present with memory complaints. Some of these patients have subcortical vascular disease on computed tomography (CT) scan, namely white matter changes and lacunar infarcts, however it is not known whether these findings are associated with more pronounced cognitive deficits. In the present study we compare demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of MCI patients according to the presence or the absence of subcortical vascular disease. Forty consecutive patients with memory complaints, at least one neuropsychological memory test below 1 SD the normal for age and education, and maintained activities of daily living, were included. Patients with dementia, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, or other brain disorders, were excluded. Twenty-five (62.5%) patients with MCI had no ischemic lesions on CT scan, and 15 (37.5%) were found to have subcortical vascular changes. MCI patients with subcortical vascular changes were older (77.1 +/- 6.8 vs. 70.8 +/- 7.5 years old), and more often males. The number of vascular risk factors, the frequency of neurological signs, the Hachinski score and the neuropsychological tests scores were not significantly different. The presence of subcortical vascular disease on CT scan is frequent in older patients with MCI, but does not appear to be associated with the severity of cognitive deficits.     

Impact of regional white matter lesions on cognitive function in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment

Abstract

Objectives:

Exact characterization and localization of white matter lesions (WMLs) as they relate and contribute to vascular cognitive impairment is highly debated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of WML on cognitive function by using a new anatomy-based classification method.

Methods:

We detected WML accurately by using a three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D FLAIR) imaging technique and subsequently segmented WMLs by using an anatomy-based method. Participants included 56 consecutive patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SubVCI). The volume of WMLs in different anatomic regions was measured. The volume of the hippocampus, the corpus callosum (CC), any lacunar infarcts, total gray matter (GM), and total brain volumes were also calculated.

Results:

Hippocampal (P = 0·005) as well as temporal WML volumes (P = 0·039) were both independently associated with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score. Only the parietal WML volume (P = 0·000) was independently associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Frontal WMLs were independently correlated with executive function. Occipital WMLs were independently associated with visuospatial and recall function. Language impairment was independently correlated with both parietal GM and parietal WML volume. Functions related to orientation were independently associated with parietal WML volume.

Discussion:

The volume of WMLs in the temporal region as well as in the hippocampus were both independently associated with MMSE score. For the MoCA score, however, only parietal WML volumes were independently correlated. White matter lesions within different anatomic regions were separately correlated with different subdomains of cognitive function.     

小血管病性血管性认知障碍非痴呆型患者神经心理学特征的研究

目的通过系列神经心理学测试对小血管病性血管性认知障碍非痴呆型(VCIND-SVD)患者的神经心理学特征进行分析,寻找适用于VCIND-SVD患者的敏感且简捷的神经心理评估工具。方法VCIND-SVD患者33例,正常对照组40例,进行MMSE及多个包括5个认知域在内的神经心理学测试,确定VCIND-SVD患者受损的认知域,筛选出识别能力较好的单项测试,检测其敏感度和特异度,以便临床使用。结果VCIND-SVD患者为多个认知域损害,包括记忆力、注意力、语言功能、视空间结构技能及执行功能均有损害;即刻逻辑记忆测试、积木测试、伦敦塔完成时间及计划时间等检测项目能敏感反映这些损害。结论各单项测试的综合对VCIND-SVD具有较强的识别能力,有重要的应用价值。     

遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍的执行功能损害

目的探讨遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患者执行功能变化的特点。方法依据Miyake的执行功能三因素模型(工作记忆、任务转换、反应抑制),使用E-prime软件对这三种执行功能核心成分编写检测任务:利用2-back任务和Keep-track任务检测工作记忆,Stop-signal任务和Stroop任务检测反应抑制,More-odd shift-ing任务检测任务转换能力。在34例遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairement,aMCI)患者和31例正常老年人中进行这些任务的检测,比较两组间执行功能差异的特点。结果 aMCI组的执行功能比对照组显著降低(Wilks′λ=0.567,P﹤0.01)。除Stroop任务的数据两组间没有明显差异之外,aMCI组的2-back任务、Keep-track任务、Stop-signal任务、More-odd shifting任务的成绩均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但这4种任务成绩下降的程度彼此间没有显著差异。结论aMCI阶段已经出现了执行功能的全面损害,三种执行功能核心成分均有受损。