人骨髓间充质干细胞向多巴胺神经元分化的体外研究

目的探讨人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSC)向神经元和多巴胺神经元分化的潜能。方法分离和纯化hMSCs;在体外以WHI-P131预处理和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子预诱导后,全反式维甲酸和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子联合诱导hMSCs向神经元和多巴胺神经元分化。光镜下观察其分化过程中hMSCs的形态变化,免疫组化检测诱导前后细胞是否表达神经元和多巴胺能神经元标志蛋白。结果诱导后的hMSCs能分化成为具有典型神经元形态的细胞,并明显表达抗人神经巢蛋白(nestin)[(54.2±3.7)%]和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)[(77.0±5.7)%],低表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)[(8.8±2.4)%];对照组细胞这些表达均为阴性;而且相当部分hMSCs表达酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)[(36.5±15.8)%]和多巴胺转运体(DAT)[(26.0±14.2)%]。结论在适当条件下,hMSCs可分化成为神经元样细胞和多巴胺神经元样细胞。     

Differentiation of fetal pancreatic stem cells into neuron-like and islet-like cells in vitro

Pancreatic stem cells were isolated and cultured from aborted human fetal pancreases of gestational age 14-20 weeks. They were seeded at a density of 1 × 104 in serum-free media for differentiation into neuron-like cells, expressing β-tubulin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These neuron-like cells displayed a synapse-like morphology and appeared to form a neuronal network. Pancreatic stem cells were also seeded at a density of 1 × 105 for differentiation into islet-like cells, expressing insulin and glucagon, with an islet-like morphology. These cells had glucose-stimulated secretion of human insulin and C-peptide. Results suggest that pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into neuron-like and islet-like cells.     

Autophagy and apoptosis during adult adipose- derived stromal cells differentiation into neuron-like cells in vitro

β-mercaptoethanol can induce adult adipose-derived stromal cells to rapidly and efficiently differentiate into typical neuron-like cells in vitro.Immunohistochemistry showed that neuron specific enolase and neurofilament-200 expression gradually increased with the extension of induction time,and peaked at 5 hours.By contrast,glial fibrillary acidic protein was negatively expressed at all time points.Induced cells possessed a typical Nissl body,apoptosis showing condensed chromatin in the nucleus,autophagosomes with a bilayered membrane and autolysosomes in the cytoplasm at 5 hours.TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that apoptosis and caspase-3 expression increased and peaked at 8 hours.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 gradually increased with induction and reached a peak at 5 hours.These results indicate that autophagy played an important role in protecting cells during adult adipose-derived stromal cells differentiation into neuron-like cells in vitro.     

Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells by Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Human adipose tissues are an ideal source of stem cells. It is important to find inducers that can safely and effectively differentiate stem cells into functional neurons for clinical use. In this study, we investigate the use of Radix Angelicae Sinensis as an inducer of neuronal differentiation. Primary human adipose-derived stem cells were obtained from adult subcutaneous fatty tissue, then pre-induced with 10% Radix Angelicae Sinensis injection for 24 hours, and incubated in serum-free Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 containing 40% Radix Angelicae Sinensis to induce its differentiation into neuron-like cells. Butylated hydroxyanisole, a common in- ducer for neuronal differentiation, was used as the control. After human adipose-derived stem cells differentiated into neuron-like cells under the induction of Radix Angelicae Sinensis for 24 hours, the positive expression of neuron-specific enolase was lower than that of the butylated hydroxyani- sole-induced group, and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was negative. Alter they were induced for 48 hours, the positive expression of neuron specific enolase in human adipose-derived stem cells was significantly higher than that of the butylated hydroxyanisole-induced group. Our experimental findings indicate that Radix Angelicae Sinensis can induce human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells and produce less cytotoxicity.     

依达拉奉体外定向诱导人间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化

背景：依达拉奉作为新型氧自由基清除剂,一般用于抑制脂质过氧化反应,减轻脑水肿,保护神经细胞。 目的：观察依达拉奉体外定向诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化的可行性。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外观察,于2007-12/2008-09广东医学院附属医院中心实验室完成。 材料：骨髓来源于创伤所致闭合性股骨骨折的成年患者,由广东医学院附属医院骨科提供。依达拉奉由南京先声药业生产,批号P2007123144254453。 方法：无菌抽取的骨髓经肝素化后,采用密度梯度离心法及贴壁筛选法分离获得人骨髓间充质干细胞,传至第5代按1× 108 L-1接种于6孔板内,设立2组,依达拉奉组细胞达50%融合时用含碱性成纤维生长因子、胎牛血清的L-DMEM预诱导24 h,PBS洗涤后再用20 mg/L依达拉奉无血清L-DMEM诱导24 h;空白对照组始终用含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM培养,不加任何预诱导剂和诱导剂。 主要观察指标：诱导分化后细胞形态变化,SP法免疫细胞化学鉴定神经元烯醇化酶、巢蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白及微管相关蛋白2的表达。 结果：体外诱导1 h后,依达拉奉组胞体收缩,2 h后形成较长突起,5 h后呈典型神经元样细胞;空白对照组细胞仍呈对称的梭形,无突起形成。免疫组化结果显示,诱导6 h后依达拉奉组神经元样细胞的胞体及部分突起呈棕黄色,强表达神经元烯醇化酶,弱表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白和巢蛋白,不表达微管相关蛋白2;空白对照组上述4种特异性抗原均呈阴性表达。 结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞经依达拉奉体外诱导后,所分化的细胞具有神经元表型,但还不够成熟,处于向成熟神经元分化的中间阶段。     

Thrombospondin 1 promotes synaptic formation in bone marrow-derived neuron-like cells

In this study, a combination of growth factors was used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neuron-like cells, in a broader attempt to observe the role of thrombospondin 1 in synapse formation. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the differentiation rate of neuron-like cells between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with thrombospondin induction and those without. However, the cell shape was more complex and the neurites were dendritic, with unipolar, bipolar or multipolar morphologies, after induction with thrombospondin 1. The induced cells were similar in morphology to normal neurites. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of positive cells for postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin 1 protein was significantly increased after induction with thrombospondin 1. These findings indicate that thrombospondin 1 promotes synapse formation in neuron-like cells that are differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.     

人胎盘间充质干细胞体外向胆碱能样神经元的分化*

背景：胎盘中含有与骨髓中类似的间充质干细胞,也可能具有多向分化能力。 目的：探讨人胎盘间充质干细胞体外能否定向诱导分化为胆碱能样神经元。 方法：采用酶消化法分离培养人胎盘间充质干细胞,传至第4代,先用胎牛血清+碱性成纤维细胞生长因子诱导培养2 d,然后分为3组：方案Ⅰ加入含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、2-巯基乙醇、维甲酸、神经生长因子的DMEM/F12继续诱导19 d;方案Ⅱ在其基础上,诱导液中另加入表皮生长因子、Heparin;阴性对照组仅加入含胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,不添加任何诱导剂。 结果与结论：胎盘组织消化后获得的贴壁细胞,经2周培养后逐渐形成扁平单层细胞,呈平行排列或漩涡样成簇生长,为梭形,传至第3代细胞形态较均一。第4代人胎盘间充质干细胞强表达CD44,CD29,不表达CD34,CD45,CD106及HLA-DR。人胎盘间充质干细胞经方案Ⅰ和方案Ⅱ诱导2周后,均可检测到nestin、chat mRNA的表达,且chat,Ache,nestin阳性率显著高于阴性对照组细胞(P < 0.05)。与阴性对照组比较,经两种方案诱导的人胎盘间充质干细胞培养上清液中乙酰胆碱浓度均明显升高(P < 0.05),且方案Ⅰ诱导组升高幅度明显大于方案Ⅱ诱导组(P < 0.05)。提示联合多种生长因子分阶段进行诱导,人胎盘间充质干细胞可在体外分化为具有合成及释放降解乙酰胆碱能力的胆碱能样神经元细胞。     

Effects of neurotrophin-3 on the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes

In this study,cells from the cerebral cortex of fetal rats at pregnant 16 days were harvested and cultured with 20 μg/L neurotrophin-3.After 7 days of culture,immunocytochemical staining showed that,22.4% of cells were positive for nestin,10.5% were positive for β-III tubulin(neuronal marker),and 60.6% were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein,but no cells were positive for O4(oligodendrocytic marker).At 14 days,there were 5.6% nestin-,9.6% β-III tubulin-,81.1% glial fibrillary acidic protein-,and 2.2% O4-positive cells.In cells not treated with neurotrophin-3,some were nestin-positive,while the majority showed positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein.Our experimental findings indicate that neurotrophin-3 is a crucial factor for inducing neural stem cells differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes.     

In vitro differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells into neuronal-like cells

Adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells were co-cultured with untreated or Aβ1-40-treated PC12 cells, or grown in supernatant derived from untreated or Aβ1-40-treated PC12 cells. Analysis by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR showed that protein levels of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, and mRNA levels of miR/125a/3p were decreased, while expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 and neuron specific enolase was increased. In comparison, the generation of neuron specific enolas...     

Correlation between receptor-interacting protein 140 expression and directed differentiation of human embr yonic stem cells into neural stem cells

Overexpression of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) promotes neuronal differentiation of N2a cells via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. However, involvement of RIP140 in human neural differentiation remains unclear. We found both RIP140 and ERK1/2 expression increased during neural differentiation of H1 human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, RIP140 negatively correlat-ed with stem cell markers Oct4 and Sox2 during early stages of neural differentiation, and positively correlated with the neural stem cell marker Nestin during later stages. hTus, ERK1/2 signaling may provide the molecular mechanism by which RIP140 takes part in neural differentiation to eventually affect the number of neurons produced.     

Citalopram increases the differentiation efifcacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells

Several studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can promote neuronal cell proliferation and enhance neuroplasticity both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can promote the neuronal differentiation of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Citalopram strongly enhanced neuronal characteristics of the cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of cell death was decreased in citalopram-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than in control cells in neurobasal medium. In addition, the cumulative population doubling level of the citalopram-treated cells was signiifcantly increased compared to that of control cells. Also BrdU incorporation was elevated in citalopram-treated cells. These ifndings suggest that citalopram can improve the neuronal-like cell differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing cell proliferation and survival while maintaining their neuronal characteristics.     

Research progress in muscle-derived stem cells Literature retrieval results based on international database

OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science, Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Clinical Trials registry database (ClinicalTrials.gov). DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrievals for MDSCs from 2002 to 2011 using the Web of Science, NIH, and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: (1) Web of Science: (a) peer-reviewed articles on MDSCs that were published and indexed in the Web of Science. (b) Type of articles: original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material and news items. (c) Year of publication: 2002-2011. (d) Citation databases: Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E), 1899-present; Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S), 1991-present; Book Citation Index-Science (BKCI-S), 2005-present. (2) NIH: (a) Projects on MDSCs supported by the NIH. (b) Fiscal year: 1988-present. (3) ClinicalTrials.gov: All clinical trials relating to MDSCs were searched in this database. Exclusion criteria: (1) Web of Science: (a) Articles that required manual searching or telephone access. (b) We excluded documents that were not published in the public domain. (c) We excluded a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. (d) We excluded articles from the following databases: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), 1898-present; Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), 1975-present; Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH), 1991-present; Book Citation Index - Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH), 2005-present; Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-EXPANDED), 1985-present; Index Chemicus (IC), 1993-present. (2) NIH: (a) We excluded publications related to MDSCs that were supported by the NIH. (b) We limited the keyword search to studies that included MDSCs within the title or abstract. (3) ClinicalTrials.gov: (a) We excluded clinical trials that were not in the ClinicalTrials.gov database. (b) We excluded clinical trials that dealt with stem cells other than MDSCs in the ClinicalTrials.gov database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Type of literature; (2) annual publication output; (3) distribution according to journals; (4) distribution according to country; (5) distribution according to institution; (6) top cited authors over the last 10 years; (7) projects financially supported by the NIH; and (8) clinical trials registered. RESULTS: (1) In all, 802 studies on MDSCs appeared in the Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, almost half of which derived from American authors and institutes. The number of studies on MDSCs has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers on MDSCs appeared in journals with a particular focus on cell biology research, such as Experimental Cell Research, Journal of Cell Science, and PLoS One. (2) Eight MDSC research projects have received over US$6 billion in funding from the NIH. The current project led by Dr. Johnny Huard of the University of Pittsburgh-"Muscle-Based Tissue Engineering to Improve Bone Healing"-is supported by the NIH. Dr. Huard has been the most productive and top-cited author in the field of gene therapy and adult stem cell research in the Web of Science over last 10 years. (3) On ClinicalTrials.gov, "Muscle Derived Cell Therapy for Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Induced Incontinence" Phase 1 is registered and sponsored by Johns Hopkins University and has been led by Dr. John P. Gearhart since November 2009. CONCLUSION: From our analysis of the literature and research trends, we found that MDSCs may offer further benefits in regenerative medicine.     

人参皂苷Rg1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞的作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1在体外能否诱导Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。方法通过贴壁法分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增,人参皂苷Rg1诱导分化,光镜下观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达,RT-PCR检测细胞NGF mRNA的表达。结果大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可通过贴壁法成功分离并可以在体外大量扩增。人参皂苷Rg1诱导72h后,部分骨髓间充质干细胞（35．57％±3．59％）转变为神经元样细胞,免疫细胞化学染色NSE呈阳性,分化的神经元样细胞可能表达NGF mRNA。结论人参皂苷Rg1可以在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞,并且可能表达NGF mRNA。     

Caveolin-1 downregulation promotes the dopaminergic neuron-like differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Previous studies have shown that caveolin-1 is involved in regulating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, its role in the differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caveolin-1 regulates the differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic-like neurons. We also examined whether the expression of caveolin-1 could be modulated by RNA interference technology to promote the differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic-like neurons. The differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons was evaluated morphologically and by examining expression of the markers tyrosine hydroxylase, Lmx1 a and Nurr1. The analyses revealed that during the differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, the expression of caveolin-1 is decreased. Notably, the downregulation of caveolin-1 promoted the differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic-like neurons, and it increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, Lmx1 a and Nurr1. Together, our findings suggest that caveolin-1 plays a negative regulatory role in the differentiation of dopaminergic-like neurons from stem cells, and it may therefore be a potential molecular target for strategies for regulating the differentiation of these cells. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University of China(approval No. PJ-KS-KY-2020-54) on March 7, 2017.     

多因子联合诱导脂肪组织源性干细胞分化为神经元样细胞

背景：国内均可见有探讨脂肪干细胞向神经元诱导分化的相关研究报道,但运用差速贴壁法纯化脂肪组织源性干细胞,多因子联合诱导脂肪组织源性干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的研究鲜有报道。 目的：观察多因子联合诱导和分步诱导方案诱导大鼠脂肪组织源性干细胞体外分化为神经元样细胞的可行性。 方法：取SD雄性大鼠腹股沟和附睾脂肪垫脂肪组织,酶消化法分离、差速贴壁法纯化脂肪组织源性干细胞。免疫荧光细胞化学法鉴定脂肪组织源性干细胞(CD44,CD49d,CD106);“鸡尾酒”式神经元诱导培养基对脂肪组织源性干细胞进行诱导分化,并用免疫荧光细胞化学法鉴定(Nestin和NeuN)分化结果。 结果与结论：大鼠腹股沟和附睾脂肪垫脂肪组织内分离、原代培养的脂肪组织源性干细胞形态均一,呈长梭形,细胞核椭圆形,核仁明显,细胞质染色浅,呈旋涡状克隆样生长;CD44和CD49d阳性表达而CD106阴性;诱导培养基内培养6 h后脂肪组织源性干细胞呈锥体形或不规则,有短而细的指状突起;24 h后多数细胞显示类神经元的形态学特征,且Nestin和NeuN阳性。提示肪组织源性干细胞在多因子“鸡尾酒”式培养基内可向神经元方向分化。