早期颅骨修补对行去骨瓣减压术的脑损伤及脑出血患者预后的影响研究

目的研究早期颅骨修补对行去骨瓣减压术的脑损伤及脑出血患者的术前术后神经功能缺损评分及并发症的影响。 方法选取深圳市宝安区沙井人民医院神经外科自2016年1月至2018年5月收治的76例行去骨瓣减压术的脑损伤及脑出血患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将入组患者分为早期组（35例）和对照组（41例），早期组在去骨瓣减压术后4~6周内实施颅骨修补，对照组在术后3~6个月后实施修颅骨修补，对比2组患者术前术后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、术后并发症发生情况以及日常生活能力评分（ADL）和肢体运动功能评分（Fugl-Meyer）。 结果治疗前2组患者的NIHSS评分、ADL评分及Fugl-Meyer评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后2组患者的NIHSS评分均显著下降（P<0.05），且早期组的NIHSS评分显著低于对照组；早期组的ADL评分和Fugl-Meyer评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；早期组的并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论颅脑损伤患者实施去骨瓣减压术后，早期实施颅骨修补能够显著改善患者的神经功能缺损状况，并有助于降低术后并发症的发生，对于患者的临床治疗和预后恢复具有积极的影响。     

钛网修补颅骨缺损87例报告

目的总结钛网修补颅骨缺损的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析87例颅骨修补术患者的临床资料,按颅骨缺损修补时间分为早期修补组(3个月内修补)和晚期修补组(3个月后修补);观察两组颅骨修补术后6个月颅骨缺损综合征、局灶神经症状、心理障碍改善情况。结果全部病例均一次修补成功。术后早期两组并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后6个月,早期修补组和晚期修补组颅骨缺损综合征消失或明显改善分别为26例(83.9%)和12例(60.0%),局灶神经症状改善分别为9例(55.6%)和3例(20.0%),心理障碍明显改善分别为18例(85.7%)和14例(77.8%)。两组颅骨缺损综合征改善率、局灶神经症状改善率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而心理障碍改善率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期颅骨修补术更有利于颅骨缺损患者神经功能的恢复;在排除手术禁忌症的情况下,颅骨修补术应尽早进行。     

数字化成形钛网在颅骨缺损修补术中的临床应用

目的 探讨数字化成形钛网在颅骨缺损修补中的临床应用价值. 方法 回顾性分析66例采用钛网修补术治疗的颅骨缺损患者临床资料,并对其进行疗效评价.其中采用人工塑形钛网修补术15例;数字化成形钛网修补术51例,早期组(开颅术后3个月内)30例,晚期组(开颅手术6个月以后)21例. 结果人工塑形钛网修补组手术时间,钛钉/骨窗面积比,术后恢复时间,术后皮下积血、积液及感染发生率均明显高于数字化成形钛网修补组,而满意度低于后者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).数字化成形钛网早期组术后1月神经功能改善率明显高于晚期组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 数字化成形钛网技术修复颅骨缺损的效果明显优于人工塑形技术,能有效提高塑形满意度,减少术后并发症.颅骨缺损患者早期行颅骨修补既能解除相关的精神负担,又可终止或逆转相关的继发性脑损害,改善神经功能,提高患者生活质量.     

颅骨修补患者的生存质量评估及手术时机探讨

目的探讨早期颅骨修补对患者生存质量的影响。方法将90例颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后行颅骨修补术患者分为早期组45例(1~3个月进行修补),晚期组45例(6个月进行修补)。采用世界卫生组织编制的生存质量量表(WHOQOFBREF)比较2组修补手术前、后的生存质量。结果早期组颅骨修补术后生存质量评分明显高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);晚期组颅骨修补手术前、后评分变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);颅骨修补手术后,早期组生存质量评分高于晚期组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期行颅骨修补术对提高颅骨缺损患者生存质量、改善生理及心理状态有积极的临床意义。     

早期修补外伤性颅骨缺损

目的探讨早期修补外伤性颅骨缺损对神经功能恢复及病人生活质量改善的效果。方法对15例外伤性颅骨缺损患者早期（3个月内）行颅骨修补，比较手术前后患者的神经功能恢复情况、生活质量。结果早期颅骨修补有助于神经功能的恢复，疗效明显。结论外伤性颅骨缺损患者早期行颅骨修补，不仅可减少因颅骨缺损引发的继发性神经元损伤，而且修补越早，颅腔的完整性、神经功能恢复越好，病人生活质量提高也越明显。     

超早期颅骨修补术对外伤性颅骨缺损患者神经功能及生活质量的影响

目的研究超早期颅骨修补术对外伤性颅骨缺损患者神经功能及生活质量的影响。方法将2012年5月-2014年3月我院收治的外伤性颅骨缺损患者120例纳入研究对象,进行颅骨修补术治疗,根据手术时机不同分为接受超早期手术的观察组和常规时机手术的对照组,比较两组患者的神经功能、神经细胞因子、生活质量情况。结果观察组患者的CSS评分和NIHSS评分（14.76±2.29、16.61±2.35）明显低于对照组;血清NTF和NGF含量（114.38±16.52、6.22±0.91）ng/ml明显高于对照组;物质生活维度、躯体健康维度、心理健康维度、社会功能维度评分（64.75±8.14、75.48±8.32、78.36±8.75、77.34±8.42）明显高于对照组。结论超早期颅骨修补术有助于改善神经功能,提高血清中神经细胞因子和整体生活质量。     

早期修补外伤性颅骨缺损

目的 探讨早期修补外伤性颅骨缺损对神经功能恢复及病人生活质量改善的效果.方法 对15例外伤性颅骨缺损患者早期(3个月内）行颅骨修补,比较手术前后患者的神经功能恢复情况、生活质量.结果 早期颅骨修补有助于神经功能的恢复,疗效明显.结论 外伤性颅骨缺损患者早期行颅骨修补,不仅可减少因颅骨缺损引发的继发性神经元损伤,而且修补越早,颅腔的完整性、神经功能恢复越好,病人生活质量提高也越明显.     

早期同期颅骨修补联合脑室-腹腔分流术对脑外伤预后的影响

目的：探讨颅脑创伤手术后颅骨缺损伴脑积水,早期、同期行颅骨修补联合脑室-腹腔分流术对患者预后的影响。方法：100例脑外伤手术后颅骨缺损伴脑积水患者,随机分为早期分流同期颅骨修补组（〈2个月）及早期分流后延期颅骨修补组,各50例,1：1配对。观察比较两组颅脑损伤手术后15个月的疗效和并发症。结果：早期分流同期颅骨修补术组格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）较早期分流后延期颅骨修补组有显著提高。前者的GOS评分为4.40±0.90、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）为12.65±2.83;后者的GOS评分为3.80±0.80、GOS评分为11.22±3.11。早期分流同期颅骨修补组分流过度及术后硬膜下积液/血肿等并发症的发生率均明显低于早期分流后延期颅骨修补组。结论：早期、同期行脑室-腹腔分流联合颅骨修补术,对颅脑损伤手术后颅骨缺损伴脑积水患者预后的改善安全有效。     

颞肌复位联合颅骨修补术对行大骨瓣减压术后颅骨缺损患者预后的影响

目的探讨颞肌复位联合颅骨修补术对行大骨瓣减压术后颅骨缺损患者预后的影响。方法选取我院2014年6月～2018年8月收治的采用大骨瓣减压术治疗的颅脑损伤患者80例,分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用颞肌复位联合颅骨修补术,对照组采用颞肌不复位颅骨修补术。比较两组围手术期相关指标,术后3个月近期预后(并发症发生情况、外形缺陷、咀嚼受限情况、局部痛疼程度、神经及运动功能恢复情况)及术后1年远期预后。结果两组围手术期相关指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后3个月总并发症发生率、外形缺陷发生率和视觉模拟评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表评分低于对照组,Fugl-Meyer量表评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后1年恢复良好率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论应用颞肌复位联合颅骨修补术患者并发症、外形缺陷少,局部疼痛感降低,神经及运动功能恢复良好,预后更佳,可在临床上推广应用。     

颅骨缺损修补术86例临床分析

目的 探讨颅骨缺损修补术的手术价值、手术时机及修补材料的选择.方法 对86例接受颅骨修补术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 所有患者术后切口均一期愈合,外观满意.3例出现皮下积液,经穿刺抽吸和加压包扎后治愈,无其他并发症.经随访,绝大部分患者术后症状明显改善或消失,神经功能进一步恢复.结论 颅骨修补术能有效改善颅骨缺损患者的临床症状,促进神经功能恢复.只要患者临床病情允许,应尽早完成颅骨修补.钛合金网板是理想的颅骨修复材料.     

Bibliography of officers of department of mental hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.