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1.
精神分裂症是一种重性精神疾病,大多患者有前驱症状,了解发病的危险因素(遗传因素等)、早期症状的识别、诊断以及早期如何干预,对降低精神分裂症的发病及预后有重要的意义。本文从多方面进行归纳总结,阐述精神分裂症发病的可能因素,为寻找更加适合精神分裂症超高危人群的筛选方法以及恰当的早期干预提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
快速眼动期动态脑电图对儿童癫痫诊断的价值   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨快速眼动期(REM)动态脑电图(AEEG)对儿童癫疒间(EP)诊断的价值.方法观察100例患儿(拟诊EP 73例,其他发作性疾病27例)的AEEG,并分析比较清醒期、非快速眼动期(NREM)、REM期疒间样放电检出率及分布情况.结果 AEEG清醒期EP波的检出率明显高于常规脑电图(P<0.001);而REM、NREM期EP波检出率显著高于清醒期(均P<0.01), REM期与NREM期比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);清醒及NREM期均有EP波的患儿REM期出现EP波可能性大;REM期EP波出现最多的部位为颞区、颞中央区,明显高于其他各脑区EP波的出现率.结论儿童REM期AEEG的EP波的检出率高,对EP的诊断、病灶定位有重要作用.  相似文献   

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特发性快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍(iRBD)是潜在的α-突触核蛋白病的最有力的标志物之一。大量文献记录了多系统萎缩(MSA)中iRBD的高发率,iRBD作为MSA前驱期的特征性改变,其在MSA进展中的作用也引起研究者们的关注。目前,还没有正式的前驱期MSA的诊断标准,iRBD为识别潜在的前驱期MSA患者提供了手段。认知能力通常保持相对完整,色觉异常较少,保留嗅觉会出现较严重的泌尿系统症状,这些临床特征可以帮助判定iRBD患者向MSA的转化。本文就iRBD的流行病学特点、在MSA中临床特征、与MSA进展、预后和转化的关系等进行综述,以期进一步了解iRBD与MSA的关系,为MSA前驱期的预防、诊断和治疗提供帮助。  相似文献   

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平滑追随眼动(Smooth pursuit eye movements,SPEM)过程是一种慢速的眼球运动过程,在这个过程中受试者被要求保持自己的眼球运动速率与指定目标的运动速率一致,从而使目标能被稳定地定位在自己的视网膜上。大量研究结果提示精神分裂症患者存在平滑追随眼动过程受损,不能平稳地追随目标。本文介绍平滑追随过程的一些基本概念及不同阶段,并综述精神分裂症患者在不同追随阶段的异常表现,以及这些异常表现的可能神经基础。同时就未来研究中应该注意的问题提出了相应建议。  相似文献   

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目的 了解精神分裂症前驱期的症状特点及影响因素,探讨早期诊断的方法。方法 采用自编一般情况调查表、前驱期症状调查表及社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)对160例首发精神分裂症进行回顾性调查。并对前驱期的自知力状况进行评估。结果 占前7位的症状为睡眠障碍(97.5%)、抑郁(88.8%)、孤僻不群(85%)、焦虑(78.8%)、生活懒散(71.3%)、敏感多疑(67.5%)和头痛(62.5%)。以性格改变、类神经衰弱症状、兴奋症状和焦虑、抑郁、强迫症状为主要表现形式者分别为60%、21.9%、75%和10.6%。这四种表现类型在不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、性格、教育程度、职业及有无阳性家族史、生活事件等因素的分布上存在显著性差异。前驱期病程平均为(80±108)天,自知力缺损者为88.1%,SDSS评分≥2分者为100%,24例作过MMPI或EM检查,异常率为83.3%(20/24)。结论 精神分裂症前驱期以性格改变和类神经衰弱症状为主要表现形式,病程差异较大,且受社会人口学状况及有无阳性家族史、生活事件的影响,自知力缺损、社会功能缺陷及MMPI、EM检查有助于早期精神分裂症的发现。  相似文献   

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概述:本文回顾总结了近年来文献报道的精神病性障碍患者在自由视图模式下的探索性眼动特征,并且对其作为一种实验室诊断工具的临床应用价值进行了分析与展望,以期对这一新的检测方法的特点和临床意义有更深入的了解。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨精神病高危综合征人群的心理理论特征。方法共纳入140名受试者,其中高危组70名,与之匹配的健康对照70名,分别对两组受试者进行功能大体评定(GAF)、失言觉察任务(FPT)、眼神阅读任务(RMET)评估,比较两组人群心理理论的差异。结果在GAF中,高危组和对照组当前GAF得分(t=-32.79,P<0.01)及GAF减分值(t=27.99,P<0.01)的差异有统计学意义;在FPT中,高危组的失言故事识别、失言故事理解和对照故事识别得分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在RMET中,与对照组相比,高危组的反应时间延迟、反应准确率下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论精神病高危综合征人群存在心理理论能力受损。  相似文献   

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目的提高对快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍(RBD)可作为α-触核蛋白病的前驱表现的认识。方法通过对一典型病例进行分析,阐述RBD的临床表现、发病机制及与α-触核蛋白病的关联性。结果本例患者主要表现为快速眼动期睡眠时的发作性肢体异常活动增加、行为紊乱,9年后出现帕金森症表现;头颅MRI示双侧大脑半球半卵圆中心、放射冠、基底节区多个点状长T1、长T2异常信号。结论RBD的I临床表现以REM时发作性行为障碍为主,脑干、纹状体和皮质灌注改变参与RBD的发病机制;与α-触核蛋白病关系密切,RBD可能为其前驱症状。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨快速眼动期(REM)动态脑电图(AEEG)对儿童癫疒间(EP)诊断的价值。方法 观察100例患儿(拟诊EP73例,其他发作性疾病27例)的AEEG,并分析比较清醒期、非快速眼动期(NREM)、REM期疒间样放电检出率及分布情况。结果 AEEG清醒期EP波的检出率明显高于常规脑电图(P<0. 001);而REM、NREM期EP波检出率显著高于清醒期(均P<0 .01 ), REM期与NREM期比较差异无显著性(P>0. 05);清醒及NREM期均有EP波的患儿REM期出现EP波可能性大;REM期EP波出现最多的部位为颞区、颞中央区,明显高于其他各脑区EP波的出现率。结论 儿童REM期AEEG的EP波的检出率高,对EP的诊断、病灶定位有重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
对精神分裂症前驱期人群的及时而有效干预能预防精神分裂症的发生,从而改善疾病的预后。近二十年国内外研究者对前驱期的识别做了大量努力,目前主要以诊断工具作为主要识别手段,本文将从症状学、诊断工具、神经生物学方面对前驱期的早期发现进行论述。  相似文献   

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Objective

Although disconnection syndrome has been considered a core pathophysiologic mechanism of schizophrenia, little is known about the temporal behavior of mismatch negativity (MMN) generators in individuals with schizophrenia or clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Methods

MMN was assessed in 29 schizophrenia patients, 40 CHR subjects, and 47 healthy controls (HCs). Individual realistic head models and the minimum L2 norm algorithm were used to generate a current source density (CSD) model of MMN. The strength and time course of MMN CSD activity were calculated separately for the frontal and temporal cortices and were compared across brain regions and groups.

Results

Schizophrenia patients and CHR subjects displayed lower MMN CSD strength than HCs in both the temporal and frontal cortices. We found a significant time delay in MMN generator activity in the frontal cortex relative to that in the temporal cortex in HCs. However, the sequential temporo-frontal activities of MMN generators were disrupted in both the schizophrenia and CHR groups.

Conclusions

Impairments and altered temporal behavior of MMN multiple generators were observed even in individuals at risk for psychosis.

Significance

These findings suggest that aberrant MMN generator activity might be helpful in revealing the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.  相似文献   

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to undertake a first step in trying to understand the types of treatments young people at clinical high risk of psychosis are interested in pursuing. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 young people who were current participants in the ongoing North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) and who met criteria for being at clinical high risk for psychosis. Participants were administered a questionnaire that asked them to identify the types of mental health problems they were currently getting help with or would like to get help with and the types of treatments they thought would be helpful and may be interested in receiving. Results: Results showed that when individuals first began participation in NAPLS, almost half had no expectations for treatment. They wanted help but they did not really know what kind of help to be asking for. Participants had a wide range of concerns for which they wanted help. Although a majority endorsed attenuated positive symptoms as a concern, many other issues such a family and social problems were often identified. For those who were already receiving help, the general opinion was that it was beneficial. Conclusions: The findings suggest that this population sees many different interventions as being potentially helpful. Furthermore, they are open to participating in a variety of treatments, including psychotherapeutic and psychiatric interventions as well as more general treatments addressing a range of possible deficits or difficulties.  相似文献   

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